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第三人称单数
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
work
works
worked
working
write
writes
wrote
written
writing
have
has
had
having
do
does
did
done
doing
1.单三形式变化规则:
(1)一般动词在词尾加-s,在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音或元音后读/z/;
在t后读/ts/,在d后读/dz/。
例如:
help→helps,swim→swims
(2)以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词加-es,读/iz/,在d后读/dz/.以o结尾的动词也加es,读/z/。
guess→guesses,teach→teaches,go→goes
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es,读/z/。
fly→fliescarry→carries
2.动词-ing形式的构成:
(1)一般在动词末尾加-ing.例如:
go→going,ask→asking
(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing.例如:
write→writing,close→closing,take→taking
(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这一字母,再加-ing.例如:
get→getting,sit→sitting,put→putting,run→running,begin→beginning
3.规则动词过去式的构成
(1)一般在动词原形末尾加-ed.结尾是e的动词直接加-d.例如:
look→looked,play→played,live→lived,hope→hoped
(2)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed.例如:
stop→stopped,plan→planned,trip→tripped
(3)结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“i”再加-ed.例如:
study→studied,carry→carried
谓语
谓语的定义:
谓语一般放在主语之后,用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语通常由动词或动词短语来充当,具有各种时态,语态和语气的变化,前面还可以加上情态动词或助动词等。
如:
Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.
Iexpectyoutotakeme.
YesterdayafternoonhereachedBeijing.
Shetakescareofhesickmother.
Hehasgotridofhisbadhabit.
Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweek.
You’dbetternottakethemagazineoutofthereading-room.
Hehastogotoseeadoctor.
Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.
Wearegoingtocallonhimtonight.
Wearestudents.
Helookedabitexcited.
练习:
1.We
often
write
to
each
other.
2.Heworkshard.
3.Thesunrisesintheeast.
4.Lightgoesfasterthansound.
5.Youwillsucceedifyoutry.
6.HearrivedinHangzhouanhourago
7.Theirchildrenoftenwenthungryintheolddays.
8.Hecamelatethreetimesthisweek
9.Listen!
MaryissinginganEnglishsongintheclassroom.
10.Theyareplantingtreesonthehillthesedays.
11.TheywantedtoknowwhenwewereleavingforShanghai.
12.Theyhaveboughtacomputer.
13.Hehaslosthisbook.
14.Whenwegotthere,thefootballmatchhadalreadystarted.
15.IhadworkedinahospitalforthreeyearsbeforeIcamehere.
16.Ididn’tknowifshewouldcome.
17.Iwasn’tsurewhetherhewoulddoit.
18.Ididn’tknowifshewasgoingtocome.
19.Sorry,Iforgettoposttheletterforyou.
20.Itisdifficultformetomovethebedbymyself.
同位语
一般做主语或是宾语的同位语,句子的主干已经完整,同位语作为一个插入成份作补充说明之用。
一般同位语成份可分为前位同位语和后位同位语,即同位语分别在主词的前面和后面。
另外也有that引导的同位从句。
They
all
like
swimming.
Mr.Black,ourEnglishteacher,isagoodtennisplayer.
1.Atlast,wereachedourdestination,Hamburg.
我们最终到达了目的地——汉堡。
2.HegavehiswifeJonesawonderfulwatch。
3.All
the
things
have
two
faces,
a
light
one
and
dark
one.
一切事物都有两个方面:
光明的一面和黑暗的一面。
4.
He
always
laughed
loud
long
at
his
own
jokes,
habit
that
won
him
no
admirers.
他总是对自己所讲的笑话发出长时间的、响亮的笑声,这个习惯别人都感到讨厌。
5.Some
animals,
as
foxes
squirrels
live
in
woods.
有些动物,如狐狸和松鼠,栖息在森林里。
6.Thequestionhowtoanswerhisletterannoyedme.
怎样回他的信这个问题使我很烦恼。
高中英语插入语解析
插入语是英语口语中很常见的语法现象。
通常用一个逗号把它与句子隔开,其位置可在句首、句中或句末。
其作用是对一句话、某一个词或词组做些附加的解释和说明,或在两句之间起连结作用。
可以用作插入语的有:
不定式、分词、副词、介词短语和句子等等。
下面就中学阶段出现的插入语举例说明:
1.副词作插入语:
能用作插入语的常见的副词有:
indeed的确,certainly,surely无疑,however然而,obviously显然,frankly
坦率地说,naturally自然,luckilyforsb算某人幸运,fortunately幸好,strangely奇怪,honestly真的,briefly简单地说,generally通常地,besides
而且等。
Certainly,Iwon’tacceptsuchafoolishplan.
我当然不会采纳这个患蠢的计划
YouspeakEnglishquitefluently--indeed.
你的英语的确讲得很棒。
Happilyforhim,hisfather'
ssecondwifewaskindtohimtoo.
You'
llbeabletopassthecomingexam,surely.
Luckilyforhim,hedidn'
thurtintheaccident.
Honestly,Idon'
tneeditatthemoment.
2、形容词作插入语:
能用作插入语的常见的形容词有:
true真的,funny真可笑,strangetosay
说也奇怪,excellent,wonderful极好的mostimportantofall最为重要等。
Wonderful,ourteamhaswonagain.太好了,我们队又赢了.
True,youhavedonewell.
真的.你干得不错。
Strangetosay,shedidn'
tgohomethatday.
说也奇怪,那天她没有回家。
Thepiecesofstonewerethencarriedtothenewplaceforthetemple,60metershigherupthehill.
然后把石头搬运到寺庙的新址--比原址高出60米的山上。
Thebookcanbeenjoyedbyeveryone,youngorold.
这本书,老幼皆宜,人人能看懂。
3、介词作插入语:
能用作插入语的介词短语常见的有:
few
words(或in
sum,in
short)简而言之,in
other
words换句话说,in
sense在某种意义上,in
general一般说来,in
my
view在我看来,in
opinion(judgment)按照他的意见(判断),in
conclusion总之,in
summary概括地说,in
fact事实上,in
first
place首先,in
addition此外,of
course当然,to
our
knowledge据我们所知,to
joy(delight,
satisfaction)使我欣慰(高兴、满意)的,to
their
surprise(astonishment,
amazement)使他们惊奇的,to
her
regret
(disappointment)使她遗憾(失望)的,for
instance(或example)例如,as
matter
of
fact事实上等。
said
he
was
teacher,
but
fact,he
spy.
You
can'
t
wait
any
more,
words,
you
should
start
once.
Do
not
plant,for
example,rice
year
after
same
field.
例如,在同一块地里,不要年复一年地种稻谷。
By
way,Bob
sends
best
wishes.
顺便说一下,鲍勃给您你好了。
As
result,we
water
vegetable
garden.
结果,我们不得不给菜地浇水。
4、分词作插入语:
能用作插入语的常见的分词有:
strictly
speaking严格地说,
generally
speaking一般地说,
judging
from…根据……判断等。
Generally
speaking,
naughty
boys
speak
class.
Judging
from
look,
is
very
sick.
Provided
are
reporter,what
do?
假如你是个记者,你该怎么办?
rang
up
friends
pop
world,including
most
famous
stars.
他打电话给歌坛上的所有朋友,包括最著名的流行歌星。
Compared
with
China,
USA
smaller.
5.不定式作插入语:
能用作插入语的常见的不定式短语有:
make
worse,
tell
truth,
be
frank,
honest
tosum
up,
with,
begin
sure
等。
To
truth
I
don'
you.
说老实话
我不喜欢你
.
I
didn'
early.
it
raining
hard.
put
mildly,
mark.
conclude,
great
success.
sure,that’s
useful
book.确实,那是一本很用的书。
don’t
book
all,to
honest.
老实说,我一点也不喜欢那本书。
But
think
we’ll
give
shot,just
safe.
但是,我认为为了安全起见,还得给他一枪。
6、一些固定短语作插入语:
常见的能用作插入语的固定短语。
worse
than
all,
ever,
still,
what’s
more;
worse….
felt
hungry.
Worse
took
no
money.
It
began
rain.
had
umbrella.
7.
语句式插入语:
常见的能用作插入语的语句有:
think;
suppose,
say;
we
know,
see,
believe
or
not…I
hope,
guess,
you,
say,
I'
m
afraid,
sure,
am
sure我可以肯定地说,
believe我相信,
wonder我不知道,
know你知道,
see你明白,
is也就是说,
seems看来是,
see
it照我看来,
what
important
(serious)重要(严重)的是,I‘m
afraid恐怕,it
said据说等等,它们可以置于句中或句尾。
suggest
choose
someone
who
kind
friendly.
This
diet,
think,
will
do
good
your
health.
won'
long,
hope.
work
harder,
if
want
succeed.
won’t
come,I’m
afraid.恐怕他不来了。
right,I
think.我认为你是对的。
8.名词或代词作插入语:
England,the
largest
country
Britain,is
southeast
this
island.
英格兰是不列颠岛上最大的一个国家,位于这个岛的东南部。
Beijing,the
capital
China,is
beautiful
city.
北京,中国的首都,是一座美丽的城市。
He
advised
farmers
seed-heads,the
ones
best
color
.
他劝告农民要先选最好的谷穗,即那些颜色最好的谷穗。
Li
Ming,head
workshop,is
speaking
meeting.
李明,你的车间主任,正在会上讲话。
9.连词作插入语:
Everyone
here,whether
men
women,must
obey
rules.
这儿的每个人,无论男女,必须遵守制度。
10.省略句作插入语
The
piano
as,if
better
than,that
one.
这架钢琴,即使不比那架好,至少跟它一样好。
that,if
any,there
only
few.
1.HisspokenEnglishisverygood,indeed.
2.Strtangetosay,shehasn’tgotmyletteruptonow.
3.China,infact,isnotadevelopedcountry.
4.Totellthetruth,iamnotgoodatlanguagestudying.
5.Theywillcometohelpus,Isuppose.
6.Hewillfailintheexam,Ithink.
7.Whatdoyouthinkweshoulddofirsttoday?
8.Hewillnotpassthephysicsexam,Iamafraid.
9.Whatwouldyousuggestweshoulddonext?
10.Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustcomefromShanghai.