以元音字母+o结尾或是外来词Word文档下载推荐.docx
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bamboo-bamboosvideo-videos
studio-studiospiano-pianos
少数词均可：
motto-mottos,mottoes
zero-zeros,zeroes
mosquito-mosquitos,mosquitoes
2.不规则变化
（1）变元音字母
man-menwoman-womenfoot-feet
tooth-teethgoose-geese
（2）变词尾
Child-childrenpenny-pencemouse-mice
（3）单复同形
fishdeersheepmeansChinese（国人以se结尾的词）..
（4）只有复数的
Clothestrousersglassesgoodsthanksshortsscissorsscalescompasses
contents,remains,belongings
有些名词要表示数量时，需要加上相应的单位名词apairoftrousersasuitofclothes
Hairfruitfood通常用单数表示总称。
但表示若干根头发用复数afewwhitehairs
（5）字母、数字、符号、单词、缩略语等当作个体名词看待时在其后加-或’s。
Threes’s3个sfive3’s
（6）有主体的复合名词变复数
Student-teacher-----student-teachers
Looker-on------lookers-on
Brother-in-law-----brothers-in-law
（7）没有主体的复合名词变复数,词尾加s:
go-between----go-betweensgrown-up---growns-up
（8）由man.woman构成的复合名词变复数，两部分都要变
man-teacher---men-teachers
woman-engineer—women-engineers
（9）有些名词本身就是复数意义
peoplecattlestaffpolicepublicsheep
（10）有些词虽以s结尾，但是单数
newspoliticsphysicsmaths/mathematics
（11）以is的结尾的外来词，改is为es
emphasis—emphases强调
crisis---crises危机basis—bases基础
thesis—these论文
（12）有些外来词有自己独特的形式
datum-data数据medium—media媒体
phenomenon-phenomena现象
mouse-mice老鼠penny-pence便士
三．不可数名词，不分单复数，不能与a,an连用，但可与some,或…of短语的结构连用。
需要注意的几点：
（1）有些词加s后意义变了
wood-woods树林
sand-sands沙滩
iron-irons手，脚铐
cloth-clothes衣服
force-forces军队
good-goods货物
green-greens蔬菜
content-contents目录
people-peoples民族
manner-manner礼貌
spirit-spirits情绪
paper-paper论文
glass-glasses眼镜，玻璃杯
water-waters海域，大片的水
time-times次数，倍数，时代
work-works工程，著作custom-customs关税
TheCustoms海关
（2）有些物质名词要根据上下文来决定是用可数还是不可数
Heateachicken.
Idon’tlikechicken.
Aglassismadeofglass.
（3）有些此用复数意义不一样
Tea-teasfruit-fruitsfood-foods
（4）有些抽象词表“某种”“一次”时可用不定冠词
Hismotherreceivedagoodeducation.
Haveagoodknowledgeof
Haveagoodunderstandingof
（5）不可数名词常用of词组来表示数量
可用little,alittle=abitof,much,agreatdealof,alargequantityof,alargeamountof,alotof,lotsof,plentyof等修饰
muchfurnituretwopiecesofadvice
alittlericeplentyofinformation
四．集体名词的数：
有些集体名词被看作整体时，用单数；
如着重强调该集体的成员时用复数：
family,class,team,public,group,company,enemy,party,audience,government,crew,crowd,committee
Hisfamilyisbig.
HisfamilyarewatchingTV.
五．专有名词：
表人名，地名，团体，机构等专有的名称，一般表独一无二的事物，第一个字母要大写。
专有名词分有冠词和无冠词的。
1．无冠词的专有名词
人名；
称呼；
地名；
星期月份；
节日；
专有名词+普通名词
LuXun;
ThomasEdison;
ProfessorZhang;
Dad;
UncleTom
Beijing;
MountTai;
Asia
Women’sDay;
Easter
KennedyAirport;
OxfordRoad
注：
用地名命名的大学可有两种形式；
用人名命名的的只一种
NanjingUniversity=theUniversityofNanjing;
YaleUniversity
2．无冠词的专有名词,常见的：
theGreatWalltheUnitedStates
thePeople’sRepublicofChina
theChinesetheFrenchtheSmiths
theTimes报刊书籍前,theBible,theReader’sDigest，江河湖海前带the：
thetheYellowRiver,TheWestLake
六．名词所有格：
表示所属关系，形式如下：
（一）.有生命的名词的格
1．单数直接加’s
Mymother’sbagthecat’stail
2.不以s结尾的复数名词后加’s
Women’sDaytheChildren’sPalace
3.以s结尾的复数名词后加’
theteachers’buildingthebirds’nest
4.复合名词和短语的格加在最后一词后’s
herbrother-in-law’sbike
thePremierofFrance’scar
adayortwo’sstay
someoneelse’skeys
5.并列名词表各自所属时在两名词后都加’s，但表示共同所属时只在后面一个加’s
Mary’sandTom’sfathers
MaryandTom’sfathers
6.以s结尾的专有名词一般加’或’s
Dickens’/Dickens’sbooks
7.表示店铺，某人的家，私人开的诊所，餐馆等所有格后的名词可以省略
atthedentist’satBill’s
8.名词后有同位语的所有格时把’s加在同位语后
Myyoungerbrother,John’sbike
（二）.无生命的名词的格：
通常用“of+名词”的形式
Theroofofthehouse
Thequestionofthistext
注1：
表示有生命的名词，如果较长或定语较长，也可用“of+名词”
ThebooksofLuxun,LaoSheandBaJin
Thenameofthegirllyinginbed
注2：
表示时间，距离，度量衡，价值，自然现象，集体，城市，国家，团体机构及某些习惯中，可以用’s表示所属关系：
今天的报纸—
十分钟的路程—
两英里的行程---
上海的工业---
党的号召----
20美元的价值---
中国的人口----
Atastonethrow—近在咫尺
Atanarm’slength在伸手可及的地方
（三）双重所有格：
由of+名词’s构成，主要是为了避免名词的重复，强调语气或表某种感情色彩
Heisafriendofmyfather’s=Heisoneofmyfather’sfriends.
1.用法：
of之前名词的前面通常有一个限定词（如a,any,some,no,few,several,two,three）
HaveyoureadanybooksofLuXun’s?
Twoclassmatesofmyfriend’shavecome.
2.of之前名词的前面通常有this,that表示感情色彩。
ThatanswerofLiDong’sisnotright.
3.意义区别：
a.侧重点不同
Heisafriendofmyfather’s（侧重我父亲朋友不只一个）
Heisafriendofmyfather（侧重说明“他”是我父亲的朋友）
b.当of之前的名词是picture等词时含义不同
Thisisapictureofmyfriend’s.这是我朋友收藏/拥有的一张照片。
Thisisapictureofmyfriend这是我朋友的一张照片。
名词练习
一．单选
1.TheChinesepeople______.
A.isagreatpeopleB.areagreatpeople
B.aregreatpeopleD.aregreatpeoples
2.Somethingwaswrongwith____car,butluckilytheyknewhowtofixit.
A.Jim’sandTom’sB.JimandTom’s
B.Jim’sandTomD.JimandTom
3.Heisafriendof_____.
A.Kate’sfather’sB.Kate’sfather
C.Father’sofKateD.Katefather’s
4.ThenewsofVictories___gotroundquickly.
A.isB.areC.havebeenD./
5.Therich___notalwayshappy.
A.areBisC.haveD.has
6.Yourtrousers____dirty,youmust___washed.
A.is,itBare,itC.is,themD.are,them
7.He,includinghisparents,____thisnovel.
A.likeB.likesC.arelikeD.islike
8.Therearethree____inourclass.
A.Zhou’sB.Zhous’C.ZhousD.Zhous’s
9.Thebridgeis____.
A.ten-metres’B.tenmetreC.ten-metersD.tenmetres
10.Mothermadeanewskirtwithtwometersof___.
A.clothesB,clothC.dressD.cloths
11.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmall___
A.oneB.copyC.pairD.set
12.Hedroppedthe___andbrokeit.
A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee’scup
C.cupcoffeeD.coffeecup
13.Let’shavea___break.
A.tenminute’sB.ten-minutes
C.tenminutes’D.tenminutes
14.___shouldbestrictwith_____.
A.Teachers,astudentB.Theteachers,students
C.Teachers,studentsD.Teachers,astudent
15.Theyplayedinthe___foranhour,andwhentheyreturned,theyfoundtheirgoods___stolen.
A.sand,wereB.sand,was
C.sands,wereD.sands,was
16.Youshouldtakemore___.Don’talwayssitatthedeskbusydoingyour_____.
A.exercise,exerciseB.exercises,exercises
C.exercises,exerciseD.exercise,exercises
17.___ismadeof____.
A.Glass,theglassB.AGlass,glass
C.Glass,glassD.AGlass,aglass
18.InBritain___areallpaintedred.
A.letterboxesB.LettersboxC.letterbox
D.lettersbox
19.Thisisanoldphotoofmymother’swhenshehad___,andnowshehas____.
A.shorthair,greyhairsB.shorthairs,greyhairs
C.shorthair,greyhairD.shorthairs,greyhair
20.Therefour____andtwo_____inthegroup.
A.Japanese,GermenB.Japanesee,Germen
C.Japanese,GermanD.Japanese,Germans
21.Thisisthefirsttimeinour__thatwehavecometoBeijing.
A.lifeB.liveC.livesD.lifes
22.Hegainedhis___byprinting___offamouswriters.
A.wealth,workB.wealths,works
C.wealths,workD.wealth,works
23.Hereismycard.Let’skeepin____.
A.connectionB.relationC.touchD.friendship
24.Ifyoudon’ttakeawayallthethingsfromthedesk,therewon’tbeenough___formystationery.
A.areaB.placeC.roomD.surface
25.Itiswidelyacceptedthatyoungbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto___.
A.rewardsB.prizesC.awardsD.results
26.Oneoftheadvantagesoflivingonthetopfloorofahighbuildingisthatyoucangetagood____.
A.sightB.sceneC.viewD.look
27.Two___teachersandfour_____studentswerepraisedatthemeetingyesterday.
A.women,girlB.woman,girl
C.woman,girlsD.women,girls
28.Toregaintheir___afteranexhaustinggame,theplayerslayonthegrass.
A.forceB.energyC.powerD.health
29.—Whatabouthavingadrink?
---___.
A.Goodidea.B.Helpyourself
B.Goahead,please.D.Me,too.
30.—It’sbeenawonderfulevening.Thankyou.
---____.
A.MypleasureB.I’mgladtohearthat
C.No,thanksD.It’sOk
31.Ifthedictionaryisnotyours,___canitbe?
A.whatelseB.WhoelseC.Whichelse’s
D.Whoelse’s
32.Theresearchhasattractedwide____coverageandhasfeaturedonBBCthetelevision’sTomorrow’sWorld.
A.mediaB.informationC.dataD.message
33.Thelawyeradvisedhimtodropthe___sincehesandslittlechancetowin.
A.eventB.incidentC.caseD.affair
34.Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookshops,willgiveyou___youneed.
A.allofinformationB.alloftheinformation
C.alltheinformationsD.alltheinformation
35.Thisisanoldphotoofmyaunt’swhenshehad___,andnowshehas____.
36.Everymeans____preventthewaterfrom_____.
A.areusedto,pollutingB.getusedto,polluting
B.isusedto,pollutedD.isusedto,beingpolluting
37.It’sbad___tospeakwithyourmouthfulloffood.
A.mannerB.mannersC.wayD.thing
38.Sheistheonlyoneamongthe___writerswho____storiesforchildren.
A.woman,writesB.women,write
D.women,writesD.woman,write
39.Thewoodcaughtfireandwassoonburnt____.
A.ashesBashC.toashesD.toash
40.Heleft___withmysec
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