语音学与语言学练习集刘润清版Word文档下载推荐.docx
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neighbours.
11.isthesmallestlinguisticunit.
12.Accordingto,whenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,it
isputintotheonsetratherthanthecoda.
II.Choosethebestanswer.
13.Pitchvariationisknownaswhenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.
A.intonationB.tone
C.pronunciationD.voice
14.Conventionallyaisputinslashes.
A.allophoneB.phone
C.phonemeD.morpheme
15.Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpareofthepphoneme.
A.analoguesB.tagmemes
C.morphemesD.allophones
16.'
Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas.
A.gottisB.vocalcavity
C.pharynxD.uvula
17.Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownasdiphthongs.
A.wideB.closing
C.narrowD.centering
18.Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled
A.minimalpairsB.allomorphs
G.phonesD.allophones
19.Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?
A.Acousticphonetics.B.Articulatoryphonetics.
C.Auditoryphonetics.D.Neitherofthem.
20.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtomannersofarticulation?
A.[z]B.[w]
C.[?
]D.[v]
21.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?
A.[n]C.[1]
B.[m]D.[P]
22.Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?
A.[i:
]B.[u]
C.[e]D.[i]
23.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?
A.VoicelessB.Voiced
C.GlottalstopD.Consonant
24.Whichconsonantrepresentsthefollowingdescription:
voicelesslabiodentalfricative?
A.[f]B.[?
]
C.[z]D.[s]
III.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].—
25.Ofthethreephoneticsbranches,thelongestestablishedone,anduntil
recentlythemosthighlydeveloped,isacousticphonetics.—
26.Sound[p]intheword"
spit"
isanunaspiratedstop.
27.Supersegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.
28.Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.
29.Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheother.
30.[p]isvoicedbilabialstop.
31.Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.
32.Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.
33.Whenpureormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace.
34.Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbe
dividedintotensevs.laxorlongvs.short.
35.ReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymostpeople.
36.Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastoiswhere
toplaceaconsonant,itisputintothecodaratherthantheonset.
Explainthefollowingterms.
37.Minimalpair
39.Suprasegmentalfeature
41.Roundedvowel
43.Vowelglides
45.Allophones
47.Distinctivefeatures
V.Answerthefollowingquestions.
38.Soundassimilation
40.Freevariation
42.Pitch
44.Anticipatorycoarticulation
46.Complementarydistribution
48.Sonorityscale
49.Whatismeantbyphonetictranscription?
50.Inwhichtwowaysmayconsonantsbeclassified?
Keys
I.Fillintheblanks.
1.
Articulatory
2.airstrem
4.
friction
5.tongue
7.
obstruction
8.minimalpairs
10.Coarticulation
11.Phonemes
II
.Choosethebestanswer.
3.
13.A14.C15.D16.A17.A
19.B20.B21.A22.B23.B
voiced;
voiceless;
voiced
6.height
9.diphthongs
12.themaximalonsetprinciple
18.D
24.A
III.DecidewhethertheMowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].
35.[F]Itshouldbearticulatoryphonetics.
26.[T]27.[T]28.[T]29.[T]
30.[F]Itisavoicelessbilabialstop.
31.[F]Acousticphoneticsisthestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeech.
32.[T]33.[T]34.[T]
35.[F]InmanycasesthepronunciationofEnglishdependsonindividualspeaker'
saccentandpersonalpreference.However,oneformofEnglishpronunciationisthemostcommonmodelaccentintheteachingofEnglishasaforeignlanguage.ItiscalledReceivedPronunciation.
36.[F]Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintotheonsetratherthanthecoda.
PartTwoExercisesforMorphology
Exercises
I.Fillintheblanks.
1.Takeistheoftaking,takenandtook.
2.Boundmorphemesareclassifiedintotwotypes;
androot.
asa
while
words
Anispronouncedletterbyletter,whileanispronounced
word.
4.Lexicon,inmostcases,issynonymouswith.
5.Orthographically,compoundsarewritteninthreeways:
and
6.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainaroot.
7.Asnailsetofconjunctions,prepositionsandpronounsbelongsto,class,
thelargestpartofnouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbsbelongstoclass.
8.isareverseprocessofderivation,andthereforeisaprocessof
shortening.
9.isextremelyproductive,becauseEnglishhadlostmostofitsinflectional
endingsbytheendofMiddleEnglishperiod,whichfacilitatedtheuseofinterchangeablyasverbsornouns,verbsoradjectives,andviceversa.
10.Wordsaredividedintosimple,compoundandderivedwordsonthelevel.
11.Awordformedbyderivationiscalleda,andawordformedbycompoundingis
calleda.(derivative;
compound)
12..
II.Choosethebestanswer.
13.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas.
A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwords
C.functionwordsD.formwords
14.Morphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalledmorpheme.
A.inflectionalB.free
C.boundD.derivational
15.Therearemorphemesintheworddenationalization?
A.threeB.four
C.fiveD.six
16.InEnglish-iseand-tionarecalled.
A.prefixesB.suffixes
C.infixesD.freemorphemes
17.Morphologyisgenerallydividedintotwofields:
thestudyofword-formationandA.affixationB.etymology?
(46)?
C.inflectionD.root
18.Thethreesubtypesofaffixesare:
prefix,suffixand.
A.derivationalaffixB.inflectionalaffix
C.infixD.back-formation
19.isawayinwhichnewwordsmaybeformedfromalreadyexistingwordsby
subtractinganaffixwhichisthoughttobepartoftheoldword.
A.AffixationB.back-formation
C.InsertionD.Addition
20.ThewordTBisformedinthewayof.
A.acronymyB.clippingDmation
C.imitialismD.acronymy
21.Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffixword"
learned"
isknownasa(n).
A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorpheme
C.inflectionalmorphemeD.freeform
22.Thewordslikecomsatandsitcomareformedby.
A.blendingB.clipping
C.backformationD.acronymy
23.The.stemofdisagreementsis.
A.agreementB.agree
C.disagreeD.disagreement
24.Allofthemaremeaningfulexceptfor.
A.lexemeB.phoneme
C.morphemeD.allomorph
F.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].—
25.Phonetically,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthefirstelement,whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.
26.Foreasinforetellisbothaprefixandaboundmorpheme.
27.Basereferstothepartofwordthatremainswhenallinflectionalaffixesareremoved.
28.Inmostcases,prefixeschangethemeaningofthebasewhereassuffixeschangetheword-classofthebase.
29.Conversionfromnountoverbisthemostproductiveprocessofconversion.
30.Reduplicativecompoundisformedbyrepeatingthesamemorphemeofaword.
31.Theword;
whimper,whisperandwhistleareformedinthewayofonomatop-(eia).
32.Inmostcases,thenumberofsyllablesofawordcorrespondstothenumberofmorphemes.
33:
BackformationisaproductivewayofformingnounsinModernEnglish.
34.Inflectionisaparticularwayofword-formations.
35.Wecanalwaystellbythewordsacompoundcontainswhatitmeansbecausethemeaningofacompoundisalwaysthesumofthemeaningsofitsparts.
IV.Explainthefollowingterm
37.Morphophonology
39.Boundmorpheme
41.Derivation
43.Closed-classword
45.Fullconversion
47.Base
49.Ofalltheword-formations,
36.Allrootsarefreeandallaffixesarebound.
38.Allomorph
40.Backclipping
42.Morphologicalrule
44.Analogy
46.Blending
48.Hybrid
whichinvolvetheprocess.ofaddition?
Whichtheprocessofsubtraction?
Andwhichtheprocessoftransition?
50.Illustratetheaxiom,