高考英语定语从句用法讲解及专练文档格式.docx

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高考英语定语从句用法讲解及专练文档格式.docx

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高考英语定语从句用法讲解及专练文档格式.docx

(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.

(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.

4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;

指物时,相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.

(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?

5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

whose指物时,常用限定词名词+ofwhich或ofwhich+限定词名词结构来代替

(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.

(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.

1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:

lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等

(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)

(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)

2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that,不可以省略;

指物时用which,不能用that,不可以省略;

关系代词是所有格时用whose

(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)

(2)Themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.(F)

(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)

(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)

3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词

(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.

(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someof 

whichhavegonebad.

(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.

4.限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

 

1.当先行词是some(something除外),anything,everything,nothing,/few,little,/all,none,等代词时,或者是由some,any,every,no,/few,little,/all,much/thevery,theonly,oneof等修饰时

(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?

(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.

(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.

(5)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,

(6)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.

(7)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting

当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who

(4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon'

tdosuchathing.

2. 

当先行词被序数词修饰或本身是序数词

(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.

3. 

当先行词被形容词最高级修饰或本身是形容词最高级

(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.

4. 

当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时

(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?

(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?

5.当先行词既有人,也有物时

(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?

6. 

在Therebe句型中

7.先行词在主句中做表语,或关系代词在从句中做表语。

经典习题:

1.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?

A.that 

B.where 

 

C.inwhich 

D.theone

2.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?

C.which 

D.theone

3.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?

B.where 

C.which 

四.关系副词引导的定语从句

1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语

(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.

(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.

2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语

(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语

(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

(2)Idon'

tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.

关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,

(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.

(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereIwasborn.

五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

1.区别:

1)形式:

非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号,而限制性定语从句与先行词之间则无逗号。

TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.

China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.

2)关系:

限制性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分;

而非限制性定语从句在意义上只是先行词的一个附加修饰语,对先行词只起进一步补充说明的作用。

3)先行词:

限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词,非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个句子或其中的一部分。

2.非限制性定语从句的“四个不能”

1)非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。

2)非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用forwhich代替。

Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.

3)由“介词+关系代词”时,关系代词不能用as。

4)指人的关系代词作宾语时用whom,不能省略。

注意:

区分以下几个句子的不同——理解即可

(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.

他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。

(他还有其他的哥哥)

(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.

他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。

(他只有一个哥哥)

难点分析

(一)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。

具体情况是:

1.先行词:

As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。

(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.

(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.

2.位置:

as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;

which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句或先行词之后。

另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思

(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.

(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.

(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon'

tbelieve.

当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which

3.当先行词受such,thesame,so,as修饰时,常用as

(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.

(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.

当先行次由thesame修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

A.SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'

swedding.

她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

B.Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore. 

她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

(二)以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导,而且通常可以省略。

Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.

(三)区分定语从句和同位语从句

1).从句和先行词的关系:

定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;

同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系

(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon. 

定语从句

(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear. 

同位语从句

2).关系词:

同位语从句的连词that不能省略,而定语从句的关系代词that,当其在从句中作宾语、表语时可省略,作主语也不可省略。

I’veheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory.

I’veheardthenewsthathetoldyoutheotherday

当when,why,where引导同位语从句时,它们为连接副词。

虽然它们在从句中充当句子成分,但前面却没有与其意义相当的先行词。

Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback. 

Theproblemwherewegotthemachineneededhasalreadybeensolved.

引导定语从句的when,where,why是关系副词,在其前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因或方式意义的名词作先先词。

IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.

ThefactorywhereIonceworkedhaschangedalot.

(四)定语从句的做题方法:

一.找出主句,确定先行词;

二.找出从句,判断从句是否完整(是否符合简单句的基本构成)——否,用关系代词;

是,用关系副词。

定语从句专项练习

1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'

sPalace.

A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich

2.Doyouknowtheman_______?

A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke

3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.

A.whichtheystayed 

B.atthattheystayed

C.wheretheystayedat 

D.wheretheystayed

4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich

5.Thatistheday______I'

llneverforget.

A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when

6.Thefactory______we'

llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.

A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich

7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there

8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.

A.thathavebeenshownthisyear 

B.thathaveshown

C.thathasbeenshownthisyear 

D.thatyoutalked

9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?

A.aboutwhichyoutalked 

B.whichyoutalked

C.aboutthatyoutalked 

10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.

A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich

11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.

A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that

12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.

A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom

13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?

A.whoB.who'

sC.whichD.whose

14.I'

minterestedin______youhavesaid.

A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which

15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.

A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as

16.Heisn'

tsuchaman______heusedtobe.

A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as

17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.

A.thatB.asC.whomD.what

18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.

A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim

19.Idon'

tlike______asyouread.

A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels

20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what

21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who

22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.

A.themB.whichC.whomD.who

23.You'

retheonlyperson______I'

veevermet______coulddoit.

A.who;

/B./;

whomC.whom;

/D./;

who

24.Ilostabook,______Ican'

tremembernow.

A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat

25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.

A.forwhichB.forthatC.in

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