专升本英语考点汇总文档格式.docx

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专升本英语考点汇总文档格式.docx

写作

57

简历表、申请书、邀请信、通知等写作

书写、套写、填写

非英语专业考生只完成Ⅰ-Ⅴ部分,合计100分,按120分折算计入总分

语法考点复习

时态与语态

一般现在时:

考点一:

表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时,如:

IlearnedthattheearthgoesaroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.

考点二:

在时间和条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时代替代替一般将来时;

常用的引导词有:

until/when/before/assoonas/themoment/if/unless

Iwillnotattendtheconferenceifitrainstomorrow.

Hewon’tknowthetruthunlessyoutellhim.

现在完成时

表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或者影响仍然存在。

有标志性的时间状语;

Hehasopenedthedoor.

Ihaveboughtacomputer.

for+时间段;

since+时间,主句用现在完成时

TheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.

TheyhavelivedinBeijingsince1995.

常见的不确定的时间状语:

Lately,recently,already,yet,sofar,uptillnow

Hasitstoppedrainingyet?

考点三:

表示”第几次做某事“或者”itis(最高级)thebest(worst,mostinteresting),主句用一般现在时,从句用现在完成时。

ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.

ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveseen.

过去完成时

表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即发生在过去的过去。

Therehadbeen25parksinthecityuptill2000.

用于hardly/scarcely/barely/rarely…when;

nosooner…than句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时

Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhecametoseeme.

Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanitbegantosnow.

表示第几次做某事/最高级,主句用过去式,从句用过去完成时。

Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.

用于by+过去时间段

Shehadlearnt3differentlanguagesbytheendof2009.

将来完成时(willhavedone)

表将来某时刻之前已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。

by+将来时间段

BynextFriday,Iwillhavegotreadyfortheexam.

一般过去时

表过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响。

usedtodo过去常常做某事

Heusedtosmokealot.

进行时态

表示某个具体时间点在干什么,常常有具体的时间词,如at10o’clock,atthatmoment等。

Hewasdoinghomeworkat9o’clockyesterdayevening.

趋向性动词常用现在进行时表将来,如:

go,come,leave,start等

Iamcoming.(马上来了)

HeisleavingChongqingonFriday.(他星期五离开重庆)

HeisleavingforChongqingonFriday.(他星期五要来重庆)

 

感官动词考点:

表示感知的动词:

hear,feel,notice,recognize,taste,smell,look,sound,taste,appear,感官动词做系动词时翻译成…起来

Heislookingatthesun.(实意动词)

Helooksyoungerthanhisjuniorbrother.(系动词)

做系动词时不能用于被动语态

e.g.Themusicsoundsbeautiful.

Thesilkfeelssoft.

做系动词时不能用于进行时态

做系动词时后面接形容词,不接副词

Soundsgood.

Thecaketastesgood.

语法专项练习

一.时态与语态

1.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests______whenhe______attheparty.

A.hadleft,arrivedB.left,hadarrived

C.hadleft,hadarrivedD.left,arrived

2.Mary______letteratnineyesterdayevening.

A.typedB.wastypingC.hastypedD.istyping

3.Thework______bythetimeyougethere.

A.willhavebeendoneB.isdone

C.hadbeendoneD.wouldhavedone

4.It______foraweekandthestreetswereflooded.

A.hasrainedB.wasrained

C.hadbeenrainingD.shouldhaverained

5.Sorry,butwecannotgotoSanDiego.Ourcousins____toseeusnextSunday.

A.comeB.arecomingC.havecomeD.came

6.She_______anumberofbooksbytheendoflastyear.

A.hadwrittenB.haswrittenC.havewrittenD.hadbeenwritten

7.I________heresinceIcametoBeijing.

A.hadlivedB.havelivedC.islivingD.willlive

8.Bytheendofnextyear,thebuilding_________.

A.willcompletedB.willhavebeencompleted

C.hascompletedD.iscompleting

9.He________smokealot,nowheisanon-smoker.

A.usedtoB.isusedtoC.wasusedtoD.usedby

10.Hardly________theroomwhenit______torain.

A.hadentered,wasrainingB.entered,hadrained

C.hadentered,rainedD.entered,wasraining

二:

非谓语.

动词

1.谓语动词

2.非谓语动词

谓语动词

1.行为动词/实意动词:

eat,sleep.clean.Stay(可以单独做谓语,用副词修饰)

2.联系动词:

be,get,become(不能单独做谓语,其后成分称为表语)

3.情态动词:

can,could,will(不能单独做谓语,后接动词原型)

4.助动词:

do/have的各种形式,帮助完成时态与语气的动词,不能单独做谓语。

Havebeenhere/Idolikeyou.

非谓语动词:

1.不定式:

todo(除了不能做谓语,其他成分都能做)

2.分词:

现在分词:

Ving(表主动与进行),过去分词:

(表被动与状态)

3.动名词:

Ving

※英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构

如果出现更多动词:

}加连词(and/but/so…)

}放入从句

}变为非谓语动词

1)GracefinishedherdinneratWulong

2)attendedthelocaldancingparty.

一.加入连词

GracehadfinisheddinneratWulong,andsheattendedthelocaldancingpartylater.

二.放入从句

Themoment/whenGracehadfinisheddinneratWulong,sheattendedthelocaldancingpartylater.

三.变为非谓语动词

Gracefinishedherdinnerquicklytoattendthelocaldancingparty.

不定式考点:

1.Itis+adj+forsbtodosth/Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth

e.g.Itisdifficultforhimtofinishthetask.

Itisverykindofyoutosayso.

2.Ittakessbsometimetodosth花费某人多少时间做某事

Ittakesmethreedaystorepairthemachine.

3.so+adj/adv+asto….如此,以至于

e.g.Thehouseissohighastoresembleatower.

4.onlyto竟然(表出乎意料的转折)

Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.

5.but(except)后带不带to?

若句子的谓语动词是“do”的各种形式,则不带to

Lastnight,IdidnothingbutwatchTV.

若句子的谓语动词不是“do”的各种形式,则带to

Thedoctortoldhimnothingbuttostopsmoking.

6.一听:

listento,hear

二看:

watch,see,lookat

三使:

let,make,have

四注意:

notice

五感觉:

feel

以上动词接动词原形,但若用语被动语态,则应接带to的不定式。

Imadehimdohiswork.

Hewasmadetodohiswork.

动名词考点:

1.Itisnogood/use/point/agreatfun+ving:

做某事无好处/用处/意义/乐趣做某事

Itisnogoodhelpinghim.

Itisagreatfungettingtoknowyourguys.

2.Thereisno+doingsth不可能做某事

Thereisnotdenyingthatsuccessfulbusinessliesinahealthybodyandmind.

Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo?

3.havedifficulty(trouble,fun,agoodtime)+(in)doingsth做某事难(麻烦,好玩)

4.go+doing户外活动

Gofishing,goswimming,goshopping

4.bebusy(in)doingsth忙于做某事

5.spend/wastetime(in)doingsth/onsth

6.can’thelpdoingsth忍不住做某事

Iamsorry,Ican’thelpoverhearing…

7.beworthdoingsth值得做某事(主动表被动)

Thebookisworthreading.

8.LiMingissaid______abroad.Doyouknow

whatcountry

A.tohavestudiedB.tostudy

C.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying

分词考点:

分词做状语:

1)主从句主语一致

2)省略从句连词与主语

3)从句分词形式取决于与主语的关系,主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词

(从)Whenthestudentssawtheteacherenteringclassroom,(主)thestudentsstoodup.

Seeingtheteacherenteringclassroom,thestudentsstoodup.

独立主格:

独立主格结构有三种类型:

1.逻辑主语+非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)

2.逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语)

3.with/without+复合宾语(不定式,分词、形容词、副词、

介词短语)

非谓语练习

.1.____anythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkasusual.

A.NotknownB.KnowingnotC.KnownnotD.Notknowing

2._______moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.

A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven

3.____in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.

A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding

4._____bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.

A.BeingencouragedB.EncouragingC.EncouragedD.Havingencouraged

5._____therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrowintotheinternationalstars.

A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.TogiveD.Given

6._____inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.

A.WaitingB.TowaitC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited

7.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident_____losehisjob.

A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto

8.______lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.

A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept

9.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere__foraspaceflight.

A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained

10.Theoldprofessorsaidtouseverypartofthematerialsshouldbemadeuseof______thepowerstation.

A.tobuildB.buildingC.buildD.built

11.Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation_____informationinamoreeffectiveway.

A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresent

12.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.

A.TherewasB.TherebeingC.Becausetherebeing

D.Therewere

13.____,I'

llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.

A.TimepermitsB.IftimepermittingC.TimepermittingD.Time'

spermitting

14._____,weallwenthomehappily.

A.GoodbyewassaidB.Goodbyehadbeensaid

C.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid

15._____,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.

A.ItbeingfineweatherB.Itfineweather

C.ItwasfineweatherD.Itbeingafineweather

情态动词考点:

•Can,could

•May,might

•Must/haveto

•Need

•Dare

•Will/would

•Shall/should/oughtto

Must的否定回答

在回答must引起的问句时,如果是否定的答复,可用don’thaveto或needn’t(不必),但不能用mustn’t(一定不,必须不,不允许,不得)。

如:

—MustIcleanthediningroomatonce?

我必须马上打扫餐厅吗?

—Yes,youmust.是的,你必须马上打扫。

—No,youdon’thaveto(=needn’t).不必啦。

Youmustn’t 

smokeintheoffice.你不得在办公室抽烟。

must表肯定猜测:

Must表示推测时,只能用于肯定句中

mustdo对一般时的肯定推测

mustbedoing对现在的动作进行肯定推测

musthavedone对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断

Theyhaveboughtanewcar.Theymusthavealotofmoney.

Hemustbereadingnovelsnow.

Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.

考点三:

can’t/could’t表否定推测

考点四:

needdoingsth=needtobedone

Theflowersneedwatering.=Theflowersneedtobewatered.

Thehouseneedspainting.=Thehouseneedstobepainted.

延伸:

want,requestdoingsth=want/requesttobedone

考点五:

need/dare既可做实意动词,也可做情态动词。

实意动词用在肯定句中(need/daretodosth),情态动词用在否定和疑问句中(need/daredosth)。

Dareyouwalkthroughtheforestatnight?

Youneedn’treturnthebooknow.

Heneedstogotherehimself.

三.情态动词

1.---Shelooksveryhappy.She______havepassedtheexam.

—Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall.

A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might

2.You______behungryalready,youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!

A.wouldn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t

3.—I’msorry.I_________atyoutheotherday.

—Forgetit.Iwasabitouto

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