专业四级考前恶补阅读完型Word文档下载推荐.docx
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C.nor
D.never
2.
A.shiftingB.transferringC.alteringD.transforming
3.
A.any
B.someC.anythingD.something
4.A.serious
B.apparent
C.severe
D.fatal
通读全文后可知，这是一篇有关科普知识的短文，一般来说科普知识文章以客观陈述为突出特点，用词比较正式，句子结构比较严密，因此在选择时要在宏观上考虑到这些因素。
比如第四空，从科学常识可知，缺乏任何一种维生素都不至于使疾病严重（serious）、致命（fatal），故应排除选项A和D。
severe（严厉的）不能用来修饰疾病。
因此，选Bapparent既合乎句意，搭配又得当。
另外，完形填空的空格没有任何一个是孤立地存在的，必须把它们放在文章的语言环境中进行逐个推敲，同时利用自己对各种材料描写、陈述内容的了解，作出正确选择。
PART
Ⅰ
Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldcorrectlycompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.MarkthecorrectchoiceforeachblankonyourANSWERSHEET.TheUnitedStatesiswell-knownforitsnetworkofmajorhighwaysdesignedtohelpadrivergetfromoneplacetoanotherintheshortestpossibletime.___1___thesewidemodernroadsaregenerally___2___
andwellmaintained,with___3___
sharpcurvesandstraightsections,adirectrouteisnotalwaysthemost___4___
one.Largehighwaysoftenpass___5___
scenicareasandinterestingsmalltowns.Furthermore,thesehighwaysgenerally___6___
largeurbancenters,whichmeansthattheybecomecrowdedwith___7___
trafficduringrushhours,___8___
the“fast,direct”routebecomesaveryslowroute.However,thereisalmostalwaysanotherroutetotake___9___
youarenotinahurry.Notfarfromthe___10___
new“superhighways”,thereareoftenolder,___11___
heavilytraveledroadswhichgothroughthecountryside.___12___
ofthesearegoodtwo-laneroads;
othersareunevenroadscurvingthroughthecountry.Thesesecondaryroutesmaygoupsteepslopes,alonghigh___13___,ordownfrighteninghillsidetotowns___14___
indeepvalleys.Throughtheselessdirectroutes,longerandslower,theygenerallygotoplaces___15___
theairiscleanandsceneryisbeautiful,andthedrivermayhaveachancetogetafresh,cleanviewoftheworld.
1.A.Although
B.Since
C.Because
D.Therefore
2.A.stable
B.splendid
C.smooth
D.complicated
3.A.little
B.few
C.much
D.many
4.A.terribleB.possible
C.enjoyableD.profitable
5.A.to
B.into
C.over
D.by
6.A.lead
B.connectC.collect
D.communicate
7.A.large
B.fast
C.high
D.heavy
8.A.when
B.for
C.but
D.that
9.A.unless
B.if
C.as
D.since
10.A.relatively
B.regularlyC.respectivelyD.reasonably
11.A.and
B.less
C.more
D.or
12.A.All
B.SeveralC.Lots
D.Some
13.A.rocks
B.cliffs
C.roadsD.paths
14.A.lying
B.laying
C.laid
D.lied
15.A.thereB.when
C.whichD.where
Ⅱ
SECTION
A
READINGCOMPREHENSION［25MIN.］
Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyfifteenquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthecorrectanswer.
MarkyourchoiceonyourANSWERSHEET.
TEXTA
Beforethemid1860’s,theimpactoftherailroadsintheUnitedStateswaslimited,inthesensethatthetracksendedatthisMissouriRiver,approximatelythecenterofthecountry.Atthepointthetrainsturnedtheirfreight,mail,andpassengersovertosteamboats,wagons,andstagecoaches.Thismeantthatwagonfreighting,stagecoaching,andsteamboatingdidnotcometoanendwhenthefirsttrainappeared;
rathertheybecamesupplementsorfeeders.Eachnew“endoftrack”becameacenterforanimaldrawnorwaterbornetransportation.Themajoreffectoftherailroadwastoshortenthedistancethathadtobecoveredbytheolder,slower,andmorecostlymeans.Wagonfreighterscontinuedoperatingthroughoutthe1870’sand1880’sandintothe1890’s.Althoughoverconstantlyshrinkingroutes,andcoachesandwagonscontinuedtocrisscrosstheWestwherevertherailshadnotyetbeenlaid.Thebeginningofamajorchangewasforeshadowedinthelater1860’s,whentheUnionPacificRailroadatlastbegantobuildwestwardfromtheCentralPlainscityofOmahatomeettheCentralPacificRailroadadvancingeastwardfromCaliforniathroughtheformidablebarrieroftheSierraNevada.AlthoughPresidentAbrahamLincolnsignedtheoriginalPacificRailroadbillin1862andarevised,financiallymuchmoregenerousversionin1864,littleconstructionwascompleteduntil1865ontheCentralPacificand1866ontheUnionPacific.TheprimaryreasonwasskepticismthataRailroadbuiltthroughsochallengingandthinlysettledastretchofdesert,mountain,andsemiaridplaincouldpayaprofit.Inthewordsofaneconomist,thiswasacaseof“prematureenterprise”,wherenotonlythecostofconstructionbutalsotheveryhighriskdeterredprivateinvestment.IndiscussingthePacificRailroadbill,thechairofthecongressionalcommitteebluntlystatedthatwithoutgovernmentsubsidynoonewouldundertakesounpromisingaventure;
yetitwasanationalnecessitytolinkEastandWesttogether.
16.
Theauthorreferstotheimpactofrailroadsbeforethelate1860’sas“limited”because____.
A.
thetrackdidnottakethedirectroutefromonecitytothenext
B.passengersandfreighthadtotransfertoothermodesoftransportationtoreachwesterndestinations
C.passengerspreferredstagecoaches
D.railroadtravelwasquiteexpensive
17.
Whatcanbeinferredaboutcoachesandwagonfreightersastherailroad
expanded?
Theydevelopedcompetingroutes.
B.Theirdriversrefusedtoworkfortherailroads.
C.Theybegantospecializeinprivateinvestment.
D.Therewereinsufficientnumbersoftrainedpeopletooperatethem.
18.
WhydoestheauthormentiontheSierraNevadainline17?
ToarguethatamoredirectroutetotheWestcouldhavebeentaken.
B.ToidentifyahistoricallysignificantmountainrangeintheWest.
C.Topointoutthelocationofaserioustrainaccident.
D.Togiveanexampleofanobstaclefacedbythecentralpacific.
19.
Theword“subsidy”inline27isclosestinmeaningto
_____.
A.persuasionB.financingC.explanationD.penalty
TEXTB
Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.Alllivingcreature,especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?
Forsomefiftymillionyears,despiteallitseccentricities,theseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeet,underrocksinshallowwater,oronthesurfaceofmudflats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshores,ithastheabilitytosuckupmudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent.Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolors,rangingfromblacktoreddishbrowntosandcolorandnearlywhite.Oneformevenhasvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumbershaped—hencetheirname—andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitants,thisshape,combinedwithflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents.Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomequiescentandliveatalowmetabolicrate—feedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiods,sothatthemarineorganismsthatprovidetheirfoodhaveachancetomultiply.Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty,theywoulddevourallthefoodavailableinashorttimeandwouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence.Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs,whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintowater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched;
itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorifthewaterbecomestoopolluted.
20.
Accordingtothepassage,whyistheshapeofseacucumbersimportant?
A.Ithelpsthemtodigesttheirfood.
B.Ithelpsthemtoprotectthemselvesfromdanger.
C.Itmakesiteasierforthemtomovethroughthemud.
D.Itmakesthemattractivetofish.
21.
Thefourthparagraphofthepassageprimarilydiscusses____.
A.thereproductionofseacucumbers
B.thefoodsourcesofseacucumbers
C.theeatinghabitsofseacucumbers
D.threatstoseacucumbers’existence
22.
Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedefencemechanismsoftheseacucumber?
A.Theyareverysensitivetosurroundingstimuli.
B.Theyarealmostuseless.
C.Theyrequiregroupcooperation.
D.Theyaresimilartothoseofmostseacreatures.
23.
WhichofthefollowingwouldNOTcauseaseacucumbertoreleaseits
internal
organsintothewater?
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