高考英语定语从句用法讲解及专练文档格式.docx
《高考英语定语从句用法讲解及专练文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考英语定语从句用法讲解及专练文档格式.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;
指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.
(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用限定词名词+ofwhich或ofwhich+限定词名词结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.
(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等
(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)
(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that,不可以省略;
指物时用which,不能用that,不可以省略;
关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)
(2)Themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.(F)
(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)
(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词
(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someof
whichhavegonebad.
(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
4.限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1.当先行词是some(something除外),anything,everything,nothing,/few,little,/all,none,等代词时,或者是由some,any,every,no,/few,little,/all,much/thevery,theonly,oneof等修饰时
(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?
(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.
(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.
(5)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,
(6)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.
(7)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who
(4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon'
tdosuchathing.
2.
当先行词被序数词修饰或本身是序数词
(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
3.
当先行词被形容词最高级修饰或本身是形容词最高级
(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.
4.
当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时
(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
5.当先行词既有人,也有物时
(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?
6.
在Therebe句型中
7.先行词在主句中做表语,或关系代词在从句中做表语。
经典习题:
1.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?
A.that
B.where
C.inwhich
D.theone
2.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?
C.which
D.theone
3.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?
B.where
C.which
四.关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)Idon'
tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,
(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.
(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereIwasborn.
五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1.区别:
1)形式:
非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号,而限制性定语从句与先行词之间则无逗号。
TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.
China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.
2)关系:
限制性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分;
而非限制性定语从句在意义上只是先行词的一个附加修饰语,对先行词只起进一步补充说明的作用。
3)先行词:
限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词,非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个句子或其中的一部分。
2.非限制性定语从句的“四个不能”
1)非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。
2)非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用forwhich代替。
Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.
3)由“介词+关系代词”时,关系代词不能用as。
4)指人的关系代词作宾语时用whom,不能省略。
注意:
区分以下几个句子的不同——理解即可
(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。
(他还有其他的哥哥)
(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。
(他只有一个哥哥)
难点分析
(一)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。
具体情况是:
1.先行词:
As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。
(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.
(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.
2.位置:
as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句或先行词之后。
另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思
(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.
(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.
(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon'
tbelieve.
当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which
3.当先行词受such,thesame,so,as修饰时,常用as
(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.
(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.
当先行次由thesame修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
A.SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'
swedding.
她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
B.Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.
她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
(二)以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导,而且通常可以省略。
Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.
(三)区分定语从句和同位语从句
1).从句和先行词的关系:
定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;
同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系
(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.
定语从句
(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.
同位语从句
2).关系词:
同位语从句的连词that不能省略,而定语从句的关系代词that,当其在从句中作宾语、表语时可省略,作主语也不可省略。
I’veheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory.
I’veheardthenewsthathetoldyoutheotherday
当when,why,where引导同位语从句时,它们为连接副词。
虽然它们在从句中充当句子成分,但前面却没有与其意义相当的先行词。
Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
。
Theproblemwherewegotthemachineneededhasalreadybeensolved.
引导定语从句的when,where,why是关系副词,在其前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因或方式意义的名词作先先词。
IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.
ThefactorywhereIonceworkedhaschangedalot.
(四)定语从句的做题方法:
一.找出主句,确定先行词;
二.找出从句,判断从句是否完整(是否符合简单句的基本构成)——否,用关系代词;
是,用关系副词。
定语从句专项练习
1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'
sPalace.
A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
2.Doyouknowtheman_______?
A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke
3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.
A.whichtheystayed
B.atthattheystayed
C.wheretheystayedat
D.wheretheystayed
4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
5.Thatistheday______I'
llneverforget.
A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when
6.Thefactory______we'
llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.
A.thathavebeenshownthisyear
B.thathaveshown
C.thathasbeenshownthisyear
D.thatyoutalked
9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?
A.aboutwhichyoutalked
B.whichyoutalked
C.aboutthatyoutalked
10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.
A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich
11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.
A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that
12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.
A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom
13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?
A.whoB.who'
sC.whichD.whose
14.I'
minterestedin______youhavesaid.
A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which
15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as
16.Heisn'
tsuchaman______heusedtobe.
A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as
17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.
A.thatB.asC.whomD.what
18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.
A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim
19.Idon'
tlike______asyouread.
A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels
20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who
22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.
A.themB.whichC.whomD.who
23.You'
retheonlyperson______I'
veevermet______coulddoit.
A.who;
/B./;
whomC.whom;
/D./;
who
24.Ilostabook,______Ican'
tremembernow.
A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat
25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.
A.forwhichB.forthatC.in