各种词性后缀一览表(最常用的).doc
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各种词性后缀一览表(最常用的)
1.名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:
做某件事情或职业的人或物:
worker,debtor
2)-acy,表示"性质,状态,境遇"democracy,accuracy,diplomacyobedience
3)-ance,-ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”importance,diligence,difference,
4)-ancy,-ency,表示"性质,状态,行为,过程"frequency,urgency,efficiency,
5)-bility,表示"动作,性质,状态"possibility,flexibility,feasibility,
6)-dom,表示"等级,领域,状态"freedom,kingdom,wisdom
7)-hood,表示"资格,身份,年纪,状态"childhood,manhood,falsehood
8)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示"行为的过程,结果,状况"action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression_r,correction
9)-ism,表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为"socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism
10)-ity,表示"性质,状态,程度”purity,reality,ability,calamity
11)-ment,表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument
12)-ness,表示"性质,状态,程度"goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness
13)-ship,表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”hardship,membership,friendship
14)-th,表示"动作,性质,过程,状态"depth,wealth,truth,length,growth
15)-tude,表示"性质,状态,程度"latitude,altitude(海拔)
16)-ure,表示"行为,结果"exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续),
17-grapy,表示"……学,写法”biography,calligraphy,geography
18)-ic,ics,表示"……学……法"logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics
19)-ology,表示"……学……论”biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)
20)-nomy,表示"……学……术"astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学)
2.形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
1)-able,-ible,visible,flexible
2)名词-ish,foolish,bookish,selfish(注意accomplish,vanish)
3)-ive,active,sensitive,productive
4)-like,manlike,childlike
5)名词-ly,manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly
6)-some,troublesome,handsome
7)-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful
8)-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various
9)-ent,violent
10)-most,foremost,topmost
11)less,表示否定,countless,stainless,wireless
3.动词后缀
1)-ize,ise,表示"做成,变成,……化“modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize
2)-en,表示"使成为,引起,使有”quicken,weaken,soften,harden
3)-fy,表示"使……化,使成”beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify
4)-ish,表示"使,令”finish,abolish,diminish,establish
5)-ate,表示“成为……,处理,作用”separate,operate,indicate
4.副词后缀(形容词)-ly:
bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地
-wise(OE):
clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地
-wards:
out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地