考研英语阅读unit10文档格式.docx
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做题备忘
PartA
Text1
商业经济
478
/10
Text2
科普知识
498
Text3
生态环境
417
Text4
社会生活
438
PartB
550
PartC
379
Directions:
Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].
AshUpadhyayaisnotreehugger.YethehasspentthepasttwoyearsstudyingenvironmentallysustainablebusinessattheStanfordGraduateSchoolofBusiness.“AmIreallydriventodothisbymyvalues?
Thehonestanswerisno,”saysUpadhyaya,whowantstoworkforaprivate-equityfundwhenhegraduatesinJune.“Itjustmakesgoodbusinesssensetobesustainable.”
Environmentalistsandcapitalistshavetypicallyeyedeachotherwithsuspicion,evendisdain.AnewbreedofM.B.A.studentsthinksit’spossibletomakeabunchofgreenbygoinggreen.Forsome,studyingsustainablebusinesspracticesjustgivesthemacompetitiveedge.Forothers,it’safreshwayofthinkingaboutbusiness.Theseeco-M.B.A.stalkaboutthe“triplebottomline”—people,planet,profit.ThousandsarejoiningNetImpact,anetworkinggroupforbusinessleadersinterestedinsocietalproblems.
Slowly,businessschoolsarecatchingup.“Thisisallstudent-driven,”saysStanfordB-schoolprofessorEricaPlambeck.Sevenyearsagosheofferedthefirstenvironmentalelectiveatthebusinessschool.TodayStanfordranksNo.1ontheAspenInstitute’s2007“BeyondGreyPinstripes”report,whichrateshowbusinessschoolsintegratesocialandenvironmentalresponsibilityintotheircurricula.
Mainstreamschoolsweren’tchangingfastenoughforgreen-businessiconHunterLovins.Thebookshecoauthoredin1999,“NaturalCapitalism,”hasbecomethetextbookforsustainablemanagement.Init,shearguesthatcompaniesdon’tfactortheenvironmentintotheirspreadsheets.“Wetreatitasifithasavalueofzero,andthat’sbadcapitalism,”shesays.Businessleadersneededtostartthinkingdifferently.Soin2003LovinshelpedfoundPresidioSchoolofManagementinSanFrancisco,whereclimatechangepermeateseverypartofthecurriculum.
Criticssaysuchboutiquebusinessschoolsthemselvesareunsustainable.ButGreenM.B.A.sinsisttheylearntraditionalskillswhilefosteringunconventionalbusinessvalues.ForthefinalprojectinaccountingatPresidio,studentsanalyzebothacompany’sfinancesanditsCSR(corporatesocialresponsibility).OnegroupgaveUnitedParcelServicecreditformappingroutessodriverscanavoidgas-wastingleftturns.GreenM.B.A.stakemacroeconomics,butitincludestheemergingfieldof“ecologicaleconomics.”ThecasestheystudyexaminecompanieslikeClifBar,whichmakesorganicenergysnacks.
Butit’stheatmosphereatPresidiothatmakesitsodifferentfromHarvard.ForPresidiostudentTajadiLeonardi,itwasneverforthemoney.Anaturelover,shewantedtogotobusinessschoolwithoutfeelingasifshewassellinghersoul.AtPresidio,herquesttodesignherowngreenkitchengrewintoabusinessplanforsomethingshecalledEcohomeImprovement.SinceEcohomeImprovementopenedin2005,diLeonardihasdoubledthestore’ssquarefootage,increasedherstafffromoneto10andseena200percentincreaseinrevenues.Soulintact,sheiscashingin.
1.WhyisAshUpadhyayainterestedinenvironmentallysustainablebusiness?
[A]Heisanactivistinenvironmentalprotection.
[B]Hebelievesenvironmentalissuesareimportanttobusinesses.
[C]HehasjusttakenacourseatStanfordGraduateSchoolofBusiness.
[D]Upongraduationhewantstoworkforafundforgreencauses.
2.ThenewbreedofM.B.A.studentsbelieve
[A]profitcannotbemadebysacrificingtheenvironment.
[B]environmentalknowledgeisimportanttobusinessschoolstudents.
[C]socialissuesarecloselyrelatedtoenvironmentalissues.
[D]businessescanmakemoneybygoinggreen.
3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
[A]NetImpactisagroupinterestedinhowtheNetaffectsbusinesses.
[B]Mainstreamschoolsstillresistofferingenvironmentalcourses.
[C]HunterLovinsisanM.B.A.teacheraswellasabusinessperson.
[D]StanfordB-schoolisthefirsttoofferrelatedenvironmentalcourses.
4.ThestudentsatPresidio
[A]accomplishtheirresearchprojectsatrelatedbusinesses.
[B]canchoosewhatevercoursestheyliketotake.
[C]takeenvironmentalfactorsintoaccountintheirresearch.
[D]turnawayfromtraditionalskillstounconventionalbusinesspractices.
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
[A]diLeonardihasmadeafortunefromherenvironmentfriendlyproject.
[B]diLeonardihastopayapriceforherenvironmentfriendlyproject.
[C]diLeonardihasmetgreatdifficultyinkeepingherbusinesssustainable.
[D]diLeonardiwouldhavemademoremoneyifshehadsoldhersoul.
Geniusissomethingthatisdifficulttomeasurequantitatively,sinceitisauniquequality,althoughmostofuscanrecognizegeniuswhenweseeitorhearit.Bycontrast,intelligenceispossiblyeasiertoquantifyandlikegeniusisapolygeniccharacterthatcanbemoldedbytheenvironment.Butintheparticularcasewewouldliketoknowhowmuchiscontributedbyheredityandhowmuchbytheenvironment,sinceithasimportantsocialandeducationalimplications.
Inanattempttoresolvetherelativecontributionsmadebyheredityontheonehandandtheenvironmentontheother,humangeneticistshaveturnedtostudiesoftwins.Twinsareoftwokinds:
dizygotictwinsandmonozygotictwins,whoarealwaysthesamesexandoftensoalikethatitisdifficulttotellthemapart.Dizygotictwinsarisefromtwoseparateeggsfertilizedbytwospermatozoa,thetwofertilizationsoccurringveryclosetogetherintime.Monozygotictwins,ontheotherhand,arisefromthesamefertilizedegg,whichseparatesintotwoatanearlystageincleavage,sothateachpartdevelopsintotwoseparateembryoswhicharegeneticallyidentical.
Howcouldmonozygoticanddizygotictwinsbeusedtodeterminetherelativecontributionsmadetothehumanphenotypebyheredityandenvironment,giventheethicalandotherconstraintsassociatedwithexperimentsonhumanbeings?
Measurementcouldbemadeonbothmonozygoticanddizygotictwins.Onewouldexpectthattheremightbeahigherdegreeofsimilarityinallcharactersmeasuredformonozygotictwins,becausetheyhavethesamegenotype,providedthattheyarebroughtupinsimilarenvironments.Dizygotictwinsdonotshowsuchastrongsimilaritysincetheyhavedifferentgenotypes,eveniftheycomefromthesameenvironment.
Tomeasuretheeffectofdifferencesintheenvironment,onewouldmeasurethesamecharactersinmonozygotictwinswhichbycircumstancehavebeenseparatedatbirth,andthenrearedwithdifferentfamiliesindifferentsocialconditions.
Intelligenceisaquantitativetrait,whichdoeshaveageneticcomponent,butweshouldnotassumethatithasasingledimensionofexpression.Thereareseverelimitationsinmeasuringintelligencebyalinearscalerangingfromdulltobright,sinceindividualsdiffergreatlyintheirgenotypes.Anynumberofgenecombinationsmaypredisposeanindividualto,say,musicalgenius,ortopainting,ortodesigningcomputerprograms,ortosagacityforhuntingandsurvivinginArctic.Thepossessionofanyoneoftheseabilitiesmayormaynotbeassociatedwithanother.Moreover,thesamegenotypemaybeexpressedinmarkedlydifferentwaysinmarkedlydifferentenvironments.Forexample,intelligencequotienttestscoresvaryconsiderablywithnutritionalstate,illnessanddisease,educational,socialandeconomiclevels.
Indeed,peoplewhobelievetheycanestimategeneticandenvironmentalcontributionstodifferencesinintelligencebetweenracesarestatisticallynaive.
6.Thescientistsstudytwinsinorderto
[A]measureiftheirintelligencecanbemoldedbyenvironment.
[B]tellthedifferencesbetweendizygoticandmonozygotictwins.
[C]searchfortheimportantsocialandeducationalimplicationsbehindthem.
[D]findoutthecontributionsofheredityandtheenvironmenttointelligence.
7.Theword“cleavage”(Line11,Para.2)probablymeans
[A]whole[B]growth
[C]area[D]division
8.Dizygotictwinsrearedinsimilarenvironmentmaybehavedifferentlybecause
[A]theyhavethesamegenes.
[B]theydevelopfromseparateembryos.
[C]theyhavedifferentgenotypes.
[D]theyreceivedifferenteducation.
9.Totelltheenvironment’seffectonintelligence,scientistswouldstudy
[A]dizygotictwins.
[B]monogotictwins.
[C]twinsofthebothkinds.
[D]asmoretwinsaspossible.
10.Whatmightbetheauthor’sattitudetowardIQtest?
[A]Itisapplicableasintelligencecanbemeasuredquantitatively.
[B]Itisscientificbecauseintelligenceisdecidedmainlybygenes.
[C]Ithasrestrictionstomeasureintelligencebyasignaldimension.
[D]Ithasnoscientificsupportandshouldbeabandoned.
Theenergycrisis,whichisbeingfeltaroundtheworld,hasdramatizedhowthecarelessuseoftheearth’sresourceshasbroughtthewholeworldtothebrinkofdisaster.Theover-developmentofmotortransport,withitsincreaseofmorecars,morehighways,morepollution,moresuburbs,morecommuting,hascontributedtothenear-destructionofourcities,thebreakupofthefamily,andthepollutionnotonlyoflocalair,butalsooftheearth’satmosphere.Thedisasterhasarrivedintheformoftheenergycrisis.
Ourpresentsituationisunlikewar,revolutionordepression.Itisalsounlikethegreatnaturaldisastersofthepast.Worldwideresourcesexploitationandenergyusehave