全球化的利弊教程文件文档格式.docx
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∙Tomeettheincreasingdemandsthatfollowglobalization,thereisanincreaseintheproductionsector.Thisgivesloadsofoptionstothemanufacturersaswell.
∙Competitionkeepspricesrelativelylow,andasaresult,inflationislesslikelytooccur.
∙Thefocusisdivertedandsegregatedamongallthenations.Nocountryremainsthesinglepowerhead;
insteadtherearecompartmentalizedpowersectors.Thedecisionsathigherlevelsaremeantforthepeopleatlarge.
∙Communicationamongthecountriesisontherise,whichallowsforbetterunderstandingandbroadervision.
∙Ascommunicationincreasesamongsttwocountries,thereisinterchangeofculturesaswell.Wegettoknowmoreabouttheother'
sculturalpreferences.
∙Aswefeedtoeachother'
sfinancialneeds,theecologicalimbalanceisalsometedout.Governmentsofcountriesshowconcernabouteachother.
ConsOfGlobalization
∙GlobalizationiscausingEuropeanstolosetheirjobsasworkisbeingoutsourcedtotheAsiancountries.ThecostoflaborintheAsiancountriesislowascomparedtoothercountries.
∙Thehighrateofprofitforthecompanies,inAsia,hasresultedinapressureontheemployedEuropeans,whoarealwaysunderthethreatofthebusinessbeingoutsourced.
∙Companiesareasopeningtheircounterpartsinothercountries.Thisresultsintransferringthequalityoftheirproducttoothercountries,therebyincreasingthechancesofdepreciationintermsofquality.
∙Thereareexpertswhobelievethatglobalizationisthecausefortheinvasionofcommunicablediseasesandsocialdegenerationincountries.
∙Thethreatthatthecorporateswouldruletheworldisonhigh,asthereisalotofmoneyinvestedbythem.
∙Itisoftenarguedthatpoorcountriesareexploitedbytherichercountrieswheretheworkforceistakenadvantageofandlowwagesareimplemented.
Simplyput,globalizationisanongoingprocessofintegrationofregionaleconomiesintoglobalnetworkofcommunicationandexecution.Letmeexplainthisabit.AssumethatyouareamangofarmerinIndiaandyougrowverygoodqualitymangoesoverthere.Obviously,yourfruitishighlyappreciatedinIndia,butyoualsoknowthatyoushallgetabettervalueinUS.SothenetworkofcommunicationandexecutionthatallowsyoutosellyourfruitinUSisbasically,thephenomenonofglobalization.(AtleasttheIndianfarmerishappyaboutadvantagesofglobalizationinIndia,heisearningaquickbuck.)TheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofglobalizationinIndiaandotherdevelopingcountriesareveryprofound.Readmoreonadvantagesofglobalization.
Globalization:
AdvantagesandDisadvantages
Insteadofgivingafewpointershereandafewpointersthere,explanationontheseconceptsshoulddomorejusticetothesubject.Havealookatthefollowing
AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofGlobalMarketing
Therehastobeoperationaldifferencesbetweenvariouscompaniesindifferentcountries.WhatImeantosayis,acarmanufacturerofUKwillmanufactureacarwithadifferentoperationthanacarmanufacturerinItaly(forexampleJaguarandFerrari).Botharetryingtotakeadvantageoftheoperationaldifferencethattheyhavebetweenthem.AndbothcompaniesaretryingtosellacarinAmericaforagreatervalue.Soifyouwantyourproducttohaveanappealonaglobalscale,thenobviously,marketingonaglobalscaleisrequired.
AdvantagesofGlobalMarketing
∙LowerMarketingCosts:
Ifyouaretoconsiderlump-somecostthen,yes,itishigh,butthesamecostevengoesevenhigherifthecompanyhastomarketaproductdifferentlyineverycountrythatitisselling.
∙GlobalScope:
Scopeofthiskindofmarketingissolargethatitbecomesauniqueexperience.
∙BrandimageConsistency:
Globalmarketingallowsyoutohaveaconsistentimageineveryregionthatyouchoosetomarket.
∙QuickandEfficientUseofIdeas:
Aglobalentityisabletouseamarketingideaandmoulditintoastrategytoimplementonaglobalscale.
∙UniformityinMarketingPractices:
Aglobalentitycankeepsomedegreeofuniformityinmarketingthroughouttheworld.
DisadvantagesofGlobalMarketing
∙InconsistencyinConsumerNeeds:
AmericanconsumerwillbedifferentfromtheSouthAfrican.Globalmarketingshouldbeabletoaddressthat.
∙ConsumerResponseInconsistency:
Consumerinonecountrymayreactdifferentlythanaconsumerinanothercountry.
∙CountrySpecificBrandandProduct:
AJapanesemightlikeaproducttohaveatraditionaltouch,whereasanAmericanmightliketoaddaretromodernlooktoit.Inthiscase,aglobalstrategyisdifficulttodevice.
∙TheLawsoftheLandHavetobeConsidered:
Originalcompanypoliciesmaybeaccordingtothelawsofhomecountries.Theoverseaslawsmaybeconflictinginthesepolicies.
∙InfrastructuralDifferences:
Infrastructuremaybehamperingtheprocessinonecountryandacceleratinginanother.Globalstrategycannotbeconsistentinsuchascenario.
AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofGlobalizationinDevelopingCountries
Overallglobalizationhasbeenabigboonforthedevelopingcountries,butthereareafewwhosaythatithasbeenacurse.Letustakealookatboththeseaspectsofglobalization.
TheAdvantages
∙GDPIncrease:
Ifthestatisticsareanyindication,GDPofthedevelopingcountrieshaveincreasedtwiceasmuchasbefore.
∙PercapitaIncomeIncrease:
Thewealthhashadatricklingeffectonthepoor.Theaverageincomehasincreasedtothriceasmuch.
∙UnemploymentisReduced:
ThisfactisquiteevidentwhenyoulookatcountrieslikeIndiaandChina.
∙EducationhasIncreased:
Globalizationhasbeenacatalysttothejobsthatrequirehigherskillset.Thisdemandallowedpeopletogainhighereducation.
∙CompetitiononEvenPlatform:
Thecompaniesallaroundtheworldarecompetingonasingleglobalplatform.Thisallowsbetteroptionstoconsumers.
TheDisadvantages
∙UnevenDistributionofWealth:
Wealthisstillconcentratedinthehandsofafewindividualsandacommonmaninadevelopingcountryisyettoseeanymajorbenefitsofglobalization.
∙IncomeGapBetweenDevelopedandDevelopingCountries:
Wealthofdevelopedcountriescontinuestogrowtwiceasmuchasthedevelopingworld.
∙DifferentWageStandardsforDevelopingCountries:
Atechnologyworkermaygetmorevalueforhisworkinadevelopedcountrythanaworkerinadevelopingcountry.
∙ReversalofGlobalization:
Infuture,factorssuchaswarmaydemandthereversaloftheglobalization(asevidentininterworldwaryears),currentprocessofglobalizationmayjustbeimpossibletoreverse.Youcanalsoliketoreadmoreonprosandconsofglobalization.
∙Globalizationisacommonlyusedtermtorepresentthedisseminationofpractices,notionsandtechnologiesacrosstheglobe.Nationsarealsolookingatafreeeconomywithafreemarketforgoodsandservices.Thishasbroughtforthde-localizationandriseinthemultinationalcorporations.Therearebothprosandconsforglobalization.
MoreLiquidityinCapitalandReducedFinancialRisk
∙Globalizationimpliesfreetrade,andfreetradeinvolvesanincreasedcashflow.Whenthefinancialflowincreases,redistributionofcapitaltakesplaceandthusthereismoreliquidityincapital.Inpost-globalization,thefinancialinstitutionsandmarketshaveawidereachthatcreatesacapabilitytodispersetheriskmoreextensivelythanbefore.Onemajoradvantageofglobalizationisthattheinvestorshavetheprivilegetotakeonlythefinancialrisktheywishto.
EconomicalAdvantage
∙Globalizationinvolvesde-localization,whichmeansthatmostoftheactivitiesofabusinessarenowdoneacrossdistances.Themultinationalshiretheirworkforcefromoverseassoastoobtaininexpensivelabor.Thisleadstohigheremploymentrateinthedevelopingcountries,thusimprovingtheireconomies.Theinvestorscanalsoinvestmoneyinthedevelopingcountries.Therefore,theflowofcommunicationsisincreasedacrosstheglobe,whichinturnbringsfortheconomicadvantage.Inotherwords,globalizationallowsanincreasedflowofcommunicationacrosstheworld,whichensuressharingofindispensableinformationbetweenindividualsandtheorganizations.Thisuseoftechnologyincommunicationsavestime,whichinturnsavesmoneyforthecorporations.Thus,themultinationalcanbecomeprofitablebytheuseofthenewmeansofcommunication.Besides,globalizationprovidesspeedytransportationofgoodsaswellaspeople.Thisinturnbringsforthobviouseconomicadvantageforthecorporations.
InterdependabilityetweenNations
∙Thedisadvantagesofglobalizationarecloselylinkedtoit