英语阅读综合作业与答案要点说明Word格式.docx

英语阅读综合作业与答案要点说明Word格式.docx

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3.Wheneveryouhearasound,findoutwhereitcomesfromandwhatcausesit.Wemakesoundsbymakingthingsmoveto-and-fro.Thisto-and-fromovementiscalledvibration.Itmeansmovingupanddownorforwardsandbackwardsveryfast.Thesevibrationscausetheairtovibrate.Thismakessoundwaves.

Topic:

II.Guessthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.（20分）10*2

1.Whalesareenormousanimals.Youcannotimaginehowbigsomewhalesare.

A.hugeB.funnyC.strong

2.Alcoholissomewhataddictive,sobecarefulwhenyoutakeit.Don’ttaketoomuch.

A.poisonousB.habit-formingC.healthful

3．IusuallybrowsethroughthenewspaperswhenIhavemybreakfast.

A.readquicklyB.readseriouslyC.readcarefully

4．Therehasbeenaboominexportsthisyear;

theincreaseistremendous

A.fallB.growthC.mistake

5．Heisveryleanandthusweak,comparedwithothergirlsintheclass.

A.prettyB.uglyC.thin

6.Famousforherbigsmile,shehasacheerfuldisposition.

A.methodB.disposalC.character

7.Sheisverygrumpywhenhertoothaches.Yesterday,hertoothachedagain,andshequarreledwithherfriendoveraveryunimportantthing.

A.excitedB.carefulC.bad-tempered

8.Withreluctancetheboywenttoseeadoctorwithhisfather.

A.ImpatientlyB.UnwillinglyC.Immediately

9.Thewomanteacher’smelodiousvoiceattractedthestudents’attention.

A.melancholyB.interestingC.pleasant

10.Don’tjudgeamanbythecompanyhekeeps,sometimeshemayhavefriendswhoareverydifferentfromhim.

A.organizationB.businessfirmC.friends

IIIReadingComprehension:

（50分）10*5

PassageOne

Howdidcomputingmachinesbeginanddevelop?

Theanswertothisquestionisfairlyclear.Thefirstcomputingmachine,inusemorethan5000yearsago,wasthefingersandhandsofpeople.Butthisusefulandnaturalcomputingmachinewasnotequaltokeepingtrackofallthenumbersthatpeopleneededfromtimetotime.Peopleneededbiggernumbersthanhandscouldshow;

andtheyneededtobeabletostoreandremembernumbers,withoutalwayskeepingtheirfingersincertainpositions.

Sootherideasanddevicesappeared.

Thenextideawastousesmallstonesorshells,seedsorbeads,tocountwith.Thenapersoncouldtalkaboutsomelargenumber（ofchickensinaflockorsheepinaherd）as"

thenumberofbeadsonhisstring,"

evenifhehadnosimplenameforthenumber.

However,peoplefoundittroublesometocountonlyinunits,onebyone.So,veryearly,inancientEgypt,anotherideaappeared.Thiswastheideaofchoosinganewunitequalto10oftheoldunits.Clearly,thisideacomesfromthefactthatamanhas10fingers;

andsoapersoncouldtalkaboutthenumber76byreferringtoallthefingersofsevenmenandsixmorefingersononemoreman.

Inordertohandlenumbersintheformofasetofcountedthings,itishelpfultohaveafixedplaceinwhichtolaythemout.Suchaplacemaybeasmoothpieceofground,aflatpieceofstone,oraboard.Itishelpfultoarrangelinestomarkoffplaces－oneplaceforunits,anotherplacefortens,athirdplacefortensoftens（orhundreds）,andsoon.

Butitisnotveryconvenienttouseaboard:

amongotherreasons,oftenwhenyoumovetheboard,thecountersfalloff.Sowhynotuseaframewithlittlesticks,putholesthroughthecounters,andstringthemasbeadsonthesticksintheframe?

Thissimpleinventionmakesawidelyusefulmachineforfiguring,theabacus.Itisstillthemostcommoncomputingmachineandisusedallovertheworld.

Inancienttimesanotherreallyimportantideawasnoticed－theideaofzero,thenumberofnone,ornothing.Itnamesaplaceontheboardofcountersthatisemptyofcounters.Withoutthisidea,nogoodcomputingmachinecanbemade.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thefirstcomputingmachinewasinuse______yearsago.

（a）500（b）1000（c）5000（d）10000

2.Inordertostoreandremembernumberspeopleinearliertimesmightuseallofthefollowingtocountwithexcept________.

（a）stonesorshells（b）humanhandsandfingers（c）seedsorbeads（d）animals

3.Theideaofchoosinganewunitequalto10oftheoldunitsappearedveryearlyin________.

（a）India（b）Egypt（c）Britain（d）America

4.Thelastimportantideamentionedinthepassageis________.

（a）theinventionoftheabacus（b）thebirthofagoodcomputingmachine

（c）theideaofzero（d）theideaoftensorhundreds

5.Whichofthefollowingisabettertitleforthepassageabove?

（a）TheBirthofNumbers

（b）TheIdeaofZero

（c）TheUseoftheAbacus

（d）EarlyComputingIdeasandDevices

PassageTwo

ThefirstmachinethatwouldtakeinandaddnumbersmechanicallywasmadebythegreatFrenchmathematicianandphilosopherPascalin1643.Initweresmallcounterwheelswithgears（齿轮）thatcouldbesetatanyoneoftenpositions:

0to9.Eachgearhadalittletoothonitssideforpushingthenextcounterwheelwhenitpassedfrom9to0.

Bytheendofthe1800'

s,thereweremanysmalldeskmachinesthatwouldadd,subtract,multiply,anddivide.Thesewerebeingmanufacturedwidelytomeetbusinessneedsforhandlingnumbers.

Butfiguringwasstillthoughtofasasingleoperation（运算）ofarithmetictobedoneandfinishedwith.Itwasnotthoughtofasalonglistofoperations,allofwhichcouldbegiventoamachinetocarryoutintheproperorder.Forexample,supposeyouwantedtofindouttheaverage（平均数）ofthemarksofeachof286childreninsixsubjects.Youwouldhavetocarryout286additionsofsixnumbers,divideeachsumby6,andlist286answers.Thereisagreatdealofrepetitioninthiswork;

whynotgiveallofittoamachine?

Intheearly1800s,suchamachinewasthoughtofbyCharlesBabbage,aprofessorofmathematicsatCambridgeUniversityinEngland.Heworkedformanyyearsonhisideas,butfailedintheendbecausethelevelofengineeringinhisdaywasnotgoodenough.

However,Babbage'

sideaofanautomaticcomputercameintobeingin1944atHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Massachusetts.ThemenwhomadethecomputerwereProfessorHowardAikenofHarvardandengineersoftheInternationalBusinessMachinesCorporation.Theyputtogetheranautomaticcomputerthatreallyworked,calledtheHarvardIBMMarkI.Thiswasthefirstmachinethatcouldcarryoutlonglistsoffiguringoperationsofagreatmanykinds,allintheproperorder.

6.Thefirstmechaniccomputingmachinewasborninthe_______________century.

（a）fourteenth（b）fifteenth（c）sixteenth（d）seventeenth

7.ThecomputingmachinemadebyPascal______.

（a）usedelectricityaspower

（b）hadsmallcounterwheelswithgears

（c）hadninepositions

（d）couldaddlargenumbersveryquickly

8.Intheearly1800'

s,ProfessorBabbage__________.

（a）thoughtthatfiguringwasasingleoperationofarithmetic

（b）thoughtthatalonglistofoperationscouldbedonebyamachine

（c）wasknownasthebestmathematicianofhistime

（d）inventedamachinetodocomputing

9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

（a）TheideaofanautomaticcomputeroccurredfirstinAmerica

（b）Babbagefailedtoproduceanautomaticcomputerbecauseofthelimitedlevelofengineeringinhisday.

（c）ThefirstautomaticcomputerwasborninBritain.

（d）TheHarvardIBMMarkIcoulddolonglistsoffiguringoperationsofagreatmanykinds.

10.Thepassageabovediscusses________.

（a）howCharlesBabbagetriedtoinventamoderncomputer

（b）thebirthofthefirstmechaniccomputer

（c）thedevelopmentofcomputers

（d）thefunctionsofcomputers

附答案要点

I

1.topic:

（Computernetworks） 

（Anetworklinkscomputerstogetherandallowspeopletocommunicate.）

2.topic:

（Forest） 

（Theforestpreserveswaterandprotectsthesoil.）

3.topic:

（Sound） 

（Vibrationproducessound.）

II1-5ABABC6-10CCBCC

III1-5CDBCD6-10DBBCC