1994年大学英语四级共18页word资料Word下载.docx
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观察内容的选择，我本着先静后动，由近及远的原则，有目的、有计划的先安排与幼儿生活接近的，能理解的观察内容。
随机观察也是不可少的，是相当有趣的，如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛虫等，孩子一边观察，一边提问，兴趣很浓。
我提供的观察对象，注意形象逼真，色彩鲜明，大小适中，引导幼儿多角度多层面地进行观察，保证每个幼儿看得到，看得清。
看得清才能说得正确。
在观察过程中指导。
我注意帮助幼儿学习正确的观察方法，即按顺序观察和抓住事物的不同特征重点观察，观察与说话相结合，在观察中积累词汇，理解词汇，如一次我抓住时机，引导幼儿观察雷雨，雷雨前天空急剧变化，乌云密布，我问幼儿乌云是什么样子的，有的孩子说：
乌云像大海的波浪。
有的孩子说“乌云跑得飞快。
”我加以肯定说“这是乌云滚滚。
”当幼儿看到闪电时，我告诉他“这叫电光闪闪。
”接着幼儿听到雷声惊叫起来，我抓住时机说：
“这就是雷声隆隆。
”一会儿下起了大雨，我问：
“雨下得怎样?
”幼儿说大极了，我就舀一盆水往下一倒，作比较观察，让幼儿掌握“倾盆大雨”这个词。
雨后，我又带幼儿观察晴朗的天空，朗诵自编的一首儿歌：
“蓝天高，白云飘，鸟儿飞，树儿摇，太阳公公咪咪笑。
”这样抓住特征见景生情，幼儿不仅印象深刻，对雷雨前后气象变化的词语学得快，记得牢，而且会应用。
我还在观察的基础上，引导幼儿联想，让他们与以往学的词语、生活经验联系起来，在发展想象力中发展语言。
如啄木鸟的嘴是长长的，尖尖的，硬硬的，像医生用的手术刀―样，给大树开刀治病。
通过联想，幼儿能够生动形象地描述观察对象。
SectionA
一般说来，“教师”概念之形成经历了十分漫长的历史。
杨士勋（唐初学者，四门博士）《春秋谷梁传疏》曰：
“师者教人以不及，故谓师为师资也”。
这儿的“师资”，其实就是先秦而后历代对教师的别称之一。
《韩非子》也有云：
“今有不才之子……师长教之弗为变”其“师长”当然也指教师。
这儿的“师资”和“师长”可称为“教师”概念的雏形，但仍说不上是名副其实的“教师”，因为“教师”必须要有明确的传授知识的对象和本身明确的职责。
1.A）Onceaweek.
B）Twiceaweek.
C）Threetimesaweek.
D）Fourtimesaweek.（C）
2.A）Helefthisnotesathome.
B）Hedoesn’tknowwherehisnotesare.
C）Hedoesn’twanttolendhisnotestothewoman.
D）Heagreestolendherhisnotes.（D）
3.A）Hewillgoinspiteofthecoldweather.
B）Hewon’tgosinceheisnotfeelingwell.
C）Hewillgowhenhefeelsbetter.
D）Hewon’tgoashehasn’tfinishedhiswork.（B）
4.A）Checkthetimetable.
B）Gototherailwaystationearlier.
C）Travelonalatertrain.
D）Cancelthetripearlier.（C）
5.A）InNewYork.
B）InBoston.
C）InNewport.
D）InWashington.（D）
6.A）Aclerkattheairportinformationdesk.
B）Aclerkattherailwaystationinformationdesk.
C）Apoliceman.
D）Ataxi-driver.（A）
7.A）Aguestandareceptionist.
B）Apassengerandanairhostess.
C）Acustomerandashopassistant.
D）Aguestandawaitress.（B）
8.A）He’sbetter.
B）He’sfeelingworse.
C）He’ssickinbed.
D）Hehasrecovered.（A）
9.A）Themandidn’twantthewomantohaveherhaircut.
B）Thewomanfollowedtheman’sadvice.
C）Thewomaniswearinglonghairnow.
D）Themandidn’tcareifthewomanhadherhaircutornot.（A）
10.A）HewillreturnfromParisintwoweeks.
B）HeisstudyingFrenchinParis.
C）HeishavingavacationinParis.
D）HeisplanningtogobacktoParisinayear.（B）
SectionB
PassageOne
Questions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
11.A）Washingplates.
B）Clearingtables.
C）Shiningshoes.
D）Sweepingthefloor.（C）
12.A）Hemustworksixdaysaweek.
B）Heshouldneverbelateforwork.
C）Hemuststudyhardinhissparetime.
D）Heshouldnotbringhisfriendstotherestaurant.（B）
13.A）Topayhimforhiswork.
B）Tolethimhave3mealsadayintherestaurant.
C）Togivehisfriendsfreedrinks.
D）Toallowhimtohavemorefreetime.（A）
14.A）Becausetheboywasnotafull-timeworker.
B）Becausetheboyhadmadesomemistakes.
C）Becausehethoughttheboyhadfailedtomeethisrequirements.
D）Becausehethoughtitwashissonwhoshouldpayhim.（D）
PassageTwo
Questions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
15.A）Watchingtraditionalplays.
B）Visitingthemagnificentlibraries.
C）Boatingontheriver.
D）Cyclinginnarrowstreets.（C）
16.A）Therearemanyvisitorsthere.
B）Therearemanystudentsthere.
C）Therearemanyoldstreetsthere.
D）Therearemanybicyclesthere.（D）
17.A）Hethinksthecityistoocrowded.
B）Helikestheplaceverymuch.
C）Hethinksthestreetsaretoonarrow.
D）Headmiresthecomfortablelifeofthestudentsthere.（B）
PassageThree
Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
18.A）Hewasgoodatwritingaboutinterestingpeople.
B）Itwasmucheasiertowritestoriesaboutpeople.
C）Hebelievedthatpeoplearealwayseasiertolearnaboutotherpeople.
D）Hethoughtpeopleplayedanimportantroleinworldevents.（C）
19.A）Action.
B）WorldNews.
C）Enterprise.
D）Facesandplaces.（A）
20.A）Heisasportsman.
B）Heisanactor.
C）Heisaphotographer.
D）Heisapublisher.（D）
PartIIReadingComprehension（35minutes）
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Supposewebuiltarobot（机器人）toexploretheplanetMars.Weprovidetherobotwithseeingdetectorstokeepitawayfromdanger.Itispoweredentirelybythesun.Shouldweprogramtherobottobeequallyactiveatalltimes?
No.Therobotwouldbeusingupenergyatatimewhenitwasnotreceivingany.Sowewouldprobablyprogramittoceaseitsactivityatnightandtowakeupatdawnthenextmorning.
Accordingtotheevolutionary（进化的）theoryofsleep,evolutionequippeduswitharegularpatternofsleepingandwakingforthesamereason.Thetheorydoesnotdeny（否认）thatsleepprovidessomeimportantrestorativefunctions.Itmerelysaysthatevolutionhasprogrammedustoperformthosefunctionsatatimewhenactivitywouldbeinefficientandpossiblydangerous.However,sleepprotectsusonlyfromthesortoftroublewemightwalkinto;
itdoesnotprotectusfromtroublethatcomeslookingforus.Sowesleepwellwhenweareinfamiliar,safeplace,butwesleeplightly,ifatall,whenwefearthatbearswillnoseintothetent.
Theevolutionarytheoryaccountswellfordifferencesinsleepamongcreatures.Whydocats,forinstance,sleepsomuch,whilehorsessleepsolittle?
Surelycatsdonotneedfivetimesasmuchrepairandrestorationashorsesdo.Butcatscanaffordtohavelongperiodsofinactivitybecausetheyspendlittletimeeatingandareunlikelytobeattackedwhiletheysleep.Horsesmustspendalmostalltheirwakinghourseating,becausewhattheyeatisverylowinenergyvalue.Moreover,theycannotaffordtosleeptoolongortoodeeply,becausetheirsurvivaldependsontheirabilitytorunawayfromattackers.
21.Theauthorusestheexampleoftherobotinspaceexplorationtotellus________.
A）thedifferencesbetweenrobotsandmen
B）thereasonwhymenneedtosleep
C）abouttheneedforrobotstosavepower
D）aboutthedangerofmenworkingatnight（B）
22.Evolutionhasprogrammedmantosleepatnightchieflytohelphim________.
A）maintainaregularpatternoflife
B）preventtroublethatcomeslookingforhim
C）avoiddangerandinefficientlabor
D）restorehisbodilyfunctions（C）
23.Accordingtotheauthor,wecannotsleepwellwhenwe________.
A）areworryingaboutoursafety
B）areoverworked
C）areinatent
D）areawayfromhome（A）
24.Catssleepmuchmorethanhorsesdopartlybecausecats________.
A）needmoretimeforrestoration
B）areunlikelytobeattackers
C）aremoreactivethanhorseswhentheyareawake
D）spendlesstimeeatingtogetenoughenergy（D）
25.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?
________.
A）Evolutionhasequippedallcreatureswitharegularpatternofsleepingandwaking.
B）Thestudyofsleepisanimportantpartoftheevolutionarytheory.
C）Sleepingpatternsmustbetakenintoconsiderationinthedesigningofrobots.
D）Thesleepingpatternofalivingcreatureisdeterminedbythefooditeats.（A）
Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
“Congratulations,Mr.Jones,it’sagirl.”
Fatherhoodisgoingtohaveadifferentmeaningandbringforthadifferentresponsefromeverymanwhohearsthesewords.Somefeelpridewhentheyreceivethenews,whileothersworry,wonderingwhethertheywillbegoodfather.Althoughtherearesomemenwholikechildrenandmayhavehadconsiderableexperiencewiththem,othersdonotparticularlycareforchildrenandspendlittletimewiththem.Manyfathersandmothershavebeenplanningandlookingforwardtochildrenforsometime.Forothercouples,pregnancy（怀孕）wasanaccidentthatbothhusbandandwifehaveacceptedwillinglyorunwillingly.
Whateverthereactiontothebirthofachild,itisobviousthattheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffatherisadifficulttask.Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisresocializationprocess.AlthoughnumerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutAmericanmothers,onlyrecentlyhasliteraturefocusedontheroleofafather.
Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthetransitiontothefather’srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthetransitionthewifemustmaketothemother’srole.Themother’sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutine（生活规律）andhighlyinnovative（创新的）adaptation,ontheotherhand,thefather’sroleislessdemandingandimmediate.However,eventhoughwementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome,thefatherisstillthoughtbymanyasthebreadwinnerinthehousehold.
26.Accordingtotheauthor,beingafather________.
A）bringsafeelingofexcitementtosomemen
B）hasadifferentmeaningforthosewhohavedaughters
C）makessomemenfeelproudandothersuneasy
D）meansnothingbutmoreresponsibilities（C）
27.Itisstatedinthepassagethat________.
A）someparentsarenotpreparedtohaveachild
B）youngcouplesdonotlikechildrenatall
C）workingcouplesdonothavemuchtimetotakecareoftheirchildren
D）manyparentslookforwardtohavingaboyastheirfirstchild（A）
28.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthor________.
A）criticizesfathersfornottakingenoughresponsibilities
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