AnAnalysisofShakespearesTragedyWorldWord文档下载推荐.docx

AnAnalysisofShakespearesTragedyWorldWord文档下载推荐.docx

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InHamlet,theheroisrationalandhisplanisin-depth,buthealwayscan’tputhisideasintoactions.InOthello,theheroOthelloisabravehero.Helovesandisloved.Healwaystrustsothers.FromthecharactersinKingLear,wecanseethedepthandwidthoflifetheworkreflects.KingLear’stragedygoesthroughthewholework.Macbethisthefinallycompletedandtheshortestofthefour.Itisfamousforitsquickdevelopment. 

EveryroleandeverystoryinShakespeare’stragedyworldbasedonthefourgreattragediesmakeourheartandsoulmoving.Throughanalyzingthecharactersofthefourgreattragedies,thisarticletellspeoplehowtochoosetherightdestinationwhentheyarefacingsufferingsandridiculeoflife.Andfromthemwecanfindtherightwaytoliveandact.

KeyWords

Shakespeare;

tragedy;

dispositionflaw;

guilt;

ambition

摘　要

莎士比亚（1564-1616）生活在封建社会和资本主义社会的转折时期。

在所有的英国作家中，莎士比亚在世界文学史上是极少数里程碑式人物之一。

同样其作品也是一个里程碑。

从艺术上讲，莎士比亚的悲剧是莎剧中成就最高的，而其中又以四大悲剧为代表。

在《哈姆雷特》这悲剧中主人公是理智的，计划周到的，但却总难付诸行动。

在《奥赛罗》里，主人公奥赛罗是性格刚勇的好汉，他爱着也被爱着。

《李尔王》一剧的人物形象可以看出作品反映的时代生活广度和深度，李尔王的悲剧命运贯穿全剧的中心。

《麦克白》是四大悲剧中最后完成的，也是悲剧中最短的一个。

它以戏剧情节发展的快速而闻名。

莎士比亚的以四大悲剧为代表的悲剧世界，其中各个角色，各个场景都深深震撼我们的心灵，本文通过四大悲剧主人公性格分析，指出了面对生活的苦难和人生的荒谬，人们应如何做出选择。

我们从中一定会找到行事的方针和生活的智慧。

关键词

莎士比亚；

悲剧；

性格缺陷；

罪恶；

欲望

Introduction

WilliamShakespearewasbornonthe23rdofApril,1564,inStratford-onAvon,Warwickshire.Heisoneofthoseraregeniusesofmankindwhohavebecomelandmarksinthehistoryofworldculture.MeanwhiletheworksofWilliamShakespeareareagreatlandmarkinthehistoryofworldliterature.Duringthe22yearsofhisliteraryworkheproduced37plays,2narrativepoemsand154sonnets.Buttragedies,especiallythefourgreattragedies,standforhisgreatestcontribution.

ThedispositionflawinHamletwhichShakespeareprocessesisovertheperfectmoralprinciple.InOthello,Othelloalwaystrustsothers.Butjustthisnobilityandinnocencemakehimguilty.KingLear’sbiggestweaknessisthathecan’tdistinguishwhatisthefalseflatteryandwhatisthefaithfulemotionandsentiment.Macbethdescribesthathowanambitionmakessomebodybecomeacriminalfromafamousministerandendswithanevilmonarch.Itreflectstheawfulresultoftheexcessiveandcontinuousambitionforpeopledeeply.

Allinall,throughanalyzingtheheroes’characters,livingbackgroundandtheirfate,thisarticletellspeoplehowtochoosewhentheyarefacingsufferingsandridiculeoflife.Andfromthemwecanfindtheprincipleofdoingsomethingandwisdomofliving.Sowhensomethingveryimportanthappens,onecanfaceitanddealwithitmoreseverely,onecanshouldertheburdenoflifemoreeasily.Ibelievepeoplecanlearnmorefromgoodtragedyworks.

I.TheFourGreatTragedies’Heroes’Analysis

A.ATragicHero－Hamlet

HamletisoneofShakespeare’stragedies.HamletlearnsfromtheghostofhisfatherthefatalsecretofhisdeathatthehandsofClaudis,hisuncle,whomarriesthewidow,hasthecoldbodyofthedeceased.Hamletlaysatraptocatchhisuncle’sconscience,breakshisengagementwithOphelia,killsthewaryoldcounselorPolonius,andissentofftoEnglandundertheescortofthetreacherouscourtiersRosencrantzandGuildenstein,tobeputtodeath.Ontheway,herisesinthenight,unsealstheirmurderouscommission,rewritesitandsealsitwithhisfather’sring,havingwordeditsothattheythemselvesshallbethevictimswhentheyreachEngland.InafightwithpiratesHamletboardstheirship,andisconveyedbythembacktoDenmark,wherehetellshisadventurestohisfriendHoratio.AtOphelia’sgraveheencountersLaertes,herbrother;

andpresently,inafencingboutwithhim,iskilledbyLaerte’spoisonedsword,butnotbeforehehasstabbedhistreacherousuncleandforcedthefatalcupofpoisondownhisthroat.HismotherGertrudehasjustdiedfromaccidentallydrinkingthesamepoison,preparedbytheKingforHamlet.

Itisarevengeplay,likeKyd’sSpanishTragedy,andlikeTourneur’sRevenger’sTradeyandsoon.TheRenaissancewasaviolenttimeandtheirtheatre’sobsessionwiththingslikerevengeprovesit.ButwhereasmostofShakespeare’scontemporariestake,andcreatedrevenge-heroeswhobehaveaccordingly,Shakespearecreatesahumaneandsensitiveherowhoisappalledbythetaskappointedtohim.HamletisaclearrepresentationofShakespeare’stragichero.

Astheplay’stragichero,Hamletexhibitsacombinationofgoodandbadpoints.Acomplexcharacter,hedisplaysavarietyofcharacteristicsthroughouttheplay’sdevelopment.Sometimesheisahumanandsensitivehero,atothertimesheismelodramaticallyviolent,cold-bloodedlycallous,orevengleefullybloodthirsty,bothinwordanddeed.AtfirsteveryoneseesHamletasasensitiveyoungprincewhoismourningthedeathofhisfather,theKing. 

Inaddition,hismother’simmediatemarriagetohisunclehaslefthiminevengreaterdespair.ThecombinationoftheseemotionsleavesonefeelingsympathetictoHamlet.Thenhebecomesavery“human”character. 

Oneseesfromtheverybeginningthatheisaverycomplexandconflictedman,andthathistragedyhasalreadybegun.

Hamlet’sangerandgrief-primarilystemmingfromhismother’smarriagetoClaudius-bringshimtothoughtsofsuicide,whichonlysubsidesasaresultofitbeingamortalandreligioussin.Thefactthathewantstotakehisownlifedemonstratesaweaknessinhischaracter.Hisdecisionnottokillhimselfbecauseofreligiousbeliefsshowsthatthisweaknessisbalancedwithsomesenseofmorality. 

SuchanobviousparadoxisonlyoneexampleoftheinnerconflictandturmoilthatwilleventuallyleadtoHamlet’sdownfall.Thisinternalstruggleisobviousfromhisbest-knownsoliloquy.

Tobe,ornottobe,thatisthequestion:

Whether‘tisnoblerinthemindtosuffer

Theslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfoutune,

Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles

Andbyopposingendthem.Todie-tosleep,

Nomore;

andbyasleeptosayweend

Theheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks

Thatfleshisheirto:

‘tisaconsummation

Devoutlytobewish’d.Todie,tosleep;

Tosleep,perchancetodream-ay,there’stherub…

（FromActIIISceneⅰ）

“Tobe,ornottobe,”showsHamletcontemplatingtheideaofloyalty,actinguponone’smoralsandtheirrelationtofightingagainstthechallengesofevil.Meanwhile,hedoubtseverything,includinglove.Hehesitates,whichmakeshimenterthetragedy.Histragedyshowsthelimitationofhisthinkingasahumanist.Inthatperiod,thepowerofenemyisverybig.Thebeautyandtheuglyareturned.Thedreamofhumanistcan’tberealized.Thestruggleofheromustendwithgreyluck.Hamlet’stragedyisthetime’stragedy.TheliberationandfreedomHamletgoesafteraretooheavy.Thesadthatdreamcan’tberealizedmakeshimmoresufferings.Inaddition,thelimitationofHamletisalsorevealedbyhisfarawayfrompeople.Hejustwantstochangethesocietybyhimself.Hejustremainshimself.ThoughHamlethasgreatwisdomandenoughreason,it’sunrealizedtodoonethingbyhisownpower.Alsointhatsociety,nobodywinsatlastbyoneself.

Hamletisalsoapersonwhobelievesdestinydeeply.Untilthelaststageofhisstruggle,hestillbelievesthatthereisapowerwhichcandecidesomeonetowinorfail.Heistiedbytheoldthought.Sohehesitates,missestheopportunityandispassive.

Hamlet,althoughacomplexanduniquecharacter,clearlyrepresentsthetragichero.Shakespearewantstotellusthattherealworldisunreasonable,buthecan’tsolvethequestion.Becauseofthelimitationoftimeandrank,thegreatofHamletisthathecanrevealuglyexistsintheworldbravely,butnothowtosweepthesesins.TheoriginalpowerHamletrepresentsisonthestageofchildishness.Theyhaven’tenoughpowertodestroyevil.Maybeintheotherwordswecansaythattheyaredoomedtotragedy.

B.VictimofCredulity－Othello

Othello,aMoorishgeneralofVenice,haspromotedCassioashislieutenant;

Iago,whowashopingforthepromotionhimself,makesplotsagainstCassioandOthellotoexactrevenge.OthellohassecretlymarriedDesdemona,thebeautifuldaughterofVenetiansenatorBrabantio,andIagodeterminestouseDesdemonaasthemeansofhisrevenge.OthellobelievedIago’stricks,sothathekilledhiswifebyhisownhand.Atlastwhenhefindshehasmurderedhiswifebymistake,hecan’tfacehimselfandstabshimselfinfrontofCassioanddiesonDesdemona’sbed,besideher.

Othello,duetohisMoorishnaturebutatthesametimemorallywhiteanduntainted,canbeconsideredgreywiththeopeningoftheplay.Histragedyiscausedbyhisnaiveté

attrustingpeopletooeasily.Inthisplay,thereisacharacterIagowhoiscontrarytoOthelloinnature.Heistheembodimentofevil.Hemanipulatesthedevelopmentoftheplayandallthecharactersintheplayandleadsasorrytragedy.

Iago’slivinggospelis“Onewholivesonlyforhimself”.Hetakeseverykindofmeasurestorealizehisbenefit.Faciallyheisverygoodandhonest.Hejustwantstogettrustf