高考英语专题题库阅读理解的综合题附答案文档格式.docx
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）toanexternalfactor（e.g."
IvolunteerbecauseI'
mrequiredtodoso"
）.Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.
Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?
Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento"
trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience"
.
Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview"
volunteer"
asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas"
VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam."
Consistentwiththeresearchers'
expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelation（正相关）betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadvice:
"
Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity....ItemslikeT-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity"
（1）Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof__________.
A.
academicrequirements
B.
socialexpectations
C.
financialrewards
D.
internalneeds
（2）WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?
A.Follow-upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear.
B.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.
C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch.
D.Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvice.
（3）Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?
A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity.
B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirts.
C.Roleidentityasavolunteer.
D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.
（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteer
B.HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviors
C.HowtoKeepVolunteers'
Interest
D.HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities
【答案】
（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了怎样让人们去做志愿者的一些方法。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“…peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness，toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences，andtostrengthensocialrelationships．”可知，人们做志愿工作主要是出于表达无私的个人价值观、拓展自身的经验、加强社会关系等内在需求。
故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento‘trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience．'
”可知，这一研究告诉人们要注意让志愿者为棘手情况作准备，要给他们提供应对问题的策略，即让志愿者有精神准备去应对棘手情况和问题等。
故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork．”可知，激励志愿者不断参与志愿者工作的是作为一名志愿者的角色认同。
故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。
根据第一段“Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization．It'
sactivities．Todoso，itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework．”可知，文章是为想找志愿者的组织领导者提供意见，并从两个方面展开，说明想让人们去做志愿者首先要了解人们做志愿者的动机，还要知道人们是依靠什么维持对志愿工作的兴趣。
由此可知，本文通篇围绕着如何让人们去做志愿者这一话题。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息。
同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Imagineyourbodyislikethehouseyoulivein.Everyday,yourfamilycreatesrubbish.Therubbishbuildsupuntilitisputoutfortheweeklygarbagecollection.
Now,sayyouputthreebagsofgarbageout,butbecauseoneofthecollectorswasawaysick,onlytwobagsarecollected.Youtaketheleftoverbaginsidetobeputoutagainnextweek.Thefollowingweekyouputoutanotherthreebags,plustheleftoverbagfromlastweek.Butagain,onlytwobagsarecollected.Imaginethiscycleisrepeatedoverthefollowingweeks.
Thisisasimpledescriptionofwhathappenstoyourbodywhenyourkidneys（肾）don'
tworkefficiently.Yourbodyisnotthoroughlyemptiedofwasteproducts.Otherareasofthebodysuchasbloodpressureandredbloodcellproductionareaffectedandtheinsidiousprocessthatmayleadtokidneyfailurebegins.
It'
snotuncommonforpeopletoloseupto90percentoftheirkidneyfunctionbeforedevelopinganysymptoms.Theremaybenowarningsigns.Thismakesearlydetection（诊察）difficult.
Kidney'
smainjobistoremovetoxins（毒素）andunwantedwaterfromourblood.Everydayourkidneyscleananaverageof200litresofblood.Kidneyfailuremaybeagradualandsilentprocess,goingunnoticedbecausethereisnoapparentpain.
Researchshowsthatmorethan25percentofpatientsfoundtorequiredialysis（透析）donotseeakidneyspecialistuntillessthan90daysbeforedialysisstarts.Someriskfactorsforkidneydiseasesuchasageandgeneticmake-upareoutofourcontrol;
however,somechangesinlifestylemayhelppreventkidneydamage.Twomajorriskfactorsforkidneydisease,diabetesandhighbloodpressure,havebeenontheriseoverthelastfewdecades.Bothconditionsarechieflyaffectedbybeingoverweightandnotgettingenoughexercise,whicharethepotentialfactorsforthedisease.
（1）Theauthorgivestheexampleofthehouseweliveintoindicatethat________.
it'
ssafeandharmlessforourbodytokeepsomewaste
itdoesn'
tmattermuchifthewasteinourbodyisnotemptiedintime
simportantforourbodytoemptythewasteintimeeveryday
ourbodywillnotproduceanywasteifourkidneysworkefficiently
（2）Theunderlinedword"
insidious"
（inParagraph3）means________.
gradualandunnoticed
apparentandfast
smoothandsafe
painfulandlong
（3）Wecaninferthatwhenwefindsomesymptomsrelatedtoourkidneys,________.
thekidneyfailurebegins
thekidneysmayhavebeenseriouslydamaged
wehavelostabout10percentofkidneyfunction
thekidneyscanstillworkproperly
（4）Howmanyfactorsofkidneydiseasearementionedinthepassage?
Three.
Four.
Five.
Six.
（5）Whichofthefollowinghelpspreventkidneydamage?
Gotoseeakidneyspecialistshortlybeforedialysisstarts.
Gotoseeakidneyspecialistwheneveryoufindanywarningsign.
Trytokeeplowbloodpressureandastablelifestyle.
Takeenoughexerciseandmakeearlydetectionofkidneydisease.
【答案】
（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
（5）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了肾脏出现问题的原因，以及巨大危害，分析了肾脏问题出现的重要因素，并指出如何预防肾病。
（1）考查推理判断。
根据一二段的内容，以及第三段中的“Thisisasimpledescriptionofwhathappenstoyourbodywhenyourkidneys（肾）don'
tworkefficiently.”可推断，作者列举家庭处理垃圾情况的主要目的是让我们明白身体和家一样需要及时处理垃圾，不然对身体有害。
（2）考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的“Otherareasofthebodysuchasbloodpressureandredbloodcellproductionareaffectedandtheinsidiousprocessthatmayleadtokidneyfailurebegins.”和第四段中的“Theremaybenowarningsigns.”可知，肾功能的变化是由身体其它变化引起的，是一个渐变的过程，而且这个变化没有任何警示，故推测划线词的意思是“逐渐的/慢慢的，无法察觉的”。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“It'
snotuncommonforpeopletoloseupto90percentoftheirkidneyfunctionbeforedevelopinganysymptoms.Theremaybenowarningsigns.”可知，90%的症状在被确诊之前是看不出来的，而且没有任何的预警，故推测当人们发现肾病症状时，肾可能已经严重受损。
（4）考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的"
ageandgeneticmake-up,diabetesandhighbloodpressure,overweightandnotgettingenoughexercise,"
衰老，基因组成，糖尿病，高血压，超重和不运动,可知，这六项都是导致肾病的原因。
（5）考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Theremaybenowarningsigns.Thismakesearlydetection（诊察）difficult.”和第六段中的“Bothconditionsarechieflyaffectedbybeingoverweightandnotgettingenoughexercise,whicharethepotentialfactorsforthedisease.”可推测，早期诊察，做足够的锻炼可以预防肾损伤。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
It'
snosurprisetohearthehonkingofhornsinNewYork.Whoevertrieseverydaytogetmorethanafewminutesofsleepinthemorninginthecitywilltellyouthathecouldd
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