六级阅读考试题Word格式文档下载.docx

六级阅读考试题Word格式文档下载.docx

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packing,goingthroughsecurity,doingalast-minuteworkcall,callingeachother,thenboardingtheplane.Then,whenwetrytohavethatamazingworksessioninflight,wegetnothingdone.Evenworse,afterrefreshingouremailorreadingthesamestudiesoverandover,wearetooexhaustedwhenwelandtosoldieronwith（继续处理）theemailsthathaveinevitablystillpiledup.

B）Whyshouldflyingdepleteus?

We'

rejustsittingtheredoingnothing.Whycan'

twebetougher,moreresilient（有复原力的）anddeterminedinourworksowecanaccomplishaltofthegoalswesetforourselves?

Basedonourcurrentresearch,wehavecometorealizethattheproblemisnotourhecticscheduleortheplanetravelitself;

theproblemcomesfromamisconceptionofwhatitmeanstoberesilient,andtheresultingimpactofoverworking.

C）Weoftentakeamilitaristic,“tough”approachtoresilienceanddeterminationlikeaMarinepullinghimselfthroughthemud,aboxergoingonemoreround,orafootballplayerpickinghimselfupoffthegroundforonemoreplay.Webelievethatthelongerwetoughitout,thetougherweare,andthereforethemoresuccessfulwewillbe.However,thisentireconceptionisscientificallyinaccurate.

D）Theverylackofarecoveryperiodisdramaticallyholdingbackourcollectiveabilitytoberesilientandsuccessful.Researchhasfoundthatthereisadirectcorrelationbetweenlackofrecoveryandincreasedincidenceofhealthandsafetyproblems.Andlackofrecovery—whetherbydisruptingsleepwiththoughtsofworkorhavingcontinuouscognitivearousalbywatchingourphones—iscostingourcompanies$62billionayearinlostproductivity.

E）Andjustbecauseworkstops,itdoesn’tmeanwearerecovering.We“stop”worksometimesat5pm,butthenwespendthenightwrestlingwithsolutionstoworkproblems,talkingaboutourworkoverdinner,andfallingasleepthinkingabouthowmuchworkwe’lldotomorrow.Inastudyjustreleased,researchersfromNorwayfoundthat7.8%ofNorwegianshavebecomeworkaholics（工作狂）.Thescientistsciteadefinitionof“workaholism”as“beingoverlyconcernedaboutwork，drivenbyanuncontrollableworkmotivation,andinvestingsomuchtimeandeffortinworkthatitimpairsotherimportantlifeareas.”

F）WebelievethatthenumberofpeoplewhofitthatdefinitionincludesthemajorityofAmericanworkers,whichpromptedustobeginastudyofworkaholismintheU.S.Ourstudywillusealargecorporatedatasetfromamajormedicalcompanytoexaminehowtechnologyextendsourworkinghoursandthusinterfereswithnecessarycognitiverecovery,resultinginhugehealthcarecostsandturnovercostsforemployers.

G）Themisconceptionofresilienceisoftenbredfromanearlyage.Parentstryingtoteachtheirchildrenresiliencemightcelebrateahighschoolstudentstayingupuntil3amtofinishasciencefairproject.Whatadistortionofresilience!

Aresilientchildisawell-restedone.Whenanexhaustedstudentgoestoschool，heriskshurtingeveryoneontheroadwithhisimpaireddriving;

hedoesn’thavethecognitiveresourcestodowellonhisEnglishtest;

hehaslowerself-controlwithhisfriends;

andathome,heismoodywithhisparents.Overworkandexhaustionaretheoppositeofresilienceandthebadhabitsweacquirewhenwe’reyoungonlymagnifywhenwehittheworkforce.

H）AsJimLoehrandTonySchwartzhavewritten,ifyouhavetoomuchtimeintheperformancezone,youneedmoretimeintherecoveryzone,otherwiseyouriskburnout.Gatheringyourresourcesto“tryhard”requiredburningenergyinordertoovercomeyourcurrentlylowarousallevel.Italsoworsensexhaustion.Thusthemoreimbalancedwebecomeduetooverworking,themorevaluethereisinactivitiesthatallowustoreturntoastateofbalance.Thevalueofarecoveryperiodrisesinproportiontotheamountofworkrequiredofus.

I）Sohowdowerecoverandbuildresilience?

Mostpeopleassumethatifyoustopdoingatasklikeansweringemailsorwritingapaper,yourbrainwillnaturallyrecover,sothatwhenyoustartagainlaterinthedayorthenextmorning,you’llhaveyourenergyback.Butsurelyeveryonereadingthishashadtimeswhenyoulieinbedforhours,unabletofallasleepbecauseyourbrainisthinkingaboutwork.Ifyoulieinbedforeighthours,youmayhaverested,butyoucanstillfeelexhaustedthenextday.That’sbecauserestandrecoveryarenotthesamething.

J）Ifyou’retryingtobuildresilienceatwork,youneedadequateinternalandexternalrecoveryperiods.AsresearchersZijlstra,CropleyandRydstedtwriteintheir2014paper:

“Internalrecoveryreferstotheshorterperiodsofrelaxationthattakeplacewithintheframesoftheworkdayortheworksettingintheformofshortscheduledorunscheduledbreaks,byshiftingattentionorchangingtootherworktaskswhenthementalorphysicalresourcesrequiredfortheinitialtaskaretemporarilydepletedorexhausted.Externalrecoveryreferstoactionsthattakeplaceoutsideofwork—e.g.inthefreetimebetweentheworkdays,andduringweekends,holidaysorvacations.”Ifafterworkyouliearoundonyourbedandgetirritatedbypoliticalcommentaryonyourphoneorgetstressedthinkingaboutdecisionsabouthowtorenovateyourhome,yourbrainhasnotreceivedabreakfromhighmentalarousalstates.Ourbrainsneedarestasmuchasourbodiesdo.

K）Ifyoureallywanttobuildresilience,youcanstartbystrategicallystopping.Giveyourselftheresourcestobetoughbycreatinginternalandexternalrecoveryperiods.AmyBlanksondescribeshowtostrategicallystopduringthedaybyusingtechnologytocontroloverworking.ShesuggestsdownloadingtheInstantorMomentappstoseehowmanytimesyouturnonyourphoneeachday.YoucanalsouseappslikeOfftimeorUnpluggedtocreatetechfreezonesbystrategicallyschedulingautomaticairplanemodes.Theaveragepersonturnsontheirphone150timeseveryday.Ifeverydistractiontookonly1minute,thatwouldaccountfor2.5hoursaday.

L）Inaddition,youcantakeacognitivebreakevery90minutestochargeyourbatteries.Trytonothavelunchatyourdesk,butinsteadspendtimeoutsideorwithyourfriends—nottalkingaboutwork.Takeallofyourpaidtimeoff,whichnotonlygivesyourecoveryperiods,hutraisesyourproductivityandlikelihoodofpromotion.M）Asforus,we’vestartedusingourplanetimeasawork-freezone,andthustimetodipintotherecoveryphase.Theresultshavebeenfantastic.Weareusuallytiredalreadybythetimewegetonaplane,andthecrowdedspaceandunstableinternetconnectionmakeworkmorechallenging.Now,insteadofswimmingupstream,werelax,sleep,watchmovies,orlistentomusic.Andwhenwegetofftheplane,insteadofbeingdepleted,wefeelrecoveredandreadytoreturntotheperformancezone.

36.Ithasbeenfoundthatinadequaterecoveryoftenleadstopoorhealthandaccidents.

37.Mentalrelaxationismuchneeded,justasphysicalrelaxationis.

38.Adequaterestnotonlyhelpsonerecover,butalsoincreasesone’sworkefficiency.

39.Theauthoralwayshasahectictimebeforetakingaflight.

40.Recoverymaynottakeplaceevenifoneseemstohavestoppedworking.

41.Itisadvisedthattechnologybeusedtopreventpeoplefromoverworking.

42.Contrarytopopularbelief,restdoesnotequalrecovery.

43.Theauthorhascometoseethathisproblemresultsfromamisunderstandingofthemeaningofresilience.

44.People’sdistortedviewaboutresiliencemayhavedevelopedfromtheirupbringing.

45.Peopletendtothinkthemoredeterminedtheyare,thegreatertheirsuccesswillbe.

Passageone

Childrenwithattentionproblemsinearlychildhoodwere40%lesslikelytograduatefromhighschool,saysanewstudyfromDukeUniversity.

Thestudyincluded386kindergartenersfromschoolsintheFastTrackProject,amulti-siteclinicaltrialintheU.S.thatin1991begantrackinghowchildrendevelopedacrosstheirlives.

Withthisstudy,researchersexaminedearlyacademicattentionandsocio-emotionalskillsandhoweachcontributedtoacademicsuccessintoyoungadulthood.

Theyfoundthatearlyattentionskillswerethemostconsistentpredictorofacademicsuccess,andthatlikabilitybypeersalsohadamodesteffectonacademicperformance.

Byfifthgrade,childrenwithearlyattentiondifficultieshadlowergradesandreadingachievementscoresthantheirpeers.Asfifth-graders,childrenwithearlyattentionproblemsobtainedaveragereadingscoresatleast3%lowerthantheircontemporaries'

andgradesatleast8%lowerthanthoseoftheirpeers.ThiswasaftercontrollingforIQ，socio-economicstatusandacademicskillsatschoolentry.

Althoughthesemaynotseemlikelargeeffects,theimpactofearlyattentionproblemscontinuedthroughoutthechildren’sacademiccareers.Lowerreadingachievementscoresandgradesinfifthgradecontributedtoreducedgradesinmiddleschoolandtherebycontributedtoa40%lowerhighschoolgraduationrate.

‘Thechildrenweidentifiedashavingattentiondifficultieswerenotdiagnosedwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder（注意力缺乏多动症）（ADHD），althoughsomemayhavehadthedisorder.Ourfindingssuggestthatevenmoremodestattentiondifficultiescanincreasetheriskofnegativeacademicoutcomes,’’saidDavidRabiner,anassociatedeanofDuke’sTrinityCollegeofArts&

Sciences,whoseresearchhasfocusedonADHDandinterventionstoimproveacademicperformancei