新托福考试阅读讲义.doc

新托福考试阅读讲义.doc

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1.句子简化题

TheGreatRedSpot

OnedistinctivefeatureoftheplanetJupiteristheGreatRedSpot,amassiveovalofswirlingreddish-brownclouds.WereEarthtobejuxtaposedwiththeGreatRedSpot,ourplanetwouldbedwarfedincomparison,withadiameterlessthanhalfthatoftheGreatRedSpot.TheSpot’sclouds,mostlikelytintedredasaresultofthephosphorusthattheycontain,circulateinacounterclockwisedirection.TheouterwindsrequiresixEarthdaystocompletethecircumferenceoftheGreatRedSpot,alengthoftimeindicativeofvastnessoftheGreatRedSpot.

1.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?

Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

A.ThedensityoftheGreatRedspotismuchhigherthanthattheEarth.

B.IfthediameteroftheGreatRedSpotweredoubled,itwouldequalthatoftheEarth.

C.ByplacingtheEarthnexttotheGreatRedSpot,onecouldseetheEarthhasamuchsmallerdiameter.

D.BecausetheEarthisclosetotheGreatRedSpot,Earthisinfluencedbyitshugesize.

答案：

C

2.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?

Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

A.TheEarth’souterwindsmoveadistanceequaltothecircumferenceoftheGreatRedSpot.

B.TheouterwindsoftheGreatRedSpotmovemorequicklythandothoseonEarth.

C.TheWindsmovingacrosstheGreatRedSpotfinallychangedirectioneverysixEarthdays.

D.ThefactthatthewindstakesolongtomovearoundtheGreatRedSpotproveshowbigitis.

答案：

D

PassageOne（Question1-2）

Camouflage

CamouflageisoneofthemosteffectivewaysforanimalstoavoidattackinthetreelessArctic.However,thesummerandwinterlandscapestherearesodiversethatasingleprotectivecoloringschemewould,ofcourse,proveineffectiveinoneseasonortheother.Thus,manyoftheinhabitantsoftheArctictundrachangetheircamouflagetwiceayear.Thearcticfoxisaclear-cutexampleofthisphenomenon;itsportsabrownish-graycoatinthesummerwhichthenturnswhiteascoldweathersetsin,andtheprocessreversesitselfinthespringtime.Itsbrownish-graycoatblendsinwiththebarrentundralandscapeinthemonthswithoutsnow,andthewhitecoatnaturallyblendsinwiththelandscapeofthefrozenwintertimetundra.

1.Whichofthesentencesbelowexpressestheessentialinformationinthefirsthighlightedsentenceinthepassage?

Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

A.OppositeconditionsinsummerandinwinternecessitatedifferentprotectivecolorationforArcticanimals.

B.ThecolorationofthesummerandwinterlandscapesintheArcticfailstoprotecttheArctictundra.

C.Inasingleseason,protectivecoloringschemeareineffectiveinthetreelessArctic.

D.Formanyanimals,asingleprotectivecoloringschemeeffectivelyprotectsthemduringsummerandwintermonths.

答案：

A

2.Whichofthesentencesbelowexpressestheessentialinformationinthesecondhighlightedsentenceinthepassage?

Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

A.Thearcticfoxisunusualinthathecolorofitscoatchangesfornoreason.

B.Thearcticfoxlivesinanenvironmentthatisbrownishgrayinthesummerandwhiteinthewinter.

C.ItisaphenomenonthatthecoatofthearcticfoxturnswhiteIthespringtimeandgrayinthefall.

D.Thearcticfoxdemonstratesthatprotectivecolorationcanchangeduringdifferentseasons.

答案：

D

PassageTwo（Question3-6）

Post-itNotes

Post-itNoteswereinventedinthe1970satthe3McompanyinMinnesotaquitebyaccident,Researchersat3Mwereworkingondevelopingdifferenttypesofadhesives,andoneparticularlyweakadhesive,acompoundofacrylatecopolymermicrospheres,wasdeveloped.Employeesat3Mwereaskediftheycouldthinkofauseforaweakadhesivewhich,provideditdidnotgetdirty,couldbereused.Onesuggestionwasthatitcouldbeappliedtoapieceofpapertouseasabookmarkthatwouldstayinplaceinabook.Anotherusewasfoundwhentheproductwasattachedtoareportthatwastobesenttoacolleaguewitharequestforcommentsonthereport;thecolleaguemadehiscommentsonthepaperattachedtothereportandreturnedthereport.TheideaforPost-itNoteswasborn.

Itwasdecidedwithinthecompanythattherewouldbeatestlaunchofproductin1977infourAmericancities.Salesofthisinnovativeproductintestcitieswerelessthanstellar,mostlikelybecausetheproduct,whileinnovative,wasalsoquiteunfamiliar.AfinalattemptwasthenmadeinthecityofBoisetointroducetheproduct.Inthatat