国际商务期末试题及答案文档格式.docx
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I.True/FalseQuestions(1scoreperquestion)
1.
Thenotionthatnationaleconomiesarerelativelyself-containedentitiesisontherise.
2.
Mercantilismadvocatedthatcountriesshouldencourageexportsandimports.
3.
Afirmbecomesamultinationalenterprisewhenitundertakesforeigndirectinvestment.
4.
ThetwomostcommonmethodsofrestrictinginwardFDIareownershiprestraintsandperformancerequirements.
5.
Themostglobalmarketscurrentlyaremarketsforindustrialgoodsandmaterialsthatserveauniversalneedtheworldover.
6.Outsourcingisaprocessthatislimitedtomanufacturingenterprises.
7.AccordingtoPorter,fourbroadattributesofanationshapetheenvironmentinwhichlocalfirmscompeteincludingsupplyconditions,factorendowments,regulation,andadvancedfactors.
8.OneoftheUNcentralmandatesisthepromotionofhigherstandardsofliving,fullemployment,andconditionsofeconomicandsocialprogressanddevelopment
9.Thetotalamountofcapitalinvestedinfactories,stores,officebuildingsandthelikeisreferredtoasthestockofFDI.
10.Licensinginvolvestheestablishmentofanewoperationinaforeigncountry.
II.MultipleChoiceQuestions(11-50,2scoreperquestion
51-60,1scoreperquestion)
11.
Whichofthefollowingisnotcharacteristicofglobalization?
A.
Nationaleconomiesareturningintoindependenteconomicsystems.
B.
Materialcultureisstartingtolooksimilartheworldover.
C.
Perceiveddistanceisshrinkingduetoadvancesintransportationandtelecommunications.
D.
Barrierstocross-bordertradeandinvestmentaredeclining.
12.
Whichofthefollowingisnotanimpediment(限制)thatmakesitdifficultforfirmstoachievetheoptimaldispersion(最优分散)oftheirproductiveactivitiestolocationsaroundtheglobe?
Reducedtransportationcosts.
Governmentregulations.
Issuesassociatedwitheconomicandpoliticalrisk.
Barrierstoforeigndirectinvestment.
13.
Technologicalinnovationshavefacilitatedallofthefollowingexcept:
globalizationofproduction.
globalizationofmarkets.
creationofelectronicglobalmarketplaces.
creationofabsolutelyhomogeneous(均匀的)consumermarkets.
14.
Whatisthetotalcumulativevalueofforeigninvestmentsbestreferredtoas?
Accumulationofforeignshares
Portfolioinvestments
Stockofforeigndirectinvestments
Stockmarketinvestments
15.
Ifthecriticsofglobalizationarecorrect,allofthefollowingthingsmustbeshownexcept:
theshareofnationalincomereceivedbylabor,asopposedtothesharereceivedbytheownersofcapitalshouldhavedeclinedinadvancednations.
eventhoughlabor'
sshareoftheeconomicpiemayhavedeclined,livingstandardsneednotdeteriorateifthesizeofthetotalpiehasincreasedsufficientlytooffset(抵消)thedeclineinlabor'
sshare.
thedeclineinlabor'
sshareofnationalincomemustbeduetomovingproductiontolow-wagecountries,asopposedtoimprovingproductiontechnologyandproductivity.
economicgrowthindevelopednationshasoffsetthefallinunskilledworkers'
shareofnationalincome,raisingtheirlivingstandards.
16.
Thistheory,advancedbythe19th-centuryEnglisheconomistDavidRicardo,formstheintellectualbasisofthemodernargumentforunrestrictedfreetrade.
Heckscher-Ohlin
Mercantilism
Comparativeadvantage
Absoluteadvantage
17.
Thistheoryexplainstheobservedpatternsofinternationaltradebyemphasizingtheinterplaybetweentheproportionsinwhichthefactorsofproductionareavailableindifferentcountriesandtheproportionsinwhichtheyareneededforproducingparticulargoods.
Heckscher-Ohlin
Absoluteadvantage
18.
IdentifytheincorrectstatementpertainingtoRaymondVernon'
sproductlife-cycletheory.
Earlyintheirlifecycle,mostnewproductsareproducedinandexportedfromthecountryinwhichtheyweredeveloped.
Asanewproductbecomeswidelyacceptedinternationally,productionstartsinothercountries.
Aproductintheearlystageoftheproductlife-cycleisimportedbythecountrywhereitwasinnovated.
Aproductmayultimatelybeexportedbacktothecountryofitsoriginalinnovation.
19.
Thetheoryof_____,developedbyMichaelPorter,focusesontheimportanceofcountryfactors,inadditiontofactorendowments,suchasdomesticdemandanddomesticrivalryinexplaininganation'
sdominanceintheproductionandexportofparticularproducts.
newtrade
absoluteadvantage
comparativeadvantage
nationalcompetitiveadvantage
20.Identifythetheorythatcanbeinterpretedasjustifyingsomelimitedgovernmentinterventiontosupportthedevelopmentofcertainexport-orientedindustries.
Theoryofnationalcompetitiveadvantage
Heckscher-Ohlintheory
Theoryofcomparativeadvantage
Theoryofabsoluteadvantage
21.
Mercantilismviewedtradeasa(n):
A.economicevil.
zero-sumgame.
nonessentialeconomicactivity.
threattoagovernment'
sindependence.
22.
Whatisthebasicmessageofthetheoryofcomparativeadvantage?
Countriesaresimilarintheirabilitytoproducegoodsefficiently
Internationaltradeisrarelybeneficialtoacountry
Potentialworldproductionisgreaterwithunrestrictedfreetradethanitiswithrestrictedtrade
Tradeisazero-sumgame
23.
Accordingtotheproductlife-cycletheory,thelocusofglobalproductioninitiallyswitchesfromtheU.S.tootheradvancednationsandthenfromthosenationstodevelopingcountries.TheconsequenceofthistrendforthepatternofworldtradeisthatovertimetheU.S.:
becomesthesoleproduceroftheproduct.
switchesfrombeinganexporteroftheproducttobeinganimporteroftheproduct.
switchesfrombeinganimporteroftheproducttobeinganexporteroftheproduct.
becomesthesoleconsumeroftheproduct.
24.
_____suggeststhatwhennationstrade,eachnationmaybeabletospecializeinproducinganarrowerrangeofproductsthanitwouldintheabsenceoftrade,andthroughtrade,eachnationcansimultaneouslyincreasethevarietyofgoodsavailabletoitsconsumersandlowerthecostsofthosegoods.
Theproductlife-cycletheory
Porter'
sdiamondofcompetitiveadvantage
Newtradetheory
Thetheoryofcomparativeadvantage
25.
Accordingtothenewtradetheorists,becauseearlyentrantsareabletogain_____,theearlyentrantsintoanindustrymaygetalockontheworldmarketthatdiscouragessubsequententry.
zero-sumadvantages
highlyskilledemployees
processexpertise
economiesofscale
26.
Agreenfieldinvestment:
isaformofFDIthatinvolvestheestablishmentofanewoperationinaforeigncountry.
involvesa7percentstockinanacquiredforeignbusinessentity.
involvesamergerwithaforeignbusiness.
occurswhenafirmacquiresanothercompanyinaforeigncountry.
27.
Historically,mostFDIhasbeendirectedatthe_____nationsoftheworldasfirmsbasedinadvancedcountriesinvestedin:
underdeveloped;
underdevelopedcountries.
developed;
eachother'
smarkets.
28.
IdentifytheincorrectstatementregardingthedirectionofFDI.
Historically,mostFDIhasbeendirectedatthedevelopingnationsoftheworld.
Duringthe1980sand1990s,theUnitedStateswasoftenthefavoritetargetforFDIinflows.
ThedevelopednationsoftheEUhavereceivedsignificantFDIinflows.
RecentinflowsintodevelopingnationshavebeentargetedattheemergingeconomiesofSouth,East,andSoutheastAsia.
29.
AccordingtoKnickerbocker:
thefirmsthatpioneeraproductintheirhomemarketsundertakeFDItoproduceaproductforconsumptioninaforeignmarket.
whenafirmthatispartofanoligopolisticindustryexpandsintoaforeignmarket,otherfirmsintheindustrywillbecompelledtomakesimilarinvestments.
combininglocation-specificassetsorresourceendowmentsandthefirm'
sownuniqueassetsoftenrequiresFDI.
impedimentstothesaleofknow-howincreasetheprofitabilityofFDIrelativetolicensing.
30.
Whentwoormoreenterprisesencountereachotherindifferentregionalmarkets,nationalmarkets,orindustries,thereis:
verticalintegration.
horizontalintegration.
multipointcompetition.
monopolisticcompetition.
31.
Theproductlifecyclesuggeststhat:
oftenthesamefirmsthatpioneeraproductintheirhomemarketsundertakeFDItoproduceaproductforconsumptioninforeignmarkets.
32.
The_____suggeststhatafirmwillestablishproductionfacilitieswhereforeignassetsorresourceendowmentsthatareimportanttothefirmarelocated.
productlifecycle
strategicbehaviortheory
multipointcompetitiontheory
eclecticpa