四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解Word下载.docx
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English.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage（ASL）wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidgin
English（混杂英语）.ButStokoebelievedthe“handtalk”hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:
Mightdeafpeopleactually:
haveagenuinelanguage?
Andcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheron
Earth?
Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningas“substandard”.Stokoe'
sideawas
academicheresy（异端邪说）.
Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandto
producingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture—ishavinglunchatacafeneartheGallaudet
campusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.Fordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsigned
languagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbe
basedonspeech,themodulation（调节）ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,
themodulationofspace.“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it'
sbrain
stuff.”
21.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe_____C___.
A）anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguage
B）achallengetotraditional,viewsonthenatureoflanguage
C）anapproach:
tosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofalanguage
D）anattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginoflanguage（C）
22.The,presentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulatedby___C_____.
A）afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanbrain
B）aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalarts
C）anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeaf
）C（D）someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage
23.AccordingtoStokoe,signlanguageis_____B___.
A）aSubstandardlanguage
B）agenuinelanguage
C）anartificiallanguage
D）aninternationallanguage（B）
24.MosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe'
sideabecausetheythought_____D___.
A）signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeople
B）signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyaccepted
C）alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstand
D）alanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechsounds（D）
25.Stokoe'
sargumentisbasedonhisbeliefthat____D____.
A）signlanguageisasefficientasanyotherlanguage
B）signlanguageisderivedfromnaturallanguage
C）languageisasystemofmeaningfulcodes
D）languageisaproductofthebrain（D）
2）Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.WhentheGerman
cruiseshipWilhelmGustloffwashitbytorpedoesfiredfromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterof
WorldWarII,morethan10,000people-mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmy
pushintoNaziGermany-werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthat
senthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.Othersdesperately
triedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinthewaterwhohadthestrengthtotry
toclawtheirwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.I'
llneverforgetthescreams,”saysChrista
Ntitzmann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdark
grave-andintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.
NowGermany'
sNobelPrize-winningauthorGtinterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,
includingmorethan4,000children-withhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,which
willbeoutinEnglishnextyear,doesn'
tdwellonthesinking;
itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwho
survivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater:
“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest（of
Germany）andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththe
weeklyDieWoche:
“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,we
didn'
thavetheenergylefttotellofourownsufferings.”
ThelongsilenceaboutthesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwasprobablyunavoidable-andnecessary.By
unreservedlyowninguptotheircountry'
smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshave
managedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeir
neighbors.Today'
sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslong,troubled
history.Forthat,ahalfcenturyofwillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwas
perhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethatthey'
yenow
earnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,
butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.
31.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?
（B）
A）ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes.
B）Itcausedthelargestnumberofcasualties.
C）Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath.
D）Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren.
32.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen___（A）_____.
A）thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardoneside
B）astrongicestormtiltedtheship
C）thecruiseshipsankallofasudden
D）thefrightenedpassengersfoughtdesperatelyforlifeboats
33.TheWilhelmGustlofftragedywaslittletalkedaboutformorethanhalfacenturybecauseGermans
_____（D）___.
A）wereeagertowininternationalacceptance
B）hadbeenpressuredtokeepsilentaboutit
C）wereafraidofoffendingtheirneighbors
D）feltguiltyfortheircrimesinWorldWarII
34.HowdoesGunterGrassrevivethememoryoftheWilhelmGustlofftragedy?
（D）
A）Bydescribingtheship'
ssinkingingreatdetail.
B）BygivinganinterviewtotheweeklyDieWoche.
C）Bypresentingthehorriblesceneofthetorpedoattack.
D）Bydepictingthesurvivalofayoungpregnantwoman.
35.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatGermansnolongerthinkthat____（C）____.
A）theWilhelmGustlofftragedyisareasonablepricetopayforthenation'
spastmisdeeds
B）GermanyisresponsibleforthehorriblecrimesitcommittedinWorldWarII
C）theywillbemisunderstoodiftheytalkabouttheWilhelmGustlofftragedy
D）it-iswrongtoequatetheirsufferingswiththoseofothercountries
）TherearepeopleinItalywhocan'
tstandsoccer.NotallCanadianslovehockey.Asimilarsituationexists
inAmerica,wheretherearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhen
somebodymentionsbaseball.『Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytight
outfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.』①Theytellyouit'
s
agamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,gentlemanly.Thesearethesamepeopleyoumaybe
oneofthemwholovefootballbecausethere'
sthesportthatglorifies“thehit”.
Bycontrast,baseballseemsabstract,cool,silent,still.
game,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasa
painterdoeshissubject;
youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthe
gameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon'
tdoitforyou.
Take,forexample,thethirdbaseman.Yousitbehindthethirdbasedugoutandyouwatchhim
watchinghomeplate.Hislegsareapart,kneesflexed.Hisarmshangloose.Hedoesalotofthis.The
skepticstillcannotthinkofanyothersportssostill,sopassive.『Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethe
pitcherthrows:
thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfront
ofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhis
firstbaseman'
sposition.』②Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehad
myeyesclosed.”
Theskepticandtheinnocentmustplaythegame.Andthisinvolvementinthestandsisnomore
intellectualthanlisteningtomusicis.Watchthethirdbaseman.Smooththedirtinfrontofyouwithone
foot;
smooththepocketinyourglove;
watchtheeyesofthebatter,thespeedofthebat,thesoundof
horsehideonwood.Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheatre,baseballischambermusic,a
spaciousinterlockingofnotes,choresandresponses.
1.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.
A.thedifferenttastesofpeopleforsports
B.thedifferentcharacteristicsofsports
C.theattractionoffootball
D.theattractionofbaseball
2.Thosewhodon'
tlikebaseballmaycomplainthat.
A.itisonlytothetasteoftheold
B.itinvolvesfewerplayersthanfootball
C.itisnotexcitingenough
D.itispretentiousandlooksfunn
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