清华大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解Word格式文档下载.docx

清华大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解Word格式文档下载.docx

《清华大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解Word格式文档下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《清华大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解Word格式文档下载.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

17．Itisdoubtfulwhetheranyonecanbeatruly______observerofevents.

A．inadequateB．impassiveC．geniusD．impartial

18．Shewas______bythelackofappreciationshownofherhardwork.

A．frustratedB．dispersedC．functionedD．displaced

19．Theshuttleexplodedintheairsuddenlyandbrokeinto______atonce.

A．diversityB．fragmentsC．doctrineD．drought

20．Asthesocietyhasrigidsocial______,everyoneknowshisroleinthesociety.

A．hemisphereB．contemptC．controversyD．hierarchy

21．Threeyearshave______sincewelastmetattheconferenceforInternetcommunicationinBeijing.

A．elapsedB．discernedC．discontentedD．electrified

22．Itturnedoutthathehad______thewholestoryjusttocheathisfriends.

A．dissipatedB．divergedC．detachedD．fabricated

23．Hehadaclear______ofwhatwaswrongwiththemachineandfixeditinashorttime.

A．debrisB．deficiencyC．perceptionD．persecution

24．Fortenyearstheproblemaboutthewaterhasnotbeensolved,wecametothinkthatithasbeena______probleminthisarea.

A．perpetualB．persuasiveC．picturesqueD．possessive

25．Hewas______bythenoiseoutsideyesterdayeveningandcouldnotconcentrateonhisstudy.

A．peckedB．orientedC．perturbedD．paddled

26．Heisofteninclinedto______inotherpeople’saffairs,whichisnoneofhisbusiness.

A．manipulatedB．lumberedC．meddleD．littered

27．Hepracticed______onherandmanagedtoget$2,000．

A．linenB．deceptionC．longitudeD．paradise

28．Hewas______totakeoverthedutiesandresponsibilitiesofhisfatherfromanearlyage.

A．deducedB．dampedC．diminishedD．destined

29．Suchquestionsshouldbeapproachedhonestlyandinfullawarenessthat______loanagreementswillcostmoneyduetocancellationorothercharges.

A．compressingB．terminatingC．conformingD．contending

30．Theroomwasfullofpeopleandsmoke.Shestartedtofeel______withtheheatinside.

A．oppressedB．congestedC．confrontedD．craned

31．Thelanguageexpertsbelievethatthe______ageforlearningaforeignlanguageis6yearsold.

A．conceptualB．considerateC．optimalD．component

32．Shegotveryangryand______herclothesaboutintheroom.

A．flungB．flewC．clampedD．clashed

33．Heknewthathewouldbepunishedseverelybecauseofhisseriouserror.Thereforehe______awaythedaybeforeyesterday.

A．cautionedB．fledC．chatteredD．civilized

34．Theevilmannerswouldbe______rootandbranchduetotheforcefulactiontakenbythelocalgovernment.

A．exterminatedB．exemplifiedC．facilitatedD．emitted

35．Weallknowthatitisveryhardto______himtogivehisplanup.

A．endeavorB．reduceC．assertD．induce

PartⅢReadingComprehension（40%）

Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD．YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ascorchingsun,anendlessseaofsandandawaterless,forbiddinglylonelylandthatistheimagemostpeoplehaveofdeserts.Buthowtrueisthispicture?

Desertsaredrylandswhererainfallislow.Thisisnottosayrainneverfallsindeserts:

itmayfallonceortwiceayearinafiercetorrentthatfadesalmostassoonasithasbegun,orwhichevaporatesinthehotairlongbeforeithasgotanywhereneartheearth.Itmayfallinasuddensweepingfloodthatcarrieseverythinginitspath.Rainsmayonlycomeonceinfiveorsixyearsornotfallforadecadeormore.TheMojavedesertintheUnitedStatesremaineddryfortwenty-fiveyears.

Withoutwaternolivingthingcansurvive,andonefeatureofthetruedesertlandscapeistheabsenceofvegetation.Withlittlerainandhardlyanyvegetationthelandsuffersunderthesun.Therearevirtuallynocloudsortreestoprotecttheearth’ssurfaceanditcanbeburninghot.Underthesun,soilsbreakupandcrack.Windandtorrentialrainsweepawayanderodethesurfacefurther.Eightmillionsquarekilometersoftheworld’slandsurfaceisdesert.Throughouthistorydesertshavebeenexpandingandretreatingagain.CavepaintingsshowthatpartsoftheSaharaDesertweregreenandfertileabout10,000yearsago,andevenanimalslikeelephantsandgiraffesroamedtheland.Fossilanddunesfoundinfertileanddamppartsoftheworldshowthattheseareaswereoncedeserts.Butnowthecreationofnewdesertareasishappeningonacolossalscale.Twentymillionsquarekilometers,anareatwicethesizeofCanada,isatahightoveryhighriskofbecomingdesert.Withafurther1.25millionsquarekilometersundermoderaterisk,anareacovering30%oftheearth’slandsurfaceisdesert,becomingdesert,orindangerofbecomingdesert.Therateofgrowthofdesertsisalarming.Theworld’sdrylandswhichareunderthreatincludesomeofthemostimportantstock-rearingandwheat-growingareasandarethehomesof600～700millionpeople.Theseregionsarebecomingdesertsattherateofmorethan58,000squarekilometersayearor44hectaresaminute.InNorthAfricaatleast100,000hectaresofcroplandarelosteachyear.Atthisratethereisahighriskthatwewillbeconfinedtolivingononly50%ofthisplanet'

slandsurfacewithinonemorecenturyunlessweareabletodosomethingaboutit.

36．Whatdoesthepassagetellusaboutrainfallinthedesert?

A．Itneverrains.B．Itrainssolittlethatnothingcanlive.

C．Itrainsunexpectedly.D．Itrainsveryinfrequently.

37．Desertsoilsbreakupandcrackbecauseof______.

A．theeffectsofwindandminB．thelackofprotectionfromthesun

C．thetropicallocationofdesertsD．theabsenceofrain

38．Whatdowelearnaboutdesertsfromthistext?

A．Desertscanchangeintogreenandfertileareas.

B．Certainareashavealwaysbeendesert.

C．Desertswereoncethehomeofelephantsandgiraffes.

D．Desertshavebeengrowingsincethebeginningoftheworld.

39．Howmuchoftheworld'

slandsurfaceisatriskofbecomingdesert?

A．Lessthantenmillionsquarekilometers.

B．Twentymillionsquarekilometers.

C．Morethantwentymillionsquarekilometers.

D．30%oftheworld'

slandsurface.

40．Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutthecreationofnewdesertareas?

A．Itisanaturaldevelopment.B．Theproblemisnotveryserious.

C．Itisaveryworryingproblem.D．Thesituationwillimproveintime.

Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thefirstthingtonoticeisthatthemediawe'

reallfamiliarwith—frombookstotelevisionareone-waypropositions:

theypushtheircontentatus.TheWebistwo-way,pushandpull.Infinerpoint,itcombinestheone-wayreachofbroadcastwiththetwo-wayreciprocity（互惠）ofamid-cast.Indeed,itsusercanatoncebeareceiverandsenderofbroadcast—aconfusingproperty,butmind-stretching!

AsecondaspectoftheWebisthatitisthefirstmediumthathonorsthenotionofmultipleintelligences.Thispastcentury'

sconceptofliteracygrewoutofourintensebeliefintext,afocusenhancedbythepowerofoneparticulartechnology—thetypewriter.Itbecameagreattoolforwritersbutaterribleoneforothercreativeactivitiessuchassketching,painting,notatingmusic,orevenmathematics.Thetypewriterprizedoneparticularkindofintelligence,butwiththeWeb,wesuddenlyhaveamediumthathonorsmultipleformsofintelligence—abstract,textual,visual,musical,social,andkinesthetic.Aseducators,wenowhaveachancetoconstructamediumthatenablesallyoungpeopletobecomeengagedintheiridealwayoflearning.TheWebaffordsthematchweneedbetweenamediumandhowaparticularpersonlearns.

AthirdandunusualaspectoftheWebisthatitleverages（起杠杆作用）thesmalleffortsofthemanywiththelargeeffortsofthefew.Forexample,researchersintheMaricopaCountyCommunityCollegesysteminPhoenixhavefoundawaytolinkasetofseniorcitizenswithpupilsintheLongviewElementarySchool,ashelper-mentors（顾问）.It'

swonderfultoseekidslistentothesegrandparentsbetterthantheydototheirownparents,thementoringreallyhelpstheirteachers,andtheseniorscreateasenseofmeaningforthemselves.Thus,thesmalleffortsoftheman—theseniors—complementthelargeeffortsofthefew—theteachers.ThesamethingcanbefoundinoperationatHewlett-Packard,whereengineersusetheWebtohelpkidswithscienceormathproblems.Bothoftheseexamplesbarelyscratchthesurfaceaswethinkaboutwhat'

spossiblewhenwestartinterlacingresourceswithneedsacrossawholeregion.

41．Whatdoesthewordmind-stretchingimply?

A．Obtainingone'

smentalpower.

B．Strengtheningone'

spowerofthought.

C．Makinggreatdemandsonone'

D．Exertingone'

smentalpowerasfaraspossible.

42．Whatisaterribletoolforactivitiessuchassketchingandpainting?

A．Technology.B．Typewriter.C．Text.D．Theweb.

43．Whichgroupofpeoplemakesomeeffortstohelppupilsinelementaryschools?

A．Teachers.B．Researchers.C．Grandparents.D．Seniorcitizens.

44．Thesentencetheseniorscreateasenseofmeaningforthemselvesmeanstheseniors______.

A．acquireanewmeaningoftheirlivesB．understandthemeaningoftheweb

C．createawebsiteforthemselvesD．addanewmeani