17年6级阅读理解12篇Word文档格式.docx

17年6级阅读理解12篇Word文档格式.docx

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HistorianPaulLovejoyrelatesthatthecultivationofkolanutsinWestAfricaishundredsofyearsold.Theleafy,spreadingtreeswereplantedongravesandaspartoftraditionalrituals.Eventhoughthenuts,whichneedtostaymoist,canbesomewhatdelicatetotransport,traderscarriedthemhundredsofmilesthroughouttheforestsandgrasslands.

Europeansdidnotknowofthemuntilthe1500s,whenPortugueseshipsarrivedonthecoastofwhatisnowSierraLeone.AndwhilethePortuguesetookpartinthetrade,ferryingnutsdownthecoastalongwithothergoods,by1620,whenEnglishexplorerRichardJobsonmadehiswayuptheGambia,thenutswerestillpeculiartohiseyes.

Bythelate19thcentury,kolanutswerebeingshippedbythetonnetoEuropeandtheUS.Manymadetheirwayintomedicines,intendedasakindofenergyboost.OnesuchpopularmedicinaldrinkwasVinMariani,aFrenchproductconsistingofcocaextractmixedwithredwine.ItwascreatedbyaFrenchchemist,AngeloMariani,in1863.SowhenPembertoncreatedhisdrink,itrepresentedanongoingtrend.Whencocaineeventuallyfellfromgraceasabeverageingredient,kola-extractcolasbecamepopular.

Thefirstyearitwasavailable,Coca-ColaaveragednineservingsadayacrossalltheAtlantasodafountainswhereitwassold.Asitgrewmorepopular,thecompanysoldrightstobottlethesoda,soitcouldtraveleasily.Todayabout1.9billionCokesarepurchaseddaily.It'

sbecomesoiconicthatattemptstochangeitstastein1985—sweeteningitinamoveprojectedtoboostsales—proveddisastrous,withwidespreadangerfromconsumers."

Coca-ColaClassic"

returnedtostoreshelvesjustthreemonthsafterthe"

NewCoke"

wasreleased.

Thesedays,theCoca-Colarecipeisacloselyguardedsecret.Butit'

ssaidtonolongercontainkolanutextract,relyinginsteadonartificialimitationstoachievetheflavour.

46.WhatdowelearnaboutchemistJohnPemberton?

A）Heusedastrangelypotentingredientinafoodsupplement.

B）Hecreatedadrinkcontainingalcoholwithoutbreakinglaw.

C）Hebecamenotoriousbecauseofthecocadrinkhedeveloped.

D）Heriskedbreakinglocallawtomakeadrinkwithcocaleaves.

47.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutkolanuts?

A）TheircommercialvaluewasfirstdiscoveredbyPortuguesesettlers.

B）Theycontainsomekindofenergyboostnotfoundinanyotherfood.

C）ManywereshippedtoEuropeinthelate19thcenturyformedicinaluse.

D）TheywerestrangetotheEuropeanswhenfirstimportedfromWestAfrica.

48.Howcomekola-extractcolasbecamepopular?

A）Cocainehadbecomenotorious.

B）Alcoholicdrinkswereprohibited.

C）Fountainsweresetuptosellthem.

D）Rightsweresoldtobottlethesoda.

49.WhatisknownaboutthetasteofCoca-Cola?

A）Itwassodesignedastocreateaddictioninconsumers.

B）Itstillreliesontraditionalkolanutextract.

C）Ithasbecomemorepopularamongtheold.

D）Ithasremainedvirtuallyunchangedsinceitscreation.

50.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A）TheevolutionofCoca-Cola.

B）ThesuccessstoryofCoca-Cola.

C）ThemedicinalvalueofCoca-Cola.

D）ThebusinessstrategyofCoca-Cola.

17.12阅读理解1B

Twentyyearsago,theUrbanLandInstitutedefinedthetwotypesofcitiesthatdominatedtheUSlandscape:

smallercitiesthatoperatedaroundstandard9-5businesshoursandlargemetropolitanareasthatranall24hoursoftheday.Analyzingandcomparingcitiesusingthelensofthisbasicdividegivesinterestingcontexttohowinvestmentcapitalflowsandhousingpriceshaveshifted.

Inrecentyears,manymid-sizedcitieshavebeguntoadoptamiddle-of-the-roadapproachincorporatingtheexcitementandopportunityoflargecitieswithsmallcities'

quietaftermidnight.These18-hourcitiesarebeginningtomakewavesinrealestaterankingsandattractmorerealestateinvestment.Whatisunderlyingthisnewmovementinrealestate,andwhydothesecitieshavesomuchappeal?

18-hourcitiescombinethebestof24-hourand9-5cities,whichcontributestodowntownrevitalization.Fordecades,manydowntowncoresinsmalltomid-sizedcitieswereabandonedafterworkhoursbyworkerswholivedinthesuburbs.Movementoutofcitycenterswaswidespread,anddowntowntenantswerepredominantlymadeupoftheworkingpoor.Thisgeneratedlittlecommercefordowntownbusinessesintheevenings,whichmadebusinessandgeneratingtaxrevenueformunicipalupkeepdifficult.Withtheriseofanewconceptinurbanplanningthataimstomakelifeeasierandmoreconvenient,however,increasingpopularityforurbanareasthatcasedtherealestatepushes,inmajorcitieslikeSanFranciscoorNewYork,hasinspiredatypeofforwardthinkingurbanityandinsmallercities.

Transformingdowntownareassothattheyincorporatemodernhousingandimprovedwalkabilitytolocalrestaurants,retail,andentertainment—especiallywhencombinedwithimprovedinfrastructureforcyclistsandpublictransit—makesthemappealtoamoreaffluentdemographic.Theseadjustmentsencourageemployersintheknowledgeandtalentindustriestokeeptheirofficesdowntown.Accesstofoottrafficandproximitytotransitallowthetypeofentertainment-orientedbusinessessuchasbarsandrestaurantstostayopenlater,whichattractsbothyounger,creativeworkersandbabyboomersnearingretirementalike.Becauseoftheirsmallersize,mostkeephoursthatallowpeopletoenjoythemselves,thenhavesomequietaftermidnight,asopposedtolargemajorcitieslikeNewYork,wherethebuzzofactivityisongoing.

These18-hourcitiesarerapidlyontheriseandoffergreatopportunitiesforhomeownerinvestment.InmanyofthesecitiessuchasDenver,adiverseandvigorouseconomyattractedtotheurbancorehasofferedstableemploymentforresidents.Therighturbanmixhasproppeduphomeoccupancy,increasedpropertyvalues,andattractedsignificantinvestmentcapital.

51.WhatdowelearnaboutAmericancitiestwentyyearsago?

A）Theyweredividedintoresidentialandbusinessareas.

B）Theirhousingpriceswerelinkedwiththeirprosperity.

C）Therewasacleardividebetweenlargeandsmallcities.

D）Theywereplaceswherelargeinvestmentcapitalflowed.

52.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabout18-hourcities?

A）Theyespeciallyappealtosmallbusinesses.

B）Theyhaveseenariseinpropertyprices.

C）Theyhavereplacedquietwithexcitement.

D）TheyhavechangedAmerica'

slandscape.

53.Yearsago,manydowntowncoresinsmalltomid-sizedcities.

A）hadhardlyanybusinessactivity

B）werecrowdedinbusinesshours

C）exhibitednosignsofprosperity

D）lookeddesertedintheevenings

54.Whatcharacterizesthenewdowntownareasin18-hourcities?

A）Asuddenemergenceoftheknowledgeindustry.

B）Floodinginoflargecrowdsofmigrantworkers.

C）Modernizedhousingandimprovedinfrastructure.

D）Morecomfortablelifeandgreaterupwardmobility.

55.Whathave18-hourcitiesbroughttothelocalresidents?

A）Morechancesforpromotion.B）Healthierlivingenvironment.

C）Greaterculturaldiversity.D）Betterjobopportunities.

17.12阅读理解2A

InthebeginningofthemovieI,Robot,arobothastodecidewhomtosaveaftertwocarsplungeintothewater—DelSpoonerorachild.EventhoughSpoonerscreams"

Saveher!

Saveher!

"

therobotrescueshimbecauseitcalculatesthathehasa45percentchanceofsurvivalcomparedtoSarah'

s11percent.Therobot'

sdecisionanditscalculatedapproachraiseanimportantquestion:

wouldhumansmakethesamechoice?

Andwhichchoicewouldwewantourroboticcounterpartstomake?

IsaacAsimovevadedthewholenotionofmoralityindevisinghisthreelawsofrobotics,whichholdthat1.Robotscannotharmhumansorallowhumanstocometoharm;

2.Robotsmustobeyhumans,exceptwheretheorderwouldconflictwithlaw1;

and3.Robotsmustactinself-preservation,unlessdoingsoconflictswithlaws1or2.TheselawsareprogrammedintoAsimov'

srobots—theydon'

thavetothink,judge,orvalue.Theydon'

thavetolikehumansorbelievethathurtingthemiswrongorbad.Theysimplydon'

tdoit.

TherobotwhorescuesSpooner'

slifeinI,RobotfollowsAsimov'

szerothlaw:

robotscannotharmhumanity（asopposedtoindividualhumans）orallowhumanitytocometoharm—anexpansionofthefirstlawthatallowsrobotstodeterminewhat'

sinthegreatergood.Underthefirstlaw,arobotcouldnotharmadangerousgunman,butunderthezerothlaw,arobotcouldkillthegunmantosaveothers.

Whetherit'

spossibletoprogramarobotwithsafeguardssuchasAsimov'

slawsisdebatable.Awordsuchas"

harm"

isvague（whataboutemotionalharm?

Isreplacingahumanemployeeharm?

）,andabstractconceptspresentcodingproblems.TherobotsinAsimov'

sfictionexposecomplicationsandloopholesinthethreelaws,andevenwhenthelawswork,robotsstillhavetoassesssituations.

Assessingsituationscanbecomplicated.Arobothastoidentifytheplayers,conditions,andpossi