高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析文档格式.docx

高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析文档格式.docx

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A. 

Addthemtofuel. 

B. 

Throwthemintoanationalpark.

C. 

Bumorburythem. 

D. 

Makethemintocakes.

（2）WhatcanweknowaboutthedealbetweenDelOroandthenationalpark?

Itlasted15years. 

ItwassignedbyTreuer.

Itwasmadeinabout1998. 

ItwasbrokenbyDelOro.

（3）WhatwasTreuer'

sfinding?

Orangepeelscontainmuchfibre. 

Orangepeelscanmakesoilricher.

Orangepeelsrotawayinashorttime. 

Orangewasteruinedthenationalpark.

（4）Whatistheauthor'

sattitudetowardthejudgementionedinthelastparagraph?

Disapproving. 

Positive. 

Worried. 

Admirable.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了橘子皮对土壤的积极作用。

（1）细节理解题。

根据文章第一段最后一句话Dealingwithtonsofleftoverpeelsusuallyinvolvedburningthemorpayingtohavethempouredintoalandfill,可知，之前处理橘子皮一般要烧掉或花钱请人掩埋掉。

故答案为C。

（2）推理判断题。

根据第三段Thenin2013,whilediscussingpossibleresearchavenueswithTimothyTreuer,DanielJanzenmentionedtheorangestory.Feelinginterested,Treuerdecidedtostopbythatpieceoflandthathadbeencoveredwithfruitwaste15yearsearlier.可以推断出，15年前DelOro与nationalpark达成协议，往公园里倾倒橘子皮，但一年后由于其他果汁公司的挑战终止了。

（3）细节理解题。

根据文章第五段Theyfoundgreatdifferencesbetweentheareascoveredwithorangepeelsandthosethatwerenot.Theareawithorangewastehadrichersoil.可知，他们发现被倾倒过橘子皮的地土壤更丰富。

故答案为B。

（4）推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段butwhatisreallyshockingisthatajudgeactuallythoughtthewasteoforange“mined”anationalparkandsloppeditfromgoingforward.可知，这位法官认为橘子皮毁坏了公园的发展，而作者在文中最后一句话thistypeof“ruining”isbeingseriouslyconsideredasawayofbringingforestsbacktolife.指出，研究表明，橘子皮实际上使森林恢复了生机，所以作者不赞成法官的观点。

故答案为A。

【点评】阅读理解细节题解题技巧：

1）语义转换题--跳读查找法：

根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。

2）生活应用题--常识理解法：

在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。

3）细节排序题--首尾定位法：

根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。

4）寻找信息题--题干定位法：

寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。

2．阅读理解

Forcingwaitersandwaitressestosurviveontipsfromcustomersratherthannormalwagesisapointless,crude,anduniqueAmericancustomthat,inthepastseveralyears,ahandfulofprogressiverestaurantownershaveattemptedtodoawaywith.DannyMeyer,CEOofUnionSquareHospitalityGroup,isabouttojointheirranksandhasannouncedthatheplanstograduallystoptippingatthecompany'

s13restaurants.

What,exactly,iswrongwithtipping?

AsBrianPalmerhasexplained,moreorlessit'

severything.Tostart,leavingawaiter'

spayinthehandsofcustomershasafeelingofclassism（阶级歧视）.Andintheory,handingrestaurantcustomersthepowertotipisatleastsupposedtomotivatebetterservice.Thisfailsinpracticebecausehumansturnouttobeprettyarbitrary（随意的）abouttheirtippingbehavior.Researchhasshownthattheamountdinerstiphasverylittletodowiththeirlevelofsatisfaction.Allofthisdoesn'

tencouragewaitersandwaitressestodoanythingbutturnoverasmanytablesaspossible.

Tippingisalsoveryunfairtokitchenstaff.Thelawallowsrestaurantstodividetipsbetweenfront-of-the-houseworkerslikewaiters,hosts,hostesses,andbartenders（调酒师）,butnotcooks.Thiscreatesasysteminwhichthepeopleservingthefoodinarestaurantcanearnmorethanthepeoplepreparingit.

OneofthemostfascinatingpartsofMeyer'

smoveisthat,unlikesomerestaurantownerswhohavetakenananti-tippingstand,hewon'

tsimplyaddastandardextrachargetodiners'

bills.Rather,UnionSquareHospitalityGroupmeanstoraisemenupricesenoughtofullycoverthecostofameal.IfMeyermanagestomoveawayfromtippingatallwithouthurtinghisprofits,itwouldalmostcertainlysetthestageforotherstofollowsuit.

（1）What'

sDannyMeyer'

sattitudetowardsstoppingtipping?

Negative. 

Supportive. 

Objective. 

Doubtful.

（2）WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

Tippingmaydisturbtherestaurants'

management. 

Tippingwillguaranteedinershighqualityservice.

Tippingcanarousethestaff'

senthusiasmforwork. 

Tippingwillbringcustomersasenseofsatisfaction.

（3）WhatcanweknowaboutUnionSquareHospitalitygroup?

BrianPalmerisinchargeofitnow. 

Itscooksearnmuchmorethanitsservers.

Restauranttippinghasbeentotallybannedthere. 

Dinerswillbechargedmoreforthedishesthere.

（4）Whatisthetopicofthepassage?

Restaurants'

gettingridoftipping. 

Difficultiesthatrestaurantsarefacedwith.

Thepopularityofno-tippingrestaurants. 

Tipsonrunningrestaurantssuccessfully.

（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了强迫服务员和侍者靠顾客的小费，而不是正常的工资维持生计是一种毫无意义、粗鲁、独特的美国风俗，过去几年，一些进步的餐馆老板试图消除这种风俗。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“DannyMeyer,CEOofUnionSquareHospitalityGroup,isabouttojointheirranksandhasannouncedthatheplanstograduallystoptippingatthecompany'

s13restaurants.”可知DannyMeyer宣布他计划逐步停止在该公司13家餐厅给小费，这表明他对停止给小费是支持的，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“leavingawaiter'

spayinthehandsofcustomershasafeelingofclassism（阶级歧视）．Thisfailsinpracticebecausehumansturnouttobeprettyarbitrary（随意的）abouttheirtippingbehavior.”和“Allofthisdoesn'

tencouragewaitersandwaitressestodoanythingbutturnoverasmanytablesaspossible.”可知给服务员小费有一个阶级歧视的感觉，由于人类的随意性并不能达到预期效果，起不到鼓励服务员的作用。

这些都会扰乱饭店的管理，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Rather,UnionSquareHospitalityGroupmeanstoraisemenupricesenoughtofullycoverthecostofameal.”可知UnionSquareHospitalityGroup打算提高菜单价格，这样顾客就会为饭菜多支付钱，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“DannyMeyer,……hasannouncedthatheplanstograduallystoptippingatthecompany'

s13restaurants.”点明了本文主要内容，下文介绍了给小费的不良影响及DannyMeyer这一举动的意义。

本文是围绕禁止给小费这一事件写的，Restaurants'

gettingridoftipping适合作为标题，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

ThisismysonMatthew'

slastnightathomebeforecollege.Iknowthatthisisgoodnews.IfeelproudthatMatthewwillgotoagreatschool.Iknowthatthisisfinesthour.ButlookingatthesuitcasesonhisbedsendsmeoutoftheroomtoahiddencornerwhereIcan'

tstopcrying.

Throughthesorrow,Ifeelarisingembarrassment."

Pullyourselftogether!

"

Itellmyself.Thereareparentssendingtheirkidsofftobattlezones.HowdareIfeelsoshockedandupset?

Oneofthegreatgiftsofmylifehasbeenhavingmyboys,MatthewandJohnowen.Throughthem,Ihaveexploredthemysterious,complicatedbondbetweenfathersandsons.AsmywifeandIraisedthem,Ihavediscoveredtheloveandlossbetweenmyfatherandme.Aftermyparents'

divorce，IspentweekendswithmydadinOhio.BythetimeSundaycamearound,Iwasunabletoenjoytheday'

sactivitiesbecauseIwasalreadyafraidofthegoodbyeoftheevening.

Now，standingamongMatthew'

saccumulationofpossessions,Irealizeit'

smewhohasbecomeaboyagain.Allmysadnessandlongingtoholdontothingsareback,sweepingovermeastheydidwhenIwasachild.

Hisbedistidyandspare.Italreadyhasthefeelofaguestbed.InmymindIreplaywrappinghiminhisfavoriteblanket.Thatwasournightlyroutineuntiloneeveninghesaid,"

Daddy,Idon'

tthinkIneedablankettonight."

Ithinkofallthetimeswelayamongthecoversreading.IlookatthebedandthinkofalltherecenttimesIwasannoyedathowlatehewassleeping.I'

llneverhavetoworryaboutthatagain,Irealize.

Forhispart,Matthewhasbeenarock.Heistreatinghisleavingasjustanotherdayattheoffice.AndI'

mglad.Afterall,someone'

s