英国文学简史复习重点.docx

英国文学简史复习重点.docx

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1.Byronichero:

withimmensesuperiorityinhispassionsandpowers,thisByronicherowouldcarryonhisshoulderstheburdenofrightingallthewrongsinacorruptsociety,andwouldrisesingle-handedlyagainstanykindsoftyrannicalruleseitheringovernment,inreligion,orinmoralprincipleswithunconquerablewillsandinexhaustibleenergies.Theconflictisusuallyoneofrebelliousindividualsagainstoutwornsocialsystemsandconventions.E.g.GeorgeByron“DonJuan”

2.Conceit:

In literature,a conceit isan extendedmetaphor withacomplex logic thatgovernsapoeticpassageorentire poem.In Englishliterature thetermisgenerallyassociatedwiththe17thcentury metaphysicalpoets,anextensionofcontemporaryusage.Inthe metaphysical conceit,metaphorshaveamuchmorepurely conceptual,andthustenuous,relationshipbetweenthethingsbeingcompared.E.g.JohnDonne“TheFlea”

3.Englishrenaissance:

The EnglishRenaissance wasa cultural and artisticmovement inEnglanddatingfromthelate15thtotheearly17thcentury.ThebeginningoftheEnglishRenaissanceisoftentaken,asaconvenience,tobe1485.Renaissancestyleandideas,however,wereslowtopenetrateEngland,andthe Elizabethanera inthesecondhalfofthe16thcenturyisusuallyregardedastheheightoftheEnglishRenaissance.E.g.ThomasMore“Utopia”WilliamShakespeare“Hamlet”

4.RomanticisminEnglishpoetry:

attheturnofthe18thand19thcenturiesromanticismappearedinEnglandasanewtrendinliterature.ItroseandgrewundertheimpetusoftheIndustrialRevolutionandFrenchRevolution.In1798ColeridgeandWilliamWordsworthjointlypublishedthe“LyricalBallads”,whichmarkedthebeginningofromanticisminEngland.（Romanticismwasanartistic,literary,andintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinEuropetowardtheendofthe18thcenturyandinmostareaswasatitspeakintheapproximateperiodfrom1800to1850.）E.g.WilliamBlake“TheLamb”RobertBurns“ARed,RedRose”

5.Dramaticmonologue:

inliterature,itreferstotheoccurrenceofasinglespeakersayingsomethingtoasilentaudience.RobertBrowning’s“MyLastDuchess”isatypicalexampleinwhichtheduke,speakingtoanon-respondingaudiencerevealsthereasonsforhisdisapprovalofthebehaviorofhisformerduchessandsometyrannicalandmercilessaspectsofhisownpersonality.

6.Streamsofconsciousness:

itisapsychologicaltermindicating“thefluxofconsciousandsubconsciousthoughtsandimpressionsmovinginthemindatanygiventimeindependentlyoftheperson’swill.”Inthe20thcentury,undertheinfluenceofFreud’stheoryofpsychologicalanalysis,anumberofwritersadoptedthe“streamofconsciousness”methodofnovelwriting.E.g.VirginiaWoolfMrs.Dalloway

7.Epiphany（顿悟）:

Deepthoughtsthatmightbegainedthroughincidentsandcircumstanceswhichseemoutwardlyinsignificant.It’sJoyce’stheory.E.g.JamesJoyceDubliners

8.CriticalrealisminEnglish:

Englishcriticalrealismofthe19thcenturyflourishedinthefortiesandintheearlyfifties.ThecriticalrealistsdescribedwithmuchvividnessandgreatartisticskillthechieftraitsoftheEnglishsocietyandcriticizedthecapitalistsystemfromademocraticviewpoint.E.g.CharlesDickensGreatExpectationsDavidCopperfield

WilliamBlake“TheTyger”

“SongsofExperience”

Theme:

God’screativity

Tone:

rational

Rhythm:

blacksmithing

Image:

mysteriousaugust

Sixquatrainsinrhymedcouplets;themeterisregularandrhythmic;fromtheperspectiveofamoreexperiencedperson

GeorgeBernardShaw:

Hewasan Irish playwright andaco-founderofthe LondonSchoolofEconomics.Shawwasagainst“artforart’ssake.”Hewrote,“Forart’ssakeIwillnotfacethetoilofwritingasentence.”Shawwasafriendofprogressivemankind.Hesupportedtheforcesofrevolutionanddemocracyintheirstruggleagainstimperialismandreaction.

Mrs.Warren’sProfessionisoneofthePlaysUnpleasant.UnpleasantitistothebourgeoispublicbecauseShawattackedinitthevicesofcapitalistsociety.Heshowsthatundertheguiseofbourgeoisrespectabilityhorriblecrimesandcorruptionareconcealed.InthisplayShawaccusesthebourgeoisofmakingprofitbyfosteringprostitution.Mrs.Warren’sownlifeexperienceasawholecannotrepresentthatoftheordinary,sufferingpoorwomenincapitalistsociety.

“Iwonderedlonelyasacloud”—WilliamWordsworth

Alyricpoem;fourstanzasofsixlines;alliteration;

Masculinerhymein“a,b,a,b,c,c”;rhythmscheme:

ababcc, efefgg, hihikk, lmlmnn

Healsoachievesmusicalqualitybythemanagementofalliteration（e.g.“Thatfloatsonhigho’ervalesandhills”inline2and“Besidethelake,beneaththetrees”inline5）andassonance（e.g.“beneaththetreesinline5”and“Theystretchedinnever-endin