商务英语真题29MAYWord格式文档下载.docx

商务英语真题29MAYWord格式文档下载.docx

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●Foreachstatement!

–7,makeoneletter（A,B,CorD）onyourAnswerSheet.

●Youwillneedtousesomeoftheselettersmorethanonce.

Example:

1Peoplechoosetoplantheirworkatdifferenttimes.

ABCD

1Inordertocompleteataskwell,itmaynotbenecessarytodealwitheverydetail.

2Ifyouhavetoomuchtodo,youmayneedtoturndownworkinthefuture.

3Anyplanningactivityneedstotakeplaceonaregularbasis.

4Youshouldavoidgivingadditionaltimetoaparticulartask.

5Itispossiblethatsomeroutinetasksdonotneedtobecarriedout.

6Ifyouareoverloadedwithwork,itisimportanttoidentifythecause.

7Peopleatalllevelsperformtime-wastingactivities.

SuccessfulTimeManagement

Thesecretofavoidingworkpressureisthinkingahead.Everydayyouneedtoreviewyourprogresstowardsobjectivesanddecidehowyoucanbestusethetimeavailabletomakefurtherprogress.Youmayfindthisisbestdoneatthestartofyourworkingdaybutsomepeopleprefertohaveaplanningsessionjustbeforetheyfinish.Whicheveryouselect–andyoumayneedtoexperimenttofindwhatsuitsyoubest–findsomewayoffittingtheactivityintoyourschedule.Neversay,‘Idon’thavetimetoplantoday‘.

Managersatalllevelsoccasionallyfindtheyhavetakenonmorethantheycancopewith.Thisisnotacrime,butyoumustexaminethereasonsforsuchasituationandthenplanacourseofaction.Untiltheproblemisresolved,mostofyourtimeandenergywillgotoworryingaboutthesituationandyouwillfeelunmotivated.Thinktooabouthowtopreventithappeningagain.Thismayrequireyoutobefirmandavoidagreeingtomorethanisrealistic.

Ifareviewofyourworkingpracticesshowsthatyouaretoomuchofaperfectionist,dosomething

aboutthis.Moderndefinitionsofqualityreferto‘fitnessforpurpose’.Ifyoubearthisinmind,youmayfinditeasiertopersuadeyourselftosettleforanacceptablelevelofqualityratherthanperfection.Whenthinkingaboutobjectivesandplanninghowtoachievethem,considerhowthoroughlyyouneedtodosomethinginordertomeetyourrequirements.Unlessyouhavesparetime,donotspendextrahoursonanactivityinanefforttocoverabsolutelyeverything.

Ifyourreviewofaperiodoftimeshowsthatyouarespendingtimeonthingsthatarenotreallynecessaryorimportant,thenthinkhardaboutwhetheryoucanaffordthistime.Manypeoplefileunnecessarypapersandattendendless,unproductivemeetings.Eventopmanagerscanbeguiltyofmisdirectingtheireffortsbysupervisingsubordinatestoocloselyorfailingtodelegate.Ifyouquestiononthenecessityofcertainwork,youmayfinditeasiertoavoidthesemisdirectedeffortsandthiswillbetterinformyourplanninginthefuture.

PARTTWO

Questions8–12

●Readthearticlebelowabouttheimportanceofstaffappraisals.

●Choosethebestsentencefromtheoppositepagetofilleachofthegaps.

●Foreachgap8–12,markoneletter（A-G）onyourAnswerSheet.

●Donotuseanylettermorethanonce.

●Thereisanexampleatthebeginning.（0）

Staffappraisals

Goodpreparationforstaffappraisalscanpaydividendsintermsofstaffloyaltyandsatisfaction

Manymanagers,particularlythoserunningsmallercompanies,feeltheyaretoobusytogivetheiremployeesappraisals,andmanystaffclearlydreadthem.（0）____.Theyprovidetheopportunityforthemanagertohaveone-to-onediscussionswithanemployeeandfindoutaboutanyconcerns,aswellasidentifyingtrainingneedsanddiscoveringcareeraspirations.Theycanmakeastaffmemberfellvaluedandsobuildloyalty.

Theannualappraisalcaneitherbearewardingorpainfulexperience.Accordingtoresearchcarriedoutamong500employees,thestandardofficeappraisalisfarfromperfect.（8）____.Thepossibleoutcomeforthecompanyisevenworse:

uptoaquarterofemployeeswilllookforanewjobwithintwoweeksofabadappraisaland40%withinamonth.

Thequalityoftheappraisallieswithhowthebossdecidestocarryitout.Whenitisdonewell,employeesareabletousethefeedbacktheyreceivetoimprovetheirperformance.（9）____.Sohowshouldaconstructiveappraisalbecarriedout?

AccordingtoAndrewGillingham,aconsultanttrainer,appraisalscanbemanager-led,withtheappraiser

preparingadocumentandsharingitwiththeemployee.Establishingtrainingneedsandmotivatingtheemployeetowardsbiggerandbetterthingsarepartofthisprogress.（10）____.Inbothcases,Gillinghambelievesthattheeffectivenessoftheappraisaldiscussioncandeterminetheperformanceofthecompany.

Gillinghambelievesthatanyonewhothinksit’sjusttheemployeewhodoesn’tliketheappraisalexperiencehasgotitwrong.Toomanymanagersregardappraisalasawasteoftime.（11）____.Managingpeopleisadifficultmatter,andwithoutthenecessarytraining,manymanagerstrytoavoidtheuncomfortableissuesthatoftenneedtobediscussedatappraisals.

Gillinghambelievesthatcallingtheprocessanappraisalmaybeunhelpful.（12）____.Ineithercase,itisimportanttoensurethatthemeetingissuccessfulandresultsinbetterqualitymanagement.Gillinghamfirmlybelievesthatthemainthingistoemphasiseanopencommunicationsethosintheworkplacethatgivesstaffachancetotalkaboutissuesandfeelvalued.

ABCDEFG

AAlternatively,managersmaywanttheemployeesthemselvestoevaluatetheirworkperformance.

BInlargercompanies,thepeoplelikelytodosomethingwiththisinformationwillbefoundintheHRdepartment.

CProblemssuchasrushingthroughtheappraisalandbeingappraisedbyamanagerwhodoesn’tunderstandtheemployee’srolewerecommonconcerns.

DArguably,‘performancereview’ismoreappropriatesinceithelpscreatecorrectexpectationsfromthemeetingandindicateswhatwillhappen.

EThisismainlybecausetheyhavenotbeenshownhowtocarryoutappraisalsproperly.

FButalltoooftentheformaloftheappraisaldoesn’tallowthis.

GButthiscanbeavoidedand,givenamorepositiveattitudefromparticipants,appraisalscanproveenormouslyusefulforallinvolved.

PARTTHREE

Questions13–18

●ReadthearticleaboutbelowaboutproblemsintheITindustryandthequestionsontheoppositepage.

Foreachquestion13–18,markoneletter（A,B,CorD）onyourAnswerSheetfortheansweryouchoose.

ProblemsintheITindustry

Intheinformationtechnologyindustry,itiswidelyacknowledgedthathowwellITdepartmentsofthefuturecanfulfiltheirbusinessgoalswilldependnotontheregularupdatingoftechnology,whichisessentialforthemtodo,butonhowwelltheycanholdontothepeopleskilledatmanipulatingthenewesttechnology.Thisisbecomingmoredifficult.BestestimatesofthecurrentshortfallinITstaffintheUKarebetween30,000and50,000,andgrowing.

Andthereisnoendtotheprobleminsight.Asevereindustry-widelackofinvestmentintrainingmeansthelong-termskillsbaseisbothageingandshrinking.Employersarechasingexperiencedstaffinever-decreasingcircles,and,accordingtoarecentgovernmentreport,250,000newITjobswillbecreatedoverthenextdecade.

Mostemployersareconfiningthemselvestodealingwiththeimmediateproblems.Thereislittleevidence,forexample,thattheyaresteppinguptheirintakeofrawrecruitsforin-housetraining,orretrainingexistingstafffromotherfunctions.ThisisthecourseofactionrecommendedbytheComputerSoftwareServicesAssociation,butresearchshowsitsmembersareadoptingtheshort-termmeasureofbringinginmoreandmoreconsultantsonacontactbasis.However,thisapproachisbecominglessandlessacceptableasthegeneralshortageofskills,coupledwithhighdemand,sendscontractorratessoaring.Anexperiencedcontractprogrammer,forexample,cannowearnatleastdoublethecurrentpermanentsalary.

WithITprofessionalsincreasinglyattractedtothefinancialrewardsandflexibilityofconsultancywork,averagestaffturnoverratesareestimatedtobearound15%.Whilemany

companiesinthefinancialservicessectorare

managingtocontaintheirlossesbyofferingskilledITstaff‘goldenhandcuffs’–deferredloyaltybonusesthattietheminuntilacertaindate–otherorganizations,likelocalgovernments,areunabletomatchthecompetitivesalariesandperksonofferintheprivatesectorandcontractormarket,andaresufferingturnoverratesofupto60%ayear.

Butwhileloyaltybonuseshavegrabbedtheheadlines,thereareothermeansofholdingontostaff.SomecompaniesaredoingadditionalITpayreviewsintheyearandpayingmarketpremiums.Butsuchmeasurescancreateseriousemployeerelationsproblemsamongthoseexcluded,bothwithinandoutsideITdepartments.Manyindustryexpertsadviseemployerstolinkbonusestoperformancewhereverpossible.However,employersarerealizingthatbonuseswillonlysucceediftheyareaccompaniedbyotherincentivessuchasattractivecareerprospects,training,andchallengingworkthatmeetstheindividual’slong-termambitions.

Thismeansmanagersneedtoallocateassignmentsmorestrategicallyandthinkaboutadvancingtheirbusiness.Someemployersadvocategivingkeyemployeesprojectsthatwouldnormallybehandledbypeoplewithslightlymoreexperienceorcapability.Formanyemployers,however,theurgencyoftheproblemdemandsamoreimmediatesolution,suchasrecruitingskilledworkersfromoverseas.Bu