生态女性批评视角下的荆棘鸟An Ecofeminism Interpretation of The Thorn BirdsWord文档格式.docx

生态女性批评视角下的荆棘鸟An Ecofeminism Interpretation of The Thorn BirdsWord文档格式.docx

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关键词:

生态批评;

文化生态;

人类中心主义

Abstract

Eco-feministviewisthatnaturalcontrolandthecontrolofwomeniscloselyintegrated,co-influenceeachother,thebasicideaisthesame,sothevoicesofthewomen'

sliberationandtheliberationofnaturalappealshouldalsoinfluenceeachotherconsistentprocess.Eco-feministscholarsclaimthattheimportanceoffemaleculturalrevolution,andcontinuetopromotewomenwithecological’pointofview,whichestablishdifferentfromthepreviousvalues.Filledtheentirefieldofliteraturefromthestartofthetwentiethcentury,fromtheeco-feminist,culturalandideologicaltrends,andthegradualestablishmentoftheeco-feministliterarycriticismasthebasicideologicalguidancepractices:

eco-feministliterarycriticism.

ContemporaryAustralianwriterColleen•McCullough'

s"

TheThornBirds"

reflectsthewriterofaworkofecologicalawarenessandecologicalwisdom,itisontheonehandtopraisethepeoplebeabletoliveinharmonywithnature,ecologicalawareness,andbuildaculturalandecologicalcreatecivilization,greenlivingecologicalwisdom,ontheotherhand,condemnedthe"

anthropocentricthinking"

revealsthefateofmankindandthenaturalfateofsolidarity,interdependence,indivisible,andexpressionofthehumanyearningforabetterlife.

Keywords:

eco-criticism;

culturalecology;

anthropocentrism

TableofContents

摘要1

Abstract2

TableofContents3

ChapterOneIntroduction5

1.1ResearchBackground5

1.2AimsoftheStudy7

1.3OrganizationoftheThesis8

ChapterTwoLiteratureReview9

ChapterThreeTheoreticalFramework13

3.1Eco-feminism13

3.2TheEco-feminismLiteraryCriticism15

ChapterFourDiscussion20

4.1TheCoexistenceofNatureandHuman-beings20

4.1.1Nature:

GardenofEdenofHuman21

4.1.2Nature:

IndispensableLinkwithHumanFate22

4.1.3Nature:

SpiritualHomeofHuman23

4.2PursuingHarmoniousMen-womenRelationship25

4.2.1FeeandMary-Carson:

TwoTwistedRebels25

4.2.2MeggieandRalph:

aPairofThornBirds30

4.2.3JustineandRainer:

anIdealPairinReciprocity36

ChapterFiveConclusion38

Reference43

ChapterOneIntroduction

1.1ResearchBackground

Eco-feminismwasborninthe1970s,thesignificantcharacteristicsofbothecologicaltheory,andfeminist.Belittlenaturalandbelittlethecombingoftherelationshipbetweenwomenofthesociety,itisnotonlycriticalpatriarchalworldview,binaryoppositions,binarysplitscriticalmindset,eco-feministsbelievetheyboththedestructionofthenaturalworldidentityandtheoppressionofwomen.Onaglobalscale,eco-feministtheoryandcriticalconsciousness,constantlygivennewhopehasbeenignoredinthepatriarchalsocietywomen,andhopethatthroughthisidentityefforts,thuschangingthetraditionalprovidenewsolutionstothepaththeworldtheconceptoftheecologicalproblems.Germany•eoBoni（Francoised'

Eaubonne）forthefirsttimeinherwork,"

feminism,ordeath"

thiscontainstheidentityofviews:

ecologyandfeminismcombinationoftwoideas,andsharplypointedout:

thepatriarchalsociety,thereisanidentityofoppression,thereisadefiniterelationshipbetweenthehumannatureofoppressionandtheoppressionofwoman.Thisrelationshipthatledtooneoftherootcausesoftheecologicalcrisisincontemporarysociety.After1974,thatis,aftertheadventofherworkandcausedgreatrepercussions,FrancoisdeeoBonifacewastryingtocallforwomenbyitselftoleadamovementtoprotecttheecologicalenvironment,andinaccordancewiththenewwaytogoTherelationshipbetweentheunderstandingandawarenessofmanandnature.Inthesametime,oneafteranotherintheworldwideecologicaldisasterrecurringfurtherarousedstrongdissatisfactionofthecommunity,includingfeminists,inthiscase,enteredarapidperiodofdevelopmentandgrowthofeco-feminism.Ontheotherhand,thefurtherdevelopmentandgrowthoftheeco-feministinevitableandsocialmovementsintheUnitedStates,inthebookletof"

SilentSpring,"

publishedinthesixtiesofthelastcentury,RachelCarsonasbiologistsaninfluentialfemaleidentity,giventhesocialenvironmentalmovementhasbeenreadytomaketheUnitedStatesmorerealisticpathselection,thisbookhascausedquiteastiratthetime,beyondthetraditionalfeministmovementquicklythescopeofwomendirectlyinvolvedinenvironmentalprotection.Thus,theenvironmentalmovementinAmericansociety,thefeministmovementandthencombinedandcloseandadapttothenewsocialchangecontinuously,whichhasinjectedgreatvigorintothedevelopmentofthenextecofeminism. 

Afterdecadesofdevelopment,eco-feministtheoryintheWesthashadaconsiderableimpact.Relativetothedomestic,Westernecofeminismtheoreticalresultsaremorecomprehensiveandprofound.Famousscholarsinthefieldofecologicaldoctrine:

Maria•Meath（（Maria"

Mies）,FanDanaSilva（VandanaShiva）,Karen•J•Warren（Karen"

J"

Warren）Charlene•SplitReitertheNike（Charlene"

Spretnak）,Caroline•theMaiQiante（Carolyn"

Merchant）.

ColleenMcCulloughisaveryaccomplishedwomanwhohastakenmanydifferentkindsofjobsinfieldsofjounalism,teaching,medicineandsoon.AndfornearlytenyearsshewasdoingresearchandteachingintheDepartmentofNeurologyatthefamousYaleUniversity.However,itwaswritingthatbroughtherworldwidefame.ColleenMcCulloughistheauthorofelevenextraordinarynovels,includingtherecord-breakinginternationalbestseller,saganovel-TheThornBidswrittenin1977.

TheThornBirdsrecountsthestoryofthreegenerationsofasingularfamily一theClearys,fromtheyear1915to1969,includingtwoworldwars.ThestorybeginsinNewZealandwherethepoorClearyfamilywhoselivelihoodisshearingsheeplives.ThereisPadraicCleary（Paddy）,fatheroftheclan;

hiswife,Fee）awomanwithapast;

andtheirchildren,sevenboysandtheonlygirlMeggie,theheroine,whoseforbiddenbutsentimentallovewithRalph,anotherprotagonist,becomesthemainclueoftheplotandunderscoresthethemeoffemalesufferinginthenovel.

1.2AimsoftheStudy

ThetheecologicalcriticismtheoristC.Glotfeltydefinedecocriticism:

"

Simplyput,theecologicalcriticismisthestudyofliteratureandtheliteratureofthephysicalenvironment,toexaminethelanguageandliterarycriticismfromthepointofviewofgenderawarenessaswomen,Marxistcriticismtotextreadingbroughtaproductionandeconomicclassconsciousnessecocriticismtakenbasedonthemethodoftheearthasthecenterforthestudyofliterature.”Sufferedgreatdamageinthehumanlivingenvironmenttheenvironmentalcrisisdeepens,peoplewithnaturalrelationshiphasbecomestrained,ecologicaltheoryofcriticismisitsactiveinterestinthenaturalandhumanattitudehighlightsthehugetheoreticalvigorandvitality.ThisarticleisfromtheperspectiveofecocriticismcontemporaryAustralianwriterColleenMcCullough'

thatitisaworkthatreflectsthewritersofecologicalawarenessandecologicalwisdom,ontheonehand,praiseonecanbeinharmonywiththenaturalworldgetalongwithecologicalawareness,andbuildculturalecology,tocreateacivilization,greenlivingecologicalwisdom,ontheotherhand,condemnedtheanthropocentricthinking,andrevealthefateofmankindandthenaturalfateofsolidarity,interdependent,indivisible,theexpressionofthehumanlongingforabetterlife.

1.3OrganizationoftheThesis

Thisthesiscomprisesintroduction,mainbodyandconclusion.

Intheintroductionpart,theauthorColleenMcCulloughisbrieflyintroducedfollowedbythesummaryplotofTheThornBirds.AfterthatChapterTwoLiteratureReviewintroducesthenovel.Chapterthreeintroducesthemainideaofecofeminismanditsapplyingtothefieldofliterarystudies.Chapterfourfocusesontheproperhuman-naturerelationship.ThroughColleenMcCullough'

sdescriptionoftheruralAustralia,itcouldbeconcludedthathumanbeings'

fatesareinterwovenwiththatofnature,thushumansshouldnotattemptto"

manage"

orcontrolnonhumannature,butshouldworkwithit.Andalsodiscussesthepursuitofreciprocitybetweenmenandwomen.Womenarenottreatedequallyinthepatriarchalsociety.ThusthefirstgenerationoftheClearywomenFeeandMaryhavetwistedtheirhumannatureinpursuinghappinessandequality.ThesecondgenerationMeggieisdeclinedbyRalphbecauseheweighspoweroverloveandmakesbothofthemvictims.OnlythethirdgenerationJustinefindsherideallove,basedonmutualunderstandingandinterdependence.Thisisinaccordwiththeaimofecofeminismtoreconstructaharmonioussocietyinwhichpeopleliveinharmonywitheachotherandwithnature.

ThereforeaconclusionisdrawninthelastparttoaffirmColleenMcCullough'

sachievementsasanauthorwithecofeminismConsciousnesswhoadvocatesestablishingasupportivenodominatingandharmoniousrelationshipamonghumansandbetweenhumanandnature.

ChapterThreeTheoreticalFramework

3.1Eco-feminism

Simplyspeaking,ecofeminismisasocialandpoliticalmovementwithjointeffortsofenvironmentalismandfeminism.FrenchfeministFrancoiseD'

Eaubonneiscreditedwithcoiningtheword"

ecofeminism"

in1974inherbook