全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题校对版Word文件下载.docx
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4
:
apatientparent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,
5
everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy
6
.Sometimes,parentsgetexhaustedandareunabletomaintaina
7
stylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.
You'
reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan
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youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe
9
happens:
Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwastoo
10
anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould
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theclockandstartover.We'
veallbeenthere.
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eventhoughit'
scommon,it'
svitaltokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay
13
foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso
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yourchild'
sself-esteem.
Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour
15
withyourkids,thenyouaremodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe
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ofmodelingpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytomaintainemotionalcontrolwhen
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bystressisoneofthemostsignificantofalllife’sskills.
Certainly,it'
s
18
tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourkids.Amorepracticalgoalistotrytobeascalmasyoucanwhenfacedwith
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situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:
Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand
20
fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.
l.A.pleasantB.trickyC.tediousD.instructive
2.A.atonceB.inadditionC.forexampleD.byaccident
3.A.FortunatelyB.OccasionallyC.AccordinglyD.Eventually
4.A.amuseB.trainC.assistD.describe
5.A.onceB.becauseC.unlessD.while
6.A.choiceB.answerC.taskD.access
7.A.formalB.tolerantC.rigidD.critical
8.A.moveB.sendC.dragD.push
9.A.inevitableB.illogicalC.mysteriousD.suspicious
10.A.boringB.harshC.naiveD.vague
11.A.turnbackB.takeapartC.setasideD.coverup
12.A.OverallB.InsteadC.OtherwiseD.However
13.A.believeB.regretC.missD.like
14.A.justifyB.raiseC.affectD.reflect
15.A.bondB.timeC.raceD.cool
16.A.natureB.secretC.contextD.importance
17.A.confrontedB.defeatedC.cheatedD.confused
18.A.strangeB.terribleC.hardD.wrong
19.A.excitingB.tryingC.surprisingD.changing
20.A.withdrawB.hideC.emergeD.escape
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）
Text1
Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssotheycanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LalehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.
Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat---onesocialandoneasocial---forfourdays.
Therobotratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheelstomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.
Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcagedoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside.
Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviorslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.
"
Ratshavebeenshowntoengageinmultipleformsofreciprocalhelpandcooperation,includingwhatisreferredtoasdirectreciprocity---wherearatwillhelpanotherratthathaspreviouslyhelpedthem,"
saysQuinn.
Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels."
We'
dassumedwe'
dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputascentonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn'
tnecessary,"
saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.
Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsarctosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals."
Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,"
saysWiles.
21.Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan.
A.pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats
B.distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone
C.attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining
D.sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow
22.Whatdidtheasocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?
A.Itfollowedthesocialrobot.
B.Itplayedwithsometoys.
C.Itsetthetrappedratsfree.
D.Itmovedaroundalone.
23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey.
A.triedtopracticeameansofescape
B.expectedittodothesameinreturn
C.wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence
D.consideredthataninterestinggame
24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats.
A.canrememberotherrats'
facialfeatures
B.differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes
C.respondmoretoactionsthantolooks
D.canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels
25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats.
A.appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings
B.arcmoresociallyactivethanotheranimals
C.behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing
D.aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected
Text2
ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup---toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970s,CEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%.ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesabout$18.9millionayear.
ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica'
shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It’snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy.
Today’sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymoreskillsthansimplybeingableto"
runthecompany”.CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere'
sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfairlymind-boggling.Plus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebecomingtechcompanies,oftenwiththeirownresearchanddevelopment.Andbeyondthis,majorCEOsstillhavetodoalltheday-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.
ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn'
texplainhistoryverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovernancehasbecomealottighterandmorerigoroussincethe1970s.YetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodofstrongergovernancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisinthebroadercorporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs.
Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothecozyinsiderpicks,anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationattheexpenseoftherestofthecompany.AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO.
26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?
A.Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies
D.Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations
C.Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy
D.Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms
27.Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today’sCEOsarerequiredto.
A.operatemoreglobalizedcompanies
B.financemoreresearchanddevelopment
C.establishclosertieswithtechcompanies
D.fosterastrongersenseofteamwork
28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970s
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