4 Unit10Word格式.docx

4 Unit10Word格式.docx

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Thegovernmentisdoingsomethingatlastaboutsexdiscriminationintheworkplace.Womendeservethesamepayasmenforthesamework.

Yeah.IntheUnitedStates,womenearnonly70percentofwhatmendoforthesamejob.It’sasituationthathastobechanged.

Whatdoesthemansayaboutwomen?

3.Script

IadmireMichaelDell.Hehadadreamtobetheworld’slargestmanufacturerofpersonalcomputers,andhehasrealizedthatdream.

Andhedroppedoutofuniversitytobecomeasuccess.Iwonderifthereisalessoninthat.

WhatdowelearnaboutDellfromtheconversation?

4.Script

Successfulentrepreneursareoftenself-madepeoplewhohaveavisionandknowwheretheyaregoing.

Butdotheyenjoylifelikeyouandme,orismoneytheironlyconcern?

Whatarethetwospeakers’attitudestowardsuccessfulentrepreneurs?

5.Script

Doyouagreethatequalopportunityforallinaneducationalsystemisimportant?

Yes,butwehavetorecognizethatallofusarenotofequalability.

Whatdoesthemanimply?

Keys:

1.C2.A3.D4.B5.A

III.ListeningIn

Task1:

CompetitioninAmerica

Script

Alan:

Whatareyoureading,Eliza?

Eliza:

AnarticleonAmericancompetition.

Competitioniseverywhereandconstant.Whysomuchfussaboutit,MissKnowledge?

Don’tmakefunofme.Accordingtotheauthor,competitionisespeciallyimportantinAmericanlife.They’retaughttocompetefromearlychildhood.Whenchildrenplaygames,theylearnhowtobeatothers.

Andmanygirlswanttolookmoreattractivethanthegirlssittingnexttotheminclass.Doyouthinkthatway?

Don’tbesilly.Let’sgetbacktothepoint.Whenchildrenaregrowingup,theycompetewithoneanotherintheirstudies.

Isn’tthatalsotrueofstudentsinothernations?

Asweallknow,manyAsianstudentskillforahightestscoreandgrabeveryopportunitytosharpentheircompetitiveedgeoverothers.

Americanboysfindgreatpleasureincompetingwitheachotherinsports,accordingtotheauthor.

Idolikesports.Whenourfootballteambeatstheotherteam,Ifeelgreat.Makesmewanttoshoutoutloud.Butisn’tthatnormalthroughouttheworld?

Americanpeoplealsocompetewitheachotheratworkandatclimbingthesocialladder.

Butthere’scompetitioninothercountriesaswell.

You’rerightinasense,buttheauthorsaystheideaofcompetingismoredeeplyrootedinthemindsofAmericans.They’reeventaughtthatifyouloseanddon’tfeelhurt,theremustbesomethingwrongwithyou.

IhearthatsomeAsiansputemphasisoncooperation.Whichapproachdoyouthinkmakesmoresense?

It’shardtosay.Anyway,there’snoaccountingfordifferentcultures.

1.Whatisthedialogmainlyabout?

2.Whatisthewomandoing?

3.Whatdochildrenlearnfromplayinggamesaccordingtothewoman?

4.Whatdoesthemansayaboutstudents’studies?

5.Whatdoesthewomansaywhenaskedwhichmakesmoresense,competitionorcooperation?

1.C2.A3.C4.B5.D

Task2:

Americans’WorkEthic

Forfourhundredyearsormore,onethinghasbeenacharacteristicofAmericans.Itiscalledtheir“workethic”.Its（S1）rootswereintheteachingoftheChristianPuritanswhofirstsettledin（S2）whatisnowthenortheasternstateofMassachusetts.Theybelievedthatitwastheir（S3）moraldutytoworkateverytasktopleaseGodbytheir

（S4）diligence,honesty,attentiontodetails,skill,andattitude.TothesePuritans,itwasa（S5）sintobelazyortodolessthanyourbestinanytask.TheyandlaterAmericanstriedtofollowtheBible’s（S6）teachings,“Ifamanwillnotwork,heshallnoteat.”

Therefore,Americanshavefor（S7）centuriesbelievedthattheywereguiltyofsiniftheydidnotworkascarefullyandhardastheycouldwhentheydidanything.Godwouldpunishthosewhowerecarelessorlazyintheirwork.（S8）Evenaschildrentheyweretaught,“Ifit’sworthdoingatall,it’sworthdoingwell.”

Butsomepeoplehavegonebeyondtheusualsenseofdiligence.Theyareespeciallyattractedtothenotionof“climbingtheladder”soastoincreasetheirstatus,financialposition,andsenseofself-worth.（S9）InEnglishanewwordhasbeencreatedtodescribepeoplewhoworkcompulsivelly.Theword“workaholic”describesanindividualwhoisasaddictedtoworkasanalcoholicistoalcohol.

Thereareconflictingpointsofviewaboutworkaholics.Thoseconcernedwithproblemsofmentalstressbelieveworkaholicsabusethemselvesphysicallyandmentally.（S10）Othersholdthatworkaholicsarevaluablemembersofsocietybecausetheyareextremelyproductive.TheAmericanculturevaluesachievement,efficiency,andproduction,andaworkaholicupholdsthesevalues.

Task3:

Doyouknowwhat“Freeze!

”means?

ThereisonewordwhichyoumustlearnbeforeyouvisittheU.S.A.Thatis“Freeze!

”Itmeans,“Standstillanddon’tmove.”Policeofficersuseitwhentheyarereadytousetheirguns.Ifthepersondoesnotobeythecommandandmoves,theyshoot.

OneeveninginLosAngeles,someonerangthebelldoorbellofahouse.Itwasadangerousareaatnight,sotheownerofthehousetookhisgunwithhimwhenheansweredthedoor.Heopenedthedoorandsawaperson,whoturnedroundandstartedwalkingawayfromthehouse.Theownercried“Freeze!

”,butthemanwentonwalking.Theownerthoughthetriedtoescape,soheshothimdead.

Later,asadstorywasuncovered.ThedeadmanwasYoshiroHattori,a16-year-oldJapaneseexchangestudent.HewenttovisitafriendforaHalloweenparty,buthecouldnotrememberthenumberofthehouse.Whenherealizedthathehadgonetothewronghouse,heturnedroundtoleave.HedidnotknowmuchEnglishandsodidnotunderstandthecommand“Freeze!

”.

Thetragedyarosefromculturalmisunderstanding.ThosewhohavelivedintheUnitedStatesforalongtimeunderstandthepossibilityofbeingshotwhenonetrespassesuponanindividual’sproperty.Itisawell-knownfactinAmericathataperson’shomeishiscastle.AlthoughRodneyPears,theownerofthehouse,gaveaverbalwarning“Freeze!

”toHattori,Hattorididnotknowitmeant“Standstillanddon’tmove”,andthereforedidnotobeyit.ThismisunderstandingbecamethetriggerofHattori’sdisaster.TheconceptofowninggunsishardforJapanesepeopletounderstand,butinAmericayouarepermittedtoownagunundertheU.S.Constitution.

1.Whatdoestheword“Freeze!

”meaninthepassage?

2.Whatdidtheownerofthehousetakewithhimwhenheansweredthedoor?

3.WhydidtheJapanesestudentturnaroundandleave?

4.Whatismentionedasapossibleresultoftrespassing?

5.Whyisthephrase“aperson’shomeishiscastle”quotedinthepassage?

1.C2.A3.D4.B5.C

IV.SpeakingOut

MODEL1Americansglorifyindividualism.

Susan:

John,Iwaslookingforyou.Wherehaveyoubeenhidingallmorning?

John:

Well,IcaughtProfessorBrown’slectureonAmericanindividualism.

Oh,howdidyoufindit?

Enlightening.Americansglorifyindividualism.Theybelieveindividualinterestsrankaboveeverythingelse.

Soundsintersting.It’sasharpcontrasttotheorientalcollectivismProfessorWangtalkedaboutlastsemester.

ButyoushouldknowthattheindividualismintheUnitedStatesisnotnecesssarilyanequivalentforselfishness.

ThenwhatdoesitmeanintheStates?

Theybelieveallvalues,rights,anddutiesoriginateinindividuals,sotheyemphasizeindividualinitiativeandindependence.

Therecouldbesomethinginthat.Ofcourseinorientalcountriestheinterestsofthegrouparemoreimportantthananythingelse.

ISo,it’sallthemorenecessaryforforeignerstounderstandAmericanculture,ortheycan’thopetounderstandtheimportanceofprivacyintheWest..

Maybethat’sthereasonnuclearfamiliesoutnumberextendedfamiliesintheUnitedStates.

Righton!

You’recatchingonfast!

Nowletmeaskyouaquestion.

Shoot.Goahead.

WhydoAmericanscherishindividualismmorethanorientalpeople?

Idon’tknow.Anyway,ProfessorBrowndidn’tsay.

OnereasonmightbethatAmericanchildrenstopsleepingwiththeirparentsatanearlyage.Theylearnindependenceearly,soit’sdeeplyrooted.

Wow,that’sanintelligentguess!

MODEL2Whatdoyouthinkarethereasonsfor

thatdifference?

DoyoufindthatpeopleinAmericaoftenwalkfasterthanpeopleinChina?

Americansalwaysseemtobeinahurry.

It’shardtocometoadefiniteconclusion.SomeAmericanswalkinaleisurelyway,andsomeChinesehurryallthetime.Butonthewhole,Ithinkyou’reright.

Whatdoyouthinkarethereasonsforthatdifference?

Americanstreasuretime.Forthem,timeistangible.It’sathing.“Timeismoney.”Youcan“spendtime”,“wastetime”,“savetime”.Youcaneven“killtime”!

Doesthisstrongsenseoftimeaffecttheirlifestyle?

Sure.Ifyou’re20minuteslateforabussinessappointment,theotherpersonorpersonswillbeannoyed.Theymaynottrustyouanymore.

ButasfarasIknow,English-speakingpeoplemaybe15-30minuteslateforadinnerparty.

That’strue.Foraninformaloccasionlikethat,punctualityisnotsoimportant.Also,abossmaykeephisemployees