PET高频词汇word版.doc

PET高频词汇word版.doc

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VOCABULARYLIST

PreliminaryEnglishTest（PET）

IntroductiontothePETVocabularyList

ThePETVocabularyListgivesteachersaguidetothevocabularyneededwhenpreparingstudentsforthePETexamination.

BackgroundtotheList

ThePETlistwasoriginallydevelopedbyCambridgeESOLinconsultationwithexternalconsultantstoguideitemwriterswhoproducematerialsforthePETexamination.ItincludesvocabularyfromtheCouncilofEurope’sThreshold（1990）specificationandothervocabularywhichcorpusevidenceshowsishigh-frequency.

ThelistcoversvocabularyappropriatetothislevelofEnglishandincludesreceptivevocabulary（wordsthatthecandidateisexpectedtounderstandbutwhichisnotthefocusofaquestion）,andproductivevocabulary（wordsthatthecandidateneedstoknowtoansweraquestion）.

ThelistdoesnotprovideanexhaustivelistofallwordswhichappearonthePETquestionpapersandcandidatesshouldnotconfinetheirstudyofvocabularytothelistalone.

HowtheListisUpdated

ThevocabularyofEnglishchangesovertime,withwordsbeingaddedandotherwordsfallingintodisuse.Inordertomaintainitscurrency,thePETlistisupdatedonanannualbasisbytheadditionandremovalofwords,usingacorpus-basedapproach.Suggestedadditionstothewordlistarecollatedandthefrequencyofthesewordsisobtainedbyreferencetoestablishedcorpora（electronicdatabases）.Thecorporainquestionrepresentreceptiveandproductivelanguageingeneralcontexts.ThemaincorporausedforthevalidationofthePETVocabularyListare:

•theCambridgeLearnerCorpus（CLC）whichincludesover20millionwordsofwrittenlearnerEnglishatsixlevels;

•theBritishNationalCorpus（BNC）whichincludes100millionwordsofwrittenandspokennativespeakerdata.

OrganisationoftheList

•Wordsets

Somecategoriesofwordsalearneratthislevelmightbeexpectedtoknowarenotincludedinthealphabeticallistbutarelistedseparately.Wordsformedwithcommonaffixes,somecompoundsandwordsfromsomecommonwordsets,e.g.daysoftheweekaredescribedbelowandinAppendix1.Althoughsome‘grammarwords’（pronouns,modals,etc.）areincluded,the‘LanguageSpecification’sectionofthePETHandbook（availableunder‘Downloads’）shouldbeconsultedforamorecompletelisting.

•Exemplification

Examplephrasesandsentencesshowinghowwordsmightbeusedaregivenonlywherewordswithdifferentmeaningsneedtobeconstrainede.g.theuseofcaseislimitedto‘suitcase’:

candidatesarenotexpectedtoknowothermeanings,suchas‘alegalcase’.

PETVocabularyList2©UCLES2006

•PrefixesandSuffixes

AlistofpossibleprefixesandsuffixesisprovidedinAppendix2,andthesemaybecombinedwiththevocabularyitemsinthelistasappropriate.Wordswithanaffixwhichisnotincludedintheappendixarelistedseparatelyinthealphabeticallist.

•CompoundWords

Compoundwordsarenotincludedinthelistwherebothindividualwordsarepresentandthemeaningofthecompoundisliteralandtransparent,e.g.coursebook,schoolboy,shoemaker,underwater.Asimilarapproachhasbeenadoptedwithtwo-wordandhyphenatedcompounds,forexample,coffeebar,leisurecentre,home-made,open-air.

•Multi-wordVerbs

Multi-wordverbsarenotincludedinthelistiftheyhavealiteralmeaningandarecomposedofverbsandparticlesalreadyinthelist.Examplesof‘literal’multi-wordverbsarecomeinto,sitdown,asin‘Whynotcomeintothekitchenandsitdown?

’Ifthemeaningoftheverbisnottransparent,e.g.putthrough,getalong,thentheverbislistedandanexampleofusagegiven.

•TopicLists

InAppendix3wordshavebeengroupedtogetherundercommonPETthemes,suchas‘HouseandHome’,‘Sport’,‘FoodandDrink’.

UnsuitableTopics

CambridgeESOLexaminationsmustnotcontainanythingthatmightoffendorupsetcandidates,potentiallyaffecttheirperformanceordistractthemduringtheexamination.Anumberof‘sensitive’topicsareconsideredunsuitableforuseinPET,forexample,warandpolitics,andvocabularyrelatingtotheseisnotincludedintheVocabularyList.

PersonalVocabulary

ThecontentofthePETlistisgeneralinnatureandisunlikelytocovercompletelytheproductivevocabularythatmayberequiredbyallcandidates.Candidatesshouldknowthespecificlexistheywillneedtodescribethemselvesandtheirlives,forexample,work,hobbies,likesanddislikes.

Abbreviations

AbbreviationsusedintheVocabularyListare:

abbrevabbreviationoracronym

adjadjective

advadverb

AmEngAmericanEnglish

BrEngBritishEnglish

conjconjunction

detdeterminer

exclamexclamation

intinterjection

nnoun

phrvphrasalverb

plplural

preppreposition

prepphrprepositionalphrase

pronpronoun

singsingular