Prinston综合写作练习8篇Word文档下载推荐.docx

上传人:b****5 文档编号:18971911 上传时间:2023-01-02 格式:DOCX 页数:9 大小:24.56KB
下载 相关 举报
Prinston综合写作练习8篇Word文档下载推荐.docx_第1页
第1页 / 共9页
Prinston综合写作练习8篇Word文档下载推荐.docx_第2页
第2页 / 共9页
Prinston综合写作练习8篇Word文档下载推荐.docx_第3页
第3页 / 共9页
Prinston综合写作练习8篇Word文档下载推荐.docx_第4页
第4页 / 共9页
Prinston综合写作练习8篇Word文档下载推荐.docx_第5页
第5页 / 共9页
点击查看更多>>
下载资源
资源描述

Prinston综合写作练习8篇Word文档下载推荐.docx

《Prinston综合写作练习8篇Word文档下载推荐.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Prinston综合写作练习8篇Word文档下载推荐.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Prinston综合写作练习8篇Word文档下载推荐.docx

First,privatespacetravelwillbenefitseriousexplorationbymakingspaceflightcheaper.Privatizationofspacetechnologywillbringtechnologicalcostsdownveryfastbecauseitwillallowcompetition—andcompetitionisoneofthestrongestmotivatorstocutcosts.Thus,loweringthecostofspacetravelwillbenefitnotonlyspacetouristsbutalsoscientists,whowillbeabletouseprivatespaceflightsforresearchpurposes.

Furthermore,privatizationofspacetravelwillacceleratetherateatwhichimportantscientificdiscoveriesoccur.Theaerospaceindustryalreadysponsorsalotofgroundbreakingscientificresearch,andaddingprivatespaceflightcompaniestoitwillmaketheindustryasawholegrowinsize,therebyemployingmorescientiststhanitdoesnow.Thatincreasednumberofworkingscientistsmeansnotonlythatmorediscoveriesarelikelytobemadebutalsothatthosediscoveriesarelikelytobemademorequicklythaninthepast.

Finally,whengovernmentsarethesoleprovidersofspacetravel,thecostsarepaidforbythewholetaxpayingpublic,butwithprivatization,theexpensesofspacetravelwillbebornebythecustomersoftheindustry.Thefactthatprivatespaceflightoperatorswillbeabletoraisefundsthroughticketsalesmeansthatthefinancialburdenontaxpayerswillbeeasedsignificantly.

阅读部分要点记录

 

Listening1

Professor:

Well,itlooksasthoughwe’llsoonseeprivatespaceshipscarryingtouristsintospace.Butwillitreallyprovidegreatbenefitsforseriousscienceandforthepublic?

Idon’tthinkso.

First,privatizedspacetravel,whichisextraordinarilyexpensive,islikelytostaythatway.Foronething,commercialspacetravelwillrequireanelaboratespacetraffic-controlsystemtopreventcollision—andthedevelopmentandoperationofsuchasystemwon’tcomecheapeither.Anotherthingthat’llkeepcostshighistestedandretested—andthatalsotendstobeaveryexpensiveprocess.Bothofthosecostswillbereflectedinthepricesofthespaceflighttickets,sonooneshouldexpectthecostofspaceflightstogodownfast.

Second,ifcommercialspaceflighthasanyeffectatallontherateofscientificdiscoveryandinnovation,itwillbetodelayorevenpreventsuchdiscoveryandinnovation.Ifthebestandthebrightestengineersgetluredawayfromgovernmentspaceprogramsbythehighsalariesofferedbyprivate,for-profitcompanies,theymightendupworkingoncommercialstuffthatdoesn’thavemuchscientificvalue.Andasaresult,seriousspaceresearchmightactuallysuffer.

Andfinally,willthetaxpayingpublicgetoffthehookfinancially?

Nochance!

Thefactisthatso-calledprivatespacetourismisn’tpossiblewithouthugepublictaxsubsidies.Itwilltakebillionsandbillionsofdollarstobuildspacestations,spaceairports,andsoon,andprivateinvestorssimplycannotraisesuchhugeamounts.Sotheburdenontaxpayerswon’tbesignificantlyeasedwiththedevelopmentoftheprivatespaceflightindustry.Infact,alltaxpayerswillbepayingmoretosubsidizethevacationsofthespacetourists.

听力部分要点记录

Reading2

Educatorshavelongrecognizedthathighschoolcanbeadifficultexperienceformanystudents.Alongwiththestressofchallengingacademicwork,highschoolcanalsobeasourceofsocial,emotional,andevenfinancialstress.Oneeffectivewayofdecreasingthesenonacademickindsofstressistorequirestudentstowearaschooluniformsothatallstudentswearbasicallythesameclothing.

Oneofthemostobviousbenefitsofsuchapolicyisthatitmakeshighschoolmoreaffordableforbothstudentsandtheirparents.Clothing,especiallytrendy,fashionableclothing,isveryexpensive,andteenagersusuallywanttohaveseveraldifferentoutfitsintheirwardrobes—forsome,themorethebetter.Whenthereisnopossibilityofdressingfashionablyatschool,astudent’sclothingbillwillgodowndrastically.

Furthermore,wearingthesameschooluniformaseveryoneelseeliminatesasignificantsourceofdiscomfortandself-consciousnessformanyteenagers:

theuncertaintythatwhattheyarewearingis“right”.Suchanxietyinterfereswithastudent’sabilitytoactinwaysthatshowhisorherpersonalitytoadvantage.

Finally,amandatoryschool-uniformpolicywillreducetheamountofteasingandbullyingamongstudents.Currently,manystudentsareteasedorpoutdownsimplybecausetheydressdifferentlyfromeveryoneelseorbecausetheycan’taffordtodresslikethemajority.Onceallstudentswearthesameuniform,therewillbesuchlessopportunityforthesekindsofintimidatingbehaviors.

Listening2

Whatyou’vejustreadreallyiswaytoooptimistic.It’srathereasytopokeholesinthereasoning.Firstoff,schooluniformsarethemselvesoftenquitecostly—usuallytheyareonlyavailablefromcertainselectstores.Plus,whatkindofclotheswillstudentsputonafterschoolwhentheygomeettheirfriends?

Well,ifyoucan’tdresstrendyatschool,it’sevenlikelyyou’llwanttodothatafterschool.Sokidswillstilldemandafullwardrobeoffashionableafter-schoolclothesinadditiontotheiruniforms.

Totakeupanotherpoint,doingawaywithdifferencesindresscanaffectsomestudentsquitenegatively.Manystudentsmayfeelveryuncomfortable—mightevenfeelself-conscious—abouthowtheylookwhentheyarenotallowedtoselecttheclothesthattheywear.Formany,choosingclothingisnotamatterofmakingafashionstatement;

itissimplyawayofpresentingthemselvesinwaystheyfeelwillcallattentiontowhattheyconsidertheirattractivefeatures—plustheyfeeltheycanalsoselectclothingtode-emphasizeotherfeaturestheyperhapslikelessaboutthemselves.Soschooluniformscanactuallyendupincreasingself-consciousnessanddiscomfortamongstudents.

Finally,studentswillalwayspickonotherstudents.Dividingintogroups,teasingandbullyingotherforbeingdifferent—thesearethingsteenagerseverywheredobecausetheyareatthatparticularstageoflife.Ifstudentscannotpickondifferencesindress,theywillsurelyfindotherthingstopickon—thingslikechoiceinmusicorthekindofbackpackbroughttoschool—anyofthesecaneasilytakeonasmuchimportanceasclothing.

Reading3

Donatingpartofone’sincometopubliccauses,knownascharitablegiving,usedtobeacommonpractice.But,intheUnitedStatescharitablegivinghasdeclinedsubstantiallyinrecentyears,and,forseveralreasons,itisunlikelytoincreaseinthefuture.

Onereasonthatcharitablegivinghasfallenissimplythatthereislessneedforcharitablegiving,becausetheUnitedStatesgovernmentnowprovidesmostoftheimportantpublicservices.Thegovernmentassumesmuchoftheresponsibilityforfeedingthepoor,providinghealthcare,andtakingcareofthevictimsofnaturaldisasters—functionsthatcharitiesusedtoperform.Thesegovernmentinstitutionsofsocialwelfarearepermanent,andsothediminishedneedforprivatecharitablegivingwillalsobepermanent.

Anotherreasonpeopleare,andwillbe,givinglesstocharitiesisthatinthepastfewyearstherehavebeenhighlypublicizeddisclosuresthatthemanagersofsomeprominentnationalcharitieswerereceivinghugesalariesandotherbenefitsaslargeorlargerthansalariesofheadsofmajorfor-profitcorporations.Thesesalariesandexpensesfortravel,fancyoffices,andadvertisingsignificantlyreducethepercentageofdonatedmoneythatwenttocharitablepurposes.Naturallypeoplehavebeenturnedoffbytheseexcessesandinefficiencies.

Finally,beyondtheshortcomingsoflegitimatecharities,therehasbeenanincreasingnumberoffraudulentsolicitationsbyorganizationsorindividualswhomerelyposeascharities.Asaresult,peoplearenowbecomingskepticalevenaboutwhatareinfactlegitimateappealsforsupport.Sopotentialdonorsarestartingtogivelessandgivelessfrequently.Andsincetheincidenceofcharityfraudseemstobeincreasing,wecanexpectfurtherdeclinesincharitablegivingaspeoplebecomemoreconcernedthattheyarebeingtakenadvantageof.

Listening3

There’snodoubtthatgivingtocharitieshasdeclinedinrecentyears,buttherearegoodreasonstothinkit’llsoonbegintogoup.

Consider,forexample,thefactthatthenumberofelderlyandretiredpeopleinoursocietykeepsgrowing.Rightnow,elderlycitizenswhocan’taffordhealthcareoftenrelyongovernmentprogramstopayforit.Butastheelderlypopulationgrows,governmentprogramsprobablywon’tbeabletocoverthehealthassistance,Americansrespondtothatneed.Andsincetheneedwillbeincreasing,weshouldexpecttoseecharitablegivingriseaccordingly.

There’sanotherreasontobeoptimisticaboutthefutureofcharitablegiving.Thedisclosuresofwasteandbadmanagementatmajorcharities,andpeople’sangeratthiswaste,areproducingsignificantreforms.Overpaidmanagershavebeenforcedtoresignbythebadpublicity.Charitiesarereducingtheirexpensesandarenowsubjecttocloserpublicscrutiny.Asaresult,peopleareregainingconfidencethatthemoneytheydonatewillsupportthecausestheycareabout.

People’sreactiontocharityfraudi

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 初中教育 > 中考

copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有

经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1