最新人教版中考英语语法知识复习词性Word格式.docx
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ausefulbookaEuropeanauniformaunversity
3.定冠词的用法:
1.特指某些人或事物eg:
Themanisadoctor.
2.指谈话双方都知道的人或物eg:
Lookattheblackboard,please.
3.前面已提到的人和物,在第二次提到时要用the来表示特指
Yesterdayan8-year-oldboyfellintotheriver.Theboywassavedbyapoliceman.
4.用于序数词、形容词的最高级及only.very.same等词修饰的名词前
Heisthefirstonetoleavetheclassroom.HeistheonlyoneIknow.
5.用于乐器类的名词前eg:
Lindacanplaythepiano.
6.用于表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前eg:
themoontheearththesunthesky
7.用于普通名词构成的表示组织,机构,建筑,国家名,书名等专有名词前多数要用定冠词the
theGreatWallthePalaceMuseumThePeaceHoteltheWTO
8.用于某些形容词前,表示一类人,也可用于姓氏复数前,表示一家人或夫妇
therich富人theyoung年轻人theblind盲人theSmiths史密斯一家人
9.用于“the+比较级”与ofthetwo连用,表示“两者中较.....的”或“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越....就越...”
Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.
Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.
10.用于一些固定词组中eg:
inthemorning/afternoon/eveningontheleft/rightthedaybeforeyesterday
thedayaftertomorrowintheendbythewaybethesameasinthefrontofallthetime
atthesametimedotheshoppinginthefuturearoundtheworldallovertheworld
attheageofattheendofatthebeginningof
4.零冠词的用法:
1.可数名词复数前和不可数名词表示一类人或事物时,不用冠词eg:
Horsesareusefulanimals.
2.球类运动,棋类游戏或表示三餐的名词前不用冠词eg:
playbasketballplaychesshave/eatlunch
3.表示季节,月份或星期的名词前不用冠词eg:
inspringinjune
4.前面已有人称代词,指示代词或不定代词做主语的名词前不用冠词eg:
Thisisourfirstclass.
5.某些固定词组中不用冠词eg:
bytraingotoschoolgohome
1.DidyoudowellintheChinesetest?
Yes,Igot_______A.
A.anB.theC.a
2.Hisunclebecame______engineerat______ageof25.
A.an;
anB.a;
theC.an;
the
3.Hecanplay______basketballwell,buthecan’tplay______guitar.
A.the;
/B./;
theC.the;
the
4.Ahorseis_______usefulanimal.
A.aB./C.the
5.Is_____magazineyours,Tom?
No,Idon’thave______magazine.
A.a;
aB.the;
theC.a;
6.Thereis______appleonthetable.______appleisformylittlebrother.
AnB,an;
AnC.an;
The
7.Didyougetthereby______bike?
Ni,Itook_______taxi.
aB./;
aC..the;
8.Ireallylike______bookyoulentmeyesterday.
A.aB.anC.the
9.Maryplays______pianoafter_______dinnereveryday.
theB./;
/
10.Doyouknow_____maninblackoverthere?
Yes.Heis_____officeworkerofthePeaceHotel.
anB.the;
an
11.IntheUnitedStates,Father’sDayfallson______thirdSundayin______June.
/B./;
aC./;
12.Whatwouldyoulikefor_____breakfast,Mr.Green?
Twopiecesofbreadand_____cupoftea,please.
theB./;
13.John,mayIuseyourcar?
Iwanttogotothelibrary.Sure.Hereis____key.
A.aB,anC.the
14.HaveyouwatchedthemovieIronMan3?
Ofcourse,______fantasticmovie!
15.Tony,what’s_____matterwithyou?
Ihave_______toothache.
theB.the;
aC./;
16.WhoisthewomanonTV?
_____popsinger.Ioftenlistentohersongs.
A.AB.AnC.The
17.Itisagoodhabittogoto_______bedearlyandgetupearly.
A.aB.anC./
专题复习二名词
1.名词的分类:
名词是表示人或事物名称的词,它分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。
专有名词表示人,地方,事物,机构,组织等名称的词eg:
AliceJapantheGreatWall
普通名词又分为可数名词与不可数名词,可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词,有单数和复试之分
个体名词比奥斯个体的人或事物的词eg:
bookdesktablebikeplane
集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词eg:
familyclasspoliceteamgroup
不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,没有复数形式
物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词eg:
glasswaterairpaperwood
抽象名词表示状态,品质,行为,感情等抽象概念的词eg:
dangerhealthlovesuccessinterest
2.名词的数
可数名词的复数形式(规则变化)
1.一般情况直接在词尾加seg:
book----bookspen-----pensruler----rulers
2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的加eseg:
box-----boxesbus----buseswatch----watches
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加eseg:
factory---factorieslibrary---libraries
4.以元音字母加y结尾的词,直接加seg:
boy----boyskey----keys
5.以f或fe结尾的词,变f,或fe为ve,再加seg:
knife---kniveslife---liveswolf---wolvesleaf--leaves
(特殊情况两种:
giraffe---giraffes,roof----roofs)
6.以o结尾的,有生命的加es,无生命的seg:
potato---potatoestomato---tomatoeszoo----zoos
Photo---photosradio----radiospiano---pianoshero---heroes
可数名词变不可数名词的不规则变化
1.oo变ee,eg:
foot----feettooth----teeth
2.a变为e,eg:
man----menwoman----womenpoliceman----policemenpostman---postmen
Englishman----Englishmen注意German的复数是Germans
3.有些名词单复数形式相同eg:
sheep---sheepfish----fishdeer----deerChinese----Chinese
Japanese----Japanese
4.部分名词的单复数无规律,需单独记忆eg:
child---childrenmouse---mice
5.由两个相同部分组成的事物,只有复数形式没有单数形式
clothestrousersglassesshortsjeans
6.合成名词的复数形式,只讲其主体改为复数形式
girlstudent----girlstudentspencilbox---pencilboxescarfactory----carfactories
7.由man和woman构成的合成名词,需将两个词都变为复数
mandoctor---mendoctorswomanteacher----womenteachers
不可数名词量的表达:
不可数名词计量时,用”基数词/不定冠词+表数量的名词+of+不可数名词”表示,数词决定表示数量的名词的单复数形式
aglassofwateracupofteaapieceofnewsapieceofpapertwobowlsofrice
twopairsofglassesthreepiecesofadvice
3.名词的所有格
A.’s形式的所有格
1.有生命的单数名词,直接在词尾加’seg:
myson’spenLinda’sbook
2.有生命的复数名词,以s结尾的加’eg:
theteachers’office
不以s结尾的加’seg:
thechildren’shomework
3.表示时间,距离,国家等的名词,单数加’s复数加’eg:
anhour’swalktendays’holiday
4.表示两者共同所有,只在最后一个名词后加’seg:
MikeandTom’sdesk
5.表示两者分别所有,要在每一个名词后加’seg:
Mike’sandTom’sdesks
B.of短语构成的所有格
1.没有生命的名词一般用of短语来表示所有关系eg:
ThisisamapofChina.
2.当有生命的名词的定语较长时,也可以用of短语来表示所有关系
Themovieoftheoldkindwomanismoving.
C.双重所有格
常用“of+所有格/名词性物主代词”的形式,即双重所有格来表示所有关系
BobisafriendofTom’s.Heisafriendofmine.
1.Howmuchteadoyouneed,Mr.Zhang?
_______.
A.TwocupsteaB.TwocupofteasC.Twocupsoftea
2.Therearemany_______playingontheplayground.
A.sheepsB.childrenC.manteachers
3.CanIhelpyou?
I’dliketohave100________.Iwantmystudentstodraw.
A.pieceofpaperB.piecesofpaperC.piecesofpapers
4.Howfarisyourfamilyfromhere?
It’saboutten_____walk.
A.minute’sB.minuteC.minutes’
5.Howmany______arethereinthebasket?
There’sonlyone.
A.tomatoesB.potatosC.carrotes
6.CanIhelpyou?
I’dlike______formytwindaughter.
A.twopairofshoesB.twopairsofshoesC.twopairofshoe
7.Therestaurantissopopularhere.Look,therearesomany______here.
A.foodB.dishC.people
8.Mr.Whitehasabeautifulgardenwithmany______init.
A.flowersB.grassC.villages
9.Couldyoutake_______forthese______?
They’reverybeautiful.
A.anyphotos;
tomatoesB.somephotos;
tomatoesC.somephotos;
tomatos
10.Mr.Blackgaveus______onhowtolearnEnglishwell.
A.anadviceB.manyadvicesC.someadvice
11.Weneedtocomeupwitha/an_______andmakeadecisionatonce.
A.informationB.adviceC.idea
12.It’s_______trainridefromheretothatcity.
A.8hourB.8hoursC.8hours’
13.Thisisnotmydictionary.It’s______.Shelentittomethismorning.
A.mysisterB.mysistersC.mysister’s
14.Therearetwo_______inthecity.
A.car’sfactoryB.car’sfactoriesC.carfactories
15.Thenumberoftheteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemare_________.
A.manteacherB.womenteachersC.womanteachers
16.Wouldyoupleasepassmethe______?
Ineedtolookupawordinit.
A.bagB.boxC.dictionary
17.Ilikereading.
Me,too.Iespeciallylikethe______writtenbyJ.K.Rowling.
A.homeworkB.numbersC.books
18.Thisis_______________room.
A.LindaandMaryB.Linda’sandMary’sC.LindaandMary’s
专题复习三代词
1.人称代词:
人称代词即代指人或物的称呼的词(你,我,他等),分为主格和宾格两种形式
主格:
(单数)Iyouhesheit(复数)weyouthey
宾格:
(单数)meyouhimherit(复数)usyouthem
Iamateacher.Iknowhim.Lookatme.(主格在句子中作主语,在动词和介词之后用宾格)
2.物主代词:
人称
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
单数
复数
第一人称
my
our
mine
ours
第二人称
your
yours
yours
第三人称
his
their
theirs
her
hers
its
物主代词的用法:
1.形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性,在句中用作定语,后面必须接名词
Thisismybike.
2.名词性物主代词具有名词的特性,后面不能再跟名词,它相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”
Whosebikeisthis?
It’smine.(mine=mybike)
3、反身代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
myself
yourself
himselfherselfitself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
4、不定代词
不明确指代某个(些)人、某个(些)事物的代词叫不定代词。
肯定性的不定代词:
bothallmanymuchoneothereachanothereitherafew
alittlesomeonesomebodysomethinganyoneanybodyanythingeveryoneeverybodyeverything
否定性的不定代词:
noneithernonenobodynothingfewlittle
1.both的用法,表示“两者都”常用于both.....and.....连接两个并列的名词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式eg:
BothheandIarestudents.
2.neither的用法,表示“两者都不”是both的反义词常用neitherof.....neither.....nor......
neither.....nor......连接两个并列的名词作主语时,谓语动词要取决于第二个名词(就近原则)
NeitherhenorIamstudent.
3.either的用法,常用于either...or.....表示:
要么....要么....或者....或者.....
连接两个并列的名词作主语时,谓语动词要取决于第二个名词(就近原则)
EithermyfriendorIgotoseemyteacher.
4.fewafewlittlealittle的用法
fewafe