CATTI一级笔译全部真题和部分参考答案Word格式.docx
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sfearswererealisedwhenBordersdeclaredbankruptcy.
"
E-bookswerethisrocketshipgoingstraightup,"
saidLenVlahos,aformerexecutivedirectoroftheBookIndustryStudyGroup,anonprofitresearchgroupthattracksthepublishingindustry."
Justabouteverybodyyoutalkedtothoughtweweregoingthewayofdigitalmusic."
Butthedigitalapocalypseneverarrived,oratleastnotonschedule.Whileanalystsoncepredictedthate-bookswouldovertakeprintby2015,digitalsaleshaveinsteadslowedsharply.
Now,therearesignsthatsomee-bookadoptersarereturningtoprintorbecominghybridreaderswhotogglebetweendevicesandpaper.E-booksalesfellby10percentinthefirstfivemonthsofthisyear,accordingtotheAssociationofAmericanPublishers,whichcollectsdatafromnearly1,200publishers.Digitalbooksaccountedlastyearforaround20percentofthemarket,roughlythesameasafewyearsago.
E-books'
decliningpopularitymaysignalthatpublishing,whilenotimmunetotechnologicalupheaval,willweatherthetidalwaveofdigitaltechnologybetterthanotherformsofmedia,likemusicandtelevision.
E-booksubscriptionservices,modelledoncompanieslikeNetflixandPandora,havestruggledtoconvertbookloversintodigitalbingereaders,andsomehaveshutdown.Salesofdedicatede-readingdeviceshaveplungedasconsumersmigratedtotabletsandsmartphones.Andaccordingtosomesurveys,youngreaderswhoaredigitalnativesstillpreferreadingonpaper.
Thesurprisingresilienceofprinthasprovidedalifttomanybooksellers.Independentbookstores,whichwerebatteredbytherecessionandcompetitionfromAmazon,areshowingstrongsignsofresurgence.TheAmericanBooksellersAssociationcounted1,712memberswithstoresin2,227locationsin2015,upfrom1,410memberswith1,660locationsfiveyearsago.
Thefactthatthedigitalsideofthebusinesshaslevelledoffhasworkedtoouradvantage,"
saidOrenTeicher,chiefexecutiveoftheAmericanBooksellersAssociation."
It'
sresultedinafarhealthierindependentbookstoremarkettodaythanwehavehadinalongtime."
Publishers,seekingtocapitaliseontheshift,arepouringmoneyintotheirprintinfrastructuresanddistribution.Hachetteadded20,000squaremetrestoitsIndianawarehouselatelastyear,andSimon&
SchusterisexpandingitsNewJerseydistributionfacilityby18,000squaremetres.
PenguinRandomHousehasinvestednearly$US100millioninexpandingandupdatingitswarehousesandspeedingupdistributionofitsbooks.Itadded34,000squaremetreslastyeartoitswarehouseinCrawfordsville,Indiana,morethandoublingthesizeofthewarehouse.
Peopletalkedaboutthedemiseofphysicalbooksasifitwasonlyamatteroftime,buteven50to100yearsfromnow,printwillbeabigchunkofourbusiness,"
saidMarkusDohle,thechiefexecutiveofPenguinRandomHouse,whichhasnearly250imprintsglobally.Printbooksaccountformorethan70percentofthecompany'
ssalesintheUnitedStates.
Thecompanybeganofferingindependentbooksellersin2011two-dayguaranteeddeliveryfromNovembertoJanuary,thepeakbookbuyingmonths.Otherbigpublishers,includingHarperCollins,havefollowedsuit.Thefasterdeliverieshaveallowedbookstorestoplacesmallerinitialordersandrestockasneeded,whichhasreducedreturnsofunsoldbooksbyabout10percent.
PenguinRandomHousehasalsodevelopedadata-drivenapproachtomanagingprintinventoryforsomeofitslargestcustomers,astrategymodeledonthewaymanufacturerslikeProcter&
Gambleautomaticallyrestocksoapandotherhouseholdgoods.Thecompanynowtracksmorethan10millionsalesrecordsadayandsiftsthroughtheminordertomakerecommendationsforhowmanycopiesofagiventitleavendorshouldorderbasedonprevioussales.
saverysimplething;
onlybooksthatareontheshelvescanbesold,"
Dohlesaid.
AtBookPeople,abookstorefoundedin1970inAustin,Texas,salesareupnearly11percentthisyearoverlast,making2015thestore'
smostprofitableyearever,saidSteveBercu,theco-owner.Hecreditsthegrowthofhisbusiness,inpart,tothestabilisationofprintandnewpracticesinthepublishingindustry,suchasPenguinRandomHouse'
sso-calledrapidreplenishmentprogramtorestockbooksquickly.
Thee-bookterrorhaskindofsubsided,"
hesaid.
Otherindependentbooksellersagreethattheyarewitnessingareversemigrationtoprint.
We'
veseenpeoplecomingback,"
saidArsenKashkashian,abookbuyeratBoulderBookStoreinBoulder,Colorado."
TheywerereadingmoreontheirKindleandnowthey'
renot,orthey'
rereadingbothways."
Digitalbookshavebeenaroundfordecades,eversincepublishersbeganexperimentingwithCD-ROMs,buttheydidnotcatchonwithconsumersuntil2008,shortlyafterAmazonreleasedtheKindle.
TheKindle,whichwasjoinedbyotherdeviceslikeKobo'
se-reader,theNookfromBarnes&
NobleandtheiPad,drewmillionsofbookbuyerstoe-readers,whichofferedseamless,instantpurchases.Publisherssawhugespikesindigitalsalesduringandaftertheholidays,afterpeoplereceivede-readersasgifts.
Butthosedouble-andtriple-digitgrowthratesplummetedase-readingdevicesfelloutoffashionwithconsumers,replacedbysmartphonesandtablets.Some12millione-readersweresoldlastyear,asteepdropfromthenearly20millionsoldin2011,accordingtoForresterResearch.Theportionofpeoplewhoreadbooksprimarilyone-readersfellto32percentinthefirstquarterof2015,from50percentin2012,aNielsensurveyshowed.
Highere-bookpricesmayalsobedrivingreadersbacktopaper.
AspublishersrenegotiatednewtermswithAmazoninthepastyearanddemandedtheabilitytosettheirowne-bookprices,manyhavestartedchargingmore.Withlittledifferenceinpricebetweena$US12.99e-bookandapaperback,someconsumersmaybeoptingfortheprintversion.
OnAmazon,thepaperbackeditionsofsomepopulartitles,likeTheGoldfinchbyDonnaTarttandAlltheLightWeCannotSeebyAnthonyDoerr,areseveraldollarscheaperthantheirdigitalcounterparts.Paperbacksalesroseby8.4percentinthefirstfivemonthsofthisyear,theAssociationofAmericanPublishersreported.
Somepublishingexecutivessaytheworldischangingtooquicklytodeclarethatthedigitaltideiswaning.
Maybeit'
sjustapausehere,"
saidCarolynReidy,thepresidentandchiefexecutiveofSimon&
Schuster."
Willthenextgenerationwanttoreadbooksontheirsmartphones,andwillweseeanotherburstcome?
TheNewYorkTimes
汉译英取自
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审稿部分没一个都有告诉你一段里面有几个错误:
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Withitspart-Mediterranean,part-desertclimate,Israelhadsufferedfromchronicshortagesandexploitationofitsnaturalwaterresourcesfordecades.
ThenaturalfreshwateratIsrael’sdisposalinanaverageyeardoesnotcoveritstotaluseofroughly525billiongallons.Thedemandforpotablewaterisprojectedtoriseto515billiongallonsby2030,from317billiongallonsthisyear.
Theturnaroundcamewithaseven-yeardrought,oneofthemostseveretohitmodernIsrael,thatbeganin2005andpeakedinthewinterof2008to2009.Thecountry’smainnaturalwatersources—theSeaofGalileeinthenorthandthemountainandcoastalaquifers—wereseverelydepleted,threateningapotentiallyirreversibledeteriorationofthewaterquality.
Measurestoincreasethesupplyandreducethedemandwereaccelerated,overseenbytheWaterAuthority,apowerfulinterministerialagencyestablishedin2007.
Desalinationemergedasonefocusofthegovernment’sefforts,withfourmajorplantsgoingintooperationoverthepastdecade.Afifthoneshouldbereadytooperatewithinmonths.Together,theywillproduceatotalofmorethan130billiongallonsofpotablewaterayear,withagoalof200billiongallonsby2020.
Israelhas,inthemeantime,becometheworldleaderinrecyclingandreusingwastewaterforagriculture.Ittreats86percentofitsdomesticwastewaterandrecyclesitforagriculturaluse—about55percentofthetotalwaterusedforagriculture.SpainissecondtoIsrael,recycling17percentofitseffluent,whiletheUnitedStatesrecyclesjust1percent,accordingtoWaterAuthoritydata.
BeforetheestablishmentoftheWaterAuthority,variousministrieswereresponsiblefordifferentaspectsofthewaterissue,eachwithitsowninterestsandlobbies.
“Therewasalotofhydro-politics,”saidEliFeinermanofthefacultyofagriculture,foodandenvironmentattheHebrewUniversityofJerusalem,whoservedforyearsasapublicrepresentativeontheaut