工商管理专业英语有关英语论文及翻译.doc

工商管理专业英语有关英语论文及翻译.doc

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Benchmarkingofhumanresourcemanagementinthe

Publicsector:

Prospects,problemsandchallenges

DavidMAkinnusi

Organisational/IndustrialPsychologyandHumanResourcesManagement

NorthWestUniversity

SouthAfrica

Correspondenceto:

DavidMAkinnusi

e-mail:

david.akinnusi@nwu.ac.za

ABSTRACT

Thispaperreviewstheroleofhumanresourcemanagement（HRM）which,today,playsastrategicpartnershiproleinmanagement.ThefocusofthepaperisonHRMinthepublicsector,wheremuchhoperestsonHRMasameansoftransformingthepublicserviceandachievingmuchneededservicedelivery.However,acriticalevaluationofHRMpracticesinthepublicsectorrevealsthattheseservicesleavemuchtobedesired.ThepapersuggeststheadoptionofbenchmarkingasaprocesstorevampHRMinthepublicsectorsothatitisabletodeliveronitspromises.ItdescribesthenatureandprocessofbenchmarkingandhighlightstheinherentdifficultiesinapplyingbenchmarkinginHRM.Itconcludeswithsomesuggestionsforaplanofaction.Theprocessofidentifying“best”practicesinHRMrequiresthebestcollaborativeeffortsofHRMpractitionersandacademicians.Ifusedcreatively,benchmarkinghasthepotentialtobringaboutradicalandpositivechangesinHRMinthepublicsector.Theadoptionofthebenchmarkingprocessis,initself,alitmustestoftheextenttowhichHRMinthepublicsectorhasgrownprofessionally.

Keywords:

benchmarking,benchmarkingprocess,humanresourcemanagement,publicsector,publicsectormanagement

Inanyorganisedhumanactivity,humanbeingsnaturallytakeprecedenceoverotherresources,asitistheyandtheyalonewhoarecapableofdirectingandutilisingotherresources.Effectivehumanresourcemanagement（HRM）has,therefore,becomecrucialandcriticaltotheachievementofindividual,organisational,community,nationalandinternationalgoalsandobjectives.Ironically,eventhoughhumanbeingsarewidelyconsideredasthemostimportantassetsofanyorganisationornation,theirdevelopment,motivationandutilisationhavenotalwaysoccupiedthecentralplaceinmanagement（Bendix,1996,p.4-10）.Inthehistoryofmanagementthought,theneglectofthehumansideofenterprisebroughtthescientificschoolofmanagementtoitskneesandledtotheriseofthehumanrelationsandthebehaviouralschoolsofthoughtwhichfirmlysucceededinputtinghumanbeingsasthecoreofmanagement（Carrell,Elbert&Hartfield,1995）.Inthepracticalworld,thecommodificationorde-personalisationofhumanbeingsduringtheindustrialrevolutionwasalsoassociatedwiththeriseoftradeunionmovements,leadingtogovernmentinterventionsandregulationsandtheemergenceoflabourrelationsandpersonneladministrationasfieldsofstudy（Bendix,1995,p.7）.Inthe1990s,personnelmanagementmetamorphosedintohumanresourcemanagementinclearrecognitionofitsstrategicroleintheoverallperformanceoforganisations（Authur,1994;Cascio,1995;Huselid,1995;Gerber,Nel&vanDyk,1998）.

THESTATEOFHRMINSOUTHAFRICA

ThehistoryofSouthAfrica,risingfromtheashesoftheapartheidregime,isrepletewithcasesofpoorHRM,tothepointofconstrictingitsdevelopmentmorethanadecadeafteritsindependence（DeputyPresident,PhumzileMlambo-Ngcuka,2006）.TheDeputyPresidentwhilelaunchingtheJointInitiativeforPrioritySkillsAcquisition（JIPSA）remarkedthat:

Nothingshortofaskillsrevolutionbyanationunitedwillextricateusfromthecrisesweface.Weareaddressinglogjams,someofwhicharesystemicandthereforeinsomecasesentrenchedeveninpost-apartheidSouthAfrica.Thesystemicnatureofsomeofourchallengesundermineourexcellentnewpolicies,atleastintheshortterm,hencetheneedforinterventionssuchasJIPSAtoenhanceimplementationofourpolicies（http:

//www.info.gov.za/speeches/2006/06032810451001.htm）

Historically,SouthAfricahasperformedverypoorlyinpracticallyallthecriteriaontheliabilitysideofhumanresourcesbalancesheetasmeasuredbytheWorldCompetitivenessRatings（1998,1999）.Someoftheseincludeequalopportunity,skilledlabour,Aids,workermotivation,braindrain,unemployment,alcoholanddrugabuse,valuesofthesociety,illiteracy,dependencyratio,humandevelopmentindexandcompetentmanagers.Thefieldoflabourrelations（LR）,likeitshumanresourcescounterpart,reflectsthecountry’ssocio-politicalhistorywhichwascharacterisedbydeepdivisionsalongracialandpoliticallines,discrimination,unfairlabourpracticesandgrossdistortionsinthelabourmarketsystems,resultinginseriousconfrontationsbetweenthesocialpartnersandperennialindustrialunrest（Bendix,1996,p.71-104）.

ThesestarkrealitieshavepromptedthedemocraticgovernmenttoenactaseriesoflawsdesignedtobringradicalchangesintheareasofHRMandlabourrelations