英语发音类别Word文件下载.docx
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舌中部向硬颚抬起时发出的元音叫中元音。
中元音(CentralVowels)主要有:
[4:
][4][8]
没有[4:
],多为[4r];
[4]与[8]相同。
Practicethesethreesoundsinphrases.
thefirsttermalongtermsomemoney
learnthewordsamongtheworkerssomehoney
afirmgirlneverforgetonceinamonth
anervousnurseasheetofpaperatoughson
anearlybirdadropofwaterafunnycouple
adirtyshirttheteachersofChinaasuddenjump
thethirdworldthedoctor’sdaughterjustforfun
anactivelearneratthecounterbloodforblood
后元音
发音时舌后部需要向软颚抬起的元音叫作后元音;
后元音(BackVowels)主要有:
[3][3:
][u][u:
]
[2][3][U][u]
popmusiclawandorder
pushandpullpopconcert
daughter-in-lawyouthful
byhookorbycrookwhosetools
astopwatchaccordingtolaw
thebutcherandthecrookanewsuit
clocksandwatchestalkandwalk
goodlooksagroupofstudents
socksandstockingasmallwaterfall
goodfootworkdropbydrop
alongthecorridorbookaroom
theBlueDanubecommonknowledge
alongstorytooksomesugar
awaterbottleaquartertofour
toofewtoosoontobetruewoodenplates
元音分类B
根据构成元音的音素的不同,我们把元音分为12个单元音(monophthongs)和8个双元音(diphthongs)。
Monophthongs:
[i:
][i][e][1][8][2:
][3][3:
][4:
][4]
Diphthongs:
[ei][2i][3i][4u][2u][i4][e4][u4]
InAmericanEnglish,wesimplyusefiveofthesediphthongs:
[ei][4u][2i][2u][3i]
元音分类C
根据发音时嘴唇的形状:
Accordingtotheshapeofthelips
合口元音RoundedVowels:
[3:
][3][u:
][u]
敞口元音UnroundedVowels:
][i]
自然口型NeutralVowels:
[e][1][8][4]
元音分类D
根据元音的发音长度:
Accordingtothelengthofthevowels
长元音LongVowels:
][2:
][3:
][u:
短元音ShortVowels:
[i][e][1][8][4][3][u]
辅音分类A
根据声带振动情况:
按照声带振动情况给辅音分类,发音时声带完全敞开,气流通过声带没有引起振动的辅音称为清辅音,发音时声带合拢,气流通过声带并引起振动的辅音称为浊辅音。
每一组对应的清浊辅音在发音时发音部位和发音方式都是完全相同的,只以声带振动与否来进行区别。
英语中有十组对应的清浊辅音,它们是:
清辅音VoicelessConsonants:
[p][t][k][t5][f][7][s][5][ts][tr][t5]
浊辅音VoicedConsonants:
[b][d][g][d9][v][0][z][9][dz][dr][d9]
英语中有些音是没有相对应的清浊辅音的,它们是:
清辅音:
[h]
浊辅音:
[m][n][6][l][r]
另外,人们习惯上把半元音也归为浊辅音用。
浊辅音:
[w][j]
辅音分类B
根据气流通过口腔时产生的不同效果:
根据气流通过口腔时产生的不同效果给辅音分类,可将辅音分为爆破音、摩擦音、塞擦音、鼻音和舌边音。
另外,我们将半元音也放在这一部分,方便练习掌握。
摩擦音:
口腔通道较窄,气流通过时产生摩擦。
爆破音:
气流在口腔中完全封闭,然后再突然释放,在释放时不产生任何阻碍和摩擦。
塞擦音:
气流通过口腔时被闭住,释放时气流通道又不完全敞开。
鼻音:
发音时需要鼻腔共鸣。
舌边音:
发音时气流从舌的两侧同过。
半元音:
爆破音
爆破音(plosive):
在相当时间内,气流通道完全阻塞,气流(一般由于肺部的动作)受压,然后突然放开阻塞,发出爆破的声音。
英语中的爆破音有六个,它们是:
[p][b][t][d][k][g]
嘴唇闭气:
[p][b]
舌前端在上齿齿龈和硬腭前端闭气:
[t][d]
舌后端抬高,软腭下垂进行闭气:
[k][g]
Readthedialogues,payingattentiontothepronunciationofplosives.
(1)A:
Howdoyoudo?
I’mParker.
B:
Howdoyoudo,Mr.Barker?
A:
Parker.
Oh,ParkerwithaP?
Yes,withaP.
Er…I’mBarker.
Barker?
WithaB.Ofcourse.
Yes,withaB.
Won’tyoucomein,Mr.Barker?
Thankyou,Mr.Parker.
(2)A:
Iloveyou,MissBrown.
ButhowcanIbelieveyou,Mr.Black.
I’lljumpoverthebalcony,MissBrown.
Jumpoverthebalcony,Mr.Black?
It’llprovemylove,MissBrown.
It’llbreakyourback,Mr.Black.
Thensavemeandtakemeback!
(3)A:
What’sthedatetoday?
Decemberthefifteenth.Thedayaftertomorrowislittle
Tom’sbirthday.
Right.Whatpresentshouldwegivehimthistime?
Bythe
way,howoldishe?
He’sstillthirteentodayandtomorrow.He’llbefourteenthe
dayaftertomorrow.Let’sgethimaremotecontrolledtoy
truck.
Howtimeflies!
He’sabigboynow.
Anddon’tforgetMary,Tom’stwinsister.It’sherbirthday,
too.
OK.Let’sinvitealltheirlittlefriendstocomeandcelebrate.
(4)A:
Wasitagoodgame?
Itwasaterrificgame.
Youhadagooddayforit.
Abeautifulday.
DidChrisscore?
Hescoredtwice.
Andyou?
NowwheredidIputthatbottleofmilk?
Didyouscore?
Ah,gotit.
Maybethenextgame?
Surething.I’llscoreonegoalatleast.
摩擦音
摩擦音(fricative):
气流通道收窄,气流通过时发出可听擦音。
英语中摩擦音有十个,其中清浊相对的有八个:
[f][v][7][0][s][z][5][9]
上齿接触下唇:
[f][v]
上齿与舌面摩擦:
[7][0]
上齿齿龈产生摩擦:
[s][z]
声带摩擦:
[h]
硬腭摩擦:
[r][5][9]
Readthedialogues,whilepayingattentiontothepronunciationoffricatives.
Frankflattersme,Fred.
Frankflatterseverybody.
HesaidIcreateaflameinhisheart.
Aflameinhisheart?
Afuriousflame!
HesaysIdrivehimfrantic!
Youdrivemefrantic,too,Fanny.
Oh,Fred!
Youoldflatterer.
Butdon’tforgettofrythefish,Fanny.
Sevendaysold!
She’salovelybaby!
She’sabeautifulbaby!
Andshe’sacleverbaby.
Andhervoice,hervoiceisso…soclear!
She’sgotaveryclearvoice,indeed.
Andshe’sbigforababyofherage!
Dateofbirth?
ThethirdofMarch,nineteenthirty-three.
ThethirdofMarch,nineteenthirty-three?
Ithink…
Youthinkwhat?
Ithinkitwasthethird,butmaybeitwasthefourth.
Youthinkitwaseitherthethirdorthefourth?
You’renot
sureofyourowndateofbirth?
No,I’msorry.
Anyway,thepositionhasbeentakenalready.Soitdoesn’t
matteryou’renotsureofyourdateofbirth.
Maybeyou’llletmeplayinthemud,Mother?
Don’tyoudareplaythere.
Fatherdoesn’tmindifweplayinthemud.
Fatherdoesn’twashthedirtyclothes,dear.
(5)A:
I’llsingyouasong.
Yes,singasong.Butdon’tsingasadsong.
Mostofmysongsaresad,sorry.
Well,pleasesingonethat’snotwithinthedefinitionoftoo
sad.
OK,I’llsingSanFrancisco,then.
(6)A:
Ashirt,sir?
Yes,sir.Thisonewillsuityou.It’sinavery
fashionableshade.
Mm.Iwantsomethingsimpler.
Asilverone,maybe?
It’sgotsomethingspecialonthe
sleeve.
Can’tyoushowmeasimpleshirtinasimpleshade?
Maybe
Ishouldtrythenextshop.
(7)A:
Who’sthatoverthere?
Oh,that’sJohn.He’stheClubTreasurer.
What’shedoingthere?
Watchingtelevision.
Anddoeshealwayssleepwhenthetelevision’son?
Usuallyhedoes.
Ah.
Andoccasionallyhesnores.
Rathernoisily.
Aseventhemanonthemoonmusthavenoticed!
(8)Youandyourfriendarelookingatsomethingsinashopwindowbutyoucan’tseeverywell.
Isthataradio?
Itlookslikearadio.
Isthataprettydress?
Itlookslikeaprettydress.
Isthatarugbyball?
Itlookslikearugbyball.
Isthatarecord?
Itlookslikearecord.
Isthatarecordplayer?
Itlookslikearecordplayer.
Isthatarefrigerator?
Itlookslikearefrigerator.
(9)A:
HowhandsomeHenryis!
Henryishandsome,isn’the?
AndhowhardworkingHenryis!
Henrydoesworkhard.
AndhowhonestHenryis!
Oh?
IsHenryhonest?
塞擦音
塞擦音(affricate):
其形成如爆破音,但发音器官放开阻塞较慢,因而在放开阻塞时可以听得出相应的摩擦。
英语中塞擦音有六个,它们是:
[t5][d9][ts][dz][tr][dr]
牙齿处闭气:
[ts][dz]
硬腭前端摩擦:
[t5][d9]
舌头在硬腭处闭气:
[tr][dr]
Readthedialogues,whilepayingattentiontotheaffricates.
(1)A:
Weneedsomecheese.
B:
I’vejustboughtsomecheese.
A:
Andweneedsomechocolate.
I’vejustboughtsomechocolate.
Andwhataboutchickensoup?
I’vejustboughtsomechickensoup.
Good,butwestillhaven’tgotenoughchairs.
Don’tworry.I’vejustboughtsomecheapchairs.
That’severythingthen.Ohno!
Chinaplates.
(2)A:
Youcan’tdothat!
OfcourseIcan.It’smybridge.
Butyoucan’tchopitdown!
It’smybridge,andI’mchoppingitdown.
Don’tchopitdown!
Howshallwecross?
Wecan’tmanage
withoutit.
Well,you’vegottolearnhowtojumpreallyfar!
Jump!
鼻音
鼻音(nasal):
口腔通道完全阻塞,但软颚下垂,气流自由通过鼻腔发出的音。
英语中鼻音有三个,它们是:
[m][n][6]
嘴唇处闭气:
[m]
舌前端在硬腭处闭气:
[n]
舌后部抬高,软腭下垂闭气:
[6]
Readthedialogues,whilepayingattentiontothenasals.
Don’tbealarmedifMumstamps.
Anddon’tbealarmedifMumscreams.
It’snotwhatitseems.
Don’tbealarmed.Youwon’treallybeharmed.
Normanwent.Andheneverreturned.
Hewent?
When?
Oh,abouttheendofJune.
Didhesendtherent?
Yes,andI’vefoundanewtenant,NancyNoble.
Ihopetherewon’tbeanyproblems.
Youdon’tknowNancy,doyou?
Well,Ioncelenthersomecashandsheneverreturnedit.
(3)Afriendishelpingyoutodoacrosswordpuzzle.
Ithinkit’s“singing”.
B:
No,“singing”iswrong.
A:
Whatabout”ringing”?
No,“ringing”iswrong.
Well,canitbe“bringing”?
No,“bringing”iswrong.
Whatabout“thinking”?
No,“thinking”iswrong.
Well,isit“hanging”?
No,“h