The Different Diet Cultures Between China and West中西饮食文化的差异Word下载.docx
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随着我国改革开放步伐的加快和加入世界贸易组织,对外交往越来越显示出其重要性。
翻译作为交际的媒介和信息转换放入手段,其重要性越来越显示出来。
翻译是两种语言之间的转换,这种转换要以忠实“原作”为前提。
因此,翻译中,“信”是第一性的、本质的标准。
只有很好的掌握和了解这一标准,才能忠实于“原作”。
由于不同的语言之间有众多的不同之处。
因而“绝对的忠实于原文”不大可能的。
本文将对“信”的相关理论进行论述,希望能够对提高翻译质量和做好翻译工作有所帮助,以促进中西方的交流。
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2.摘要部分陈述不够完整,需要作些修改。
3.部分地方存在格式问题,需要按要求认真调整。
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Abstract:
Theproblemoftranslationcriteriahasbeenapuzzleforcenturies.Therearevarioustheoriesthathavebeenraisedandhavebenefitedmuchthepracticeoftranslation.Faithfulnessisanimportantquestionoftheprincipleoftranslation.Alltheoristsmaintainthattranslationshouldbefaithfultotheoriginal.Tobefaithfulisthefirstresponsibilitytoatranslator.
Inthisthesis,firstly,theauthorgiveabriefreviewofthetheoriesonfaithfulness.Thisdissertationbeginswiththedifferenttheoriesonfaithfulness.Andthentheauthortriestoexpounditfromtwodifferentaspects,thatis,“faithfulness”intranslatingmeaningand“faithfulness”intransmittingculture.ExamplesarecitedfromtheChineseclassicalnovelADreaminRedMansions.Attheend,theauthoristomakeabriefconclusionabouttheimportanceandnecessityoffaithfulness.Asthebasiccriterionintranslation,“faithfulness”,involvesawiderangeoffactors,whichshouldallbetakenintoconsiderationduringtheprocessoftranslating.Meaningandculture,arebynomeanscompleteandareinneedofsupplementationandimprovement.Nonetheless,theytouchthetwofundamentalaspectsofalanguagewhichplayanimportantroleinbothwritingandtranslating.Therefore,atranslatorshouldseriouslyobserveandconscientiouslytakeheedoftheprincipleoffaithfulnessintranslating.
KeyWords:
theoriesfaithfulnesstranslationstudy
Content
I.Introduction·
·
6
II.ConcreteExpressionofDietCulturalDifference
2.1.DifferencesofDietConcept·
7
2.2DifferencesofCookingMaterials·
10
.Conclusion·
12
.Notes·
13
.Bibliography·
15
1.Introduction
Dietculture(alsoknowasfoodculture);
itmeansdiet,theskillofthedietprocess,andthedietnutritionhealth.Thedietcultureisbasedonthedietwhichisthesummationoftheoperation,management,skill,culture,art,concept,livingcustom,andthestyleofphilosophy.Itisthecreationofhumankindinthedietactsandtheirresults,involvingthehumandietthinking,awareness,concepts,philosophy,religion,art,etc.Thereisfinalmeaningandactionforthedevelopmentandformofeverycountryandnation.1
Chinahasalonghistoryofthedietcultureandthecontentissoabundant.ContrastfromthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterndietculture,themodeofthinkingandthelifephilosophyarealldifferent.Chinesepeoplefocusonthe"
harmonywithGod,"
andtheancientsregardthedietcultureasthegodandtheimportantthings.Bycontrastwesternpeoplefocusonthe"
people-orient"
.BecauseChinahasalongoldhistory,sothereisanadvantageousmoredeveloperdietculture.AlthoughtheWesternfoodculturedoesnotdevelopornoChinesecookingstress,buttheirtablemanners,mealsapparatusarecolorful.ThisarticlecomparesthedietculturebetweenChinaandWestfromtheconcept,custom,tablewareandsoon,accordingtowhichthesewecanseethatthedifferencesofculturebetweenthem.SocomparingthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfoodcultureintophilosophicaldifferencesremainanimportantsourceofpracticalsignificance.
2.ConcreteExpressionofDietCulturalDifference
2.1DifferencesofDietConcept
ThefirstdifferencebetweenChinaandWestistheconceptdifference.Westerndiettendstobescientificandrational,whileChinesedietisartisticandsentimental.Duringdifferenterasofdietdevelopment,thetwotendencieshaveonlyonepurpose------solvingtheproblemofhunger,butafterthedevelopmentofdietculture,suchtendenciesareconcentratedondifferentpurposes:
thefirstonefocusesonthenutrition,principleandphilosophy.
2.1.1TheRationalWesternDietConcept
Theconceptofwesternisarationalone,whentheyareeating;
basicallytheyunderstandthedietfromthenutrition.Theyregardthenutritionasthehighruleofthediet.2Whateverthecolor,taste,shape,fragrantofthefoodishow,thenutritionmusthavethepriority.Basicallyenjoymentisnotanimportantplaceinthediet,sotheydon'
tpursuethetasteoverlade.Thereforethewesterndietissosimpleandactually.
Theconceptofwesterndietisrelatedtothewholephilosophysystemofthewesternworld.Inthewesternpeople'
sdietculture,metaphysicaltracescanbefoundeverywhere.Western-stylefoodischaracterizedwiththeoriginaltastewiththecookingmethodsofroastingortofrying.Theprocessofeverymaterialisobvious.Generally,theyputthematerialsbythemselvesanddon'
tseemasChinesefood.Western-stylefoodlaysstressontableware,cookingmaterials,foodservice,foodrawmaterials,andthemixtureofcolor.Althoughthecomparisonofthecolorisclear,thetastesofmanymaterialsinfoodarenotreconciled.Westernviewisthat:
eatingistomeetthebasicphysicalrequirementswithnutritionasthekeyfactor.
2.1.2TheAestheticChineseDietConcept
Chineseconceptisanaestheticone.TheChinesediettakesthedelicacyasfirststandard.Chinesepeoplealwaysbelieveeatingisthegodandthetasteisinthefirstplace.Chinesemainlyemplacingthetaste,andtryeverypossiblemeanstocreaterealtasteoffoods;
butthewesternpeopleareslowincatchupwiththeChinese.ThecharacteristicsofChinesepeoplearemainlydemonstrated.Indifferentseasons,therichandvaried,stylesarepaidattentiontoincooking3.ThefoodcultureofChinesepeopleismainlyforthetaste,butlittleforthenutritionandthemeaningofgoodtastealwaysbeyonddescription.ThisshowsthatthedietwhichChinesepeoplepursuedis“artisticconception”whichisabstrusely.BecauseinChina,theartisticconceptionisthecentreofallthearts,thedietcultureisnotexception4.Thebeautyoftheartisticconceptionfortheeatingcanmakepeopleassociateitwiththenicethings;
itcanworkuppeople'
sglamorousassociation.Intheyearof1918,Dr.SunZhongshancompletedhiscollection“StrategiesofConstructingcountries”5inwhichhepointsoutthe“psychologicalconstruction”6;
hebelievesthatChinesecookingskillisakindofart,likeChinesepaintingandcalligraphy,Chinesecookingskillshasthehistoryofmorethan2,000yearsofaimingatexcellence.ThatalonecanindicatetheprofoundChineseculture.
Chinesediethasitsownuniquecharm;
thekeyisitstaste.TheprocessofChinesecookingiscomplicated.Boilingisletthefoodcooked,andmixthefivetastestogether.Chinesecookingfocusesonthebeautyofthemixture,whichistheincisivepointoftheChinesecookingart.Theshapeandthecolorofthedishesaretheoutsidethings,butthetasteistheappearance.Payingattentiontotheinternalbutnotadorningtheappearance,theinternaltasteofthedishesisexhibitedintheshapeandcolorofthedishes,whicharethemostimportantperformanceandtheaestheticdietconceptofChinese.
AccordingtoChineseculture,dietislinkedwiththearts,expressingthephilosophyoflife,anditisourlifeinminiature.Itcontainsmanytruths.Itisnotonlyaphysicalactivity;
butalsoaprocess,awayofceremony.
TheaestheticpursuitofChinesedietobviouslyoverpowerstherational;
thisdietconceptisaccordedwiththephilosophythinkingoftheChinesecustom.BywayoftherepresentativeoftheEasternphilosophical,theobviouscharacteristicsarethemacroscopically,intuitionistandfaintness.ThegoalsofChinesedishesaresuitableanddelicious,allforthegoodtasteofthedishes.ThechangesinthedegreedecidethesuccessofChinesedishes.Thisembodiesthefruitful,dialecticofChinesephilology:
thesuitableanddelicioustasteatthefirstlyaccordingtothevariationofseason,fromsummertoautumnitbeingbland,fromwintertospringitbeingfull-bodiedandchangingwiththetime,placeandperson.
Inviewofthedietconcept,thedifferenceofthedietviewsmakesthewesterndiettendtobemorescientificandrational,andtheChinesedietisfullofart.Westerntreatmentofdietisjustasakindofway“feedupfirst,andthendoeswhatyoushoulddo”.Onlyasameasuretheattitudetoeatingismorecasual,thereforethewesternpeopleseldomfocusonthetasteandflavorsofthefood.Chinesepeopletreateatingasajoyoflife,eatingisnotonlyfordoingsomething,butalsoforenjoyingsomething.Bycontrast,thekeypointofthewesterndietjustfocusesonthespreadoftherealisticuseoftheorianginaldiet;
Chinesefocusesont