大学英语四级真题及答案完整版Word格式.docx

大学英语四级真题及答案完整版Word格式.docx

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SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Justbecausetheycan'

tsingoperaorrideabicycledoesn'

tmeanthatanimalsdon'

thaveculture.There'

snobetterexampleofthisthankillerwhales.Asoneofthemost_____（27）predators（食肉动物），killerwhalesmaynotfitthe_____（28）ofaculturedcreature.However,thesebeastsoftheseadodisplayavastrangeofhighly_____（29）behaviorsthatappeartobedrivingtheirgeneticdevelopment.

Theword"

culture"

comesfromtheLatin"

colere"

which_____（30）means"

tocultivate"

.Inotherwords,itreferstoanythingthatis_____（31）orlearnt,ratherthaninstinctiveornatural.Amonghumanpopulations,culturenotonlyaffectsthewaywelive,butalsowritesitselfintoourgenes,affectingwhoweare.Forinstance,havingspentmanygenerationshuntingthefatmarinemammalsoftheArctic,theEskimosofGreenlandhavedevelopedcertaingenetic_____（32）thathelpthemdigestandutilizethisfat-richdiet,therebyallowingthemto_____（33）intheircoldclimate.

Likehumans,killerwhaleshavecolonizedarangeofdifferent_____（34）acrosstheglobe,occupyingeveryoceanbasinontheplanet,withanempirethat_____（35）frompoletopole.Assuch,differentpopulationsofkillerwhaleshavehadtolearndifferenthuntingtechniquesinordertogaintheupperhandovertheirlocalprey（猎物）.This,inturn,hasamajoreffectontheirdiet,leadingscientiststo_____（36）thattheabilitytolearnpopulation-specifichuntingmethodscouldbedrivingtheanimals'

geneticdevelopment.

【选项】

PartⅢReadingSectionB

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Livingwithparentsedgesoutotherlivingarrangementsfor18-to34-year-olds.

[A]Broaddemographic（人口的）shiftsismaritalstatus,educationalattainmentandemploymenthavetransformedthewayyoungadultsinthe.areliving,andanewPewResearchCenteranalysishighlightstheimplicationsofthesechangesforthemostbasicelementoftheirlives—wheretheycallhome.In2014,forthefirsttimeinmorethan130years,adultsages18to34wereslightlymorelikelytobelivingintheirparents'

homethantheyweretobelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold.

[B]ThisturnofeventsisfueledprimarilybythedramaticdropintheshareofyoungAmericanswhoarechoosingtosettledownromanticallybeforeage35.Datingbackto1880,themostcommonlivingarrangementamongyoungadultshasbeenlivingwitharomanticpartner,whetheraspouseorasignificantother.Thistypeofarrangementpeakedaround1960,when62%ofthenation'

s18-to34-year-oldswerelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold,andonlyone-in-fivewerelivingwiththeirparents.

[C]By2014,%ofyoungadultswerelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold,belowthesharelivinginthehomeoftheirparent（s）%）.Some14%ofyoungadultslivedalone,wereasingleparentorlivedwithoneormoreroommates.Theremaining22%livedinthehomeofanotherfamilymember（suchasagrandparent,in-laworsibling（兄弟姐妹））,anon-relative,oringroupquarterslikecollegedormitories.

[D]It'

sworthnotingthattheoverallshareofyoungadultslivingwiththeirparentswasnotatarecordhighin2014.Thisarrangementpeakedaround1940,whenabout35%ofthenation'

s18-to34-year-oldslivedwithmomand/ordad（comparedwith32%in2014）.Whathaschanged,instead,istherelativeshareadoptingdifferentwaysoflivinginearlyadulthood,withthedeclineofromanticcouplingpushinglivingathometothetopofamuchlessuniformlistoflivingarrangements.

Amongyoungadults,livingarrangementsdiffersignificantlybygender.Formenages18to34,livingathomewithmomand/ordadhasbeenthedominantlivingarrangementsince2009,In2014,28%ofyoungmenwerelivingwithaspouseofpartnerintheirownhome,while35%werelivinginthehomeoftheirparent（s）.Youngwomen,however,arestillmorelikelytobelivingwithaspouseofromanticpartner（35%）thantheyaretobelivingwiththeirparent（s）（29%）.

[F]In2014,moreyoungwomen（16%）thanyoungmen（13%）wereheadingupahouseholdwithoutaspouseorpartner.Thisismainlybecausewomenaremorelikelythanmentobesingleparentslivingwiththeirchildren.Fortheirpart,youngmen（25%）aremorelikelythanyoungwomen（19%）tobelivinginthehomeofanotherfamilymember,anon-relativeorinsometypeofgroupquarters.

[G]Avarietyoffactorscontributetothelong-runincreaseintheshareofyoung.Adultslivingwiththeparents.Thefirstinthepostponementof,ifnotretreatfrom,marriage.Theaverageageoffirstmarriagehasrisensteadilyfordecades.Inaddition,agrowingshareofyoungadultmaybeavoidingmarriagealtogether.ApreviousPewResearchCenteranalysisprojectedthatasmanyasone-in-fouroftoday'

syoungadultmaynevermarry.Whilecohabitation（同居）hasbeenontherise,theoverallshareofyoungadultseithermarriedorlivingwithanunmarriedpartnerhassubstantiallyfallensince1990.

[H]Inaddition,trendsinbothemploymentstatusandwageshavelikelycontributedtothegrowingshareofyoungadultswhoarelivinginthehomeoftheirparent（s）,andthisisespeciallytrueofyoungmen.Employedyoungmenaremuchlesslikelytoliveathomethanyoungmenwithoutajob,andemploymentamongyoungmenhasfallensignificantlyinrecentdecades.Theshareofyoungmenwithjobspeakedaround1960at84%.In2014,only71%of18-to34-year-oldmenwereemployed.Similarlywithearnings,youngmen'

swages（afteradjustingforinflation）havebeenonadownwardtrajectory（轨迹）since1970andfellsignificantlyform2000to2010.Aswageshavefallen,theshareofyoungmenlivinginthehomeoftheirparent（s）hasrisen.

[I]Economicfactorsseemtoexplainlessofwhyyoungadultwomenareincreasinglylikelytoliveathome.Generally,youngwomenhavehadgrowingsuccessinthepaidlabormarketsince1960andhencemightincreasinglybeexpectedtobeabetoaffordtoaffordtoliveindependentlyoftheirparents.Forwomen,delayedmarriage--whichisrelated,inpart,tolabormarketoutcomesformen—mayexplainmoreoftheincreaseintheirlivinginthefamilyhome.

[J]TheGreatRecession（andmodestrecovery）hasalsobeenassociatedwithanincreaseinyoungadultslivingathome.Initiallyinthewakeoftherecession,collegeenrollmentsexpanded,boostingtheranksofyoungadultslivingathome.Andgiventheweakjobopportunitiesfacingyoungadults,livingathomewaspartoftheprivatesafetynethelpyoungadultstoweathertheeconomicstorm.

[K]Beyondgender,youngadult'

slivingarrangementsdifferconsiderablebyeducation—whichistiedtofinancialmeans.Foryoungadultswithoutabachelor'

sdegree,asof2008livingathomewiththeirparentswasmoreprevalentthanlivingwitharomanticpartner.By2014,36%of18-to34-year-oldswhohadnotcompletedabachelor'

sdegreewerelivingwiththeirparent（s）while27%werelivingwithaspouseorpartner.Amongcollegegraduates,in201446%weremarriedorlivingwithapartner,andonly19%werelivingwiththeirparent（s）.Youngadultswithacollegedegreehavefaredmuchbetterinthelabormarketthantheirless-educatedcounterparts,whichhasinturnmadeiteasiertoestablishtheirownhouseholds.

37.【题干】Unemployedyoungmenaremorelikelytolivewiththeirparentsthantheemployed.

38.【题干】In2014,thepercentageofmenaged18to34livingwiththeirparentswasgreaterthanthatoftheirfemalecounterparts.

39.【题干】Thepercentageofyoungpeoplewhoaremarriedorlivewithapartnerhasgreatlydecreasedinthepastthreedecadesorso.

40.【题干】Aroundthemid-20thcentury,only20percentof18-to34-year-oldlivedintheirparents'

home.

41.【题干】Youngadultswithacollegedegreefounditeasiertoliveindependentlyoftheirparents.

42.【题干】Youngmenarelesslikelytoendupassingleparentsthanyoungwomen.

43.【题干】Moreyoungadultwomenlivewiththeirparentsthanbeforeduetodelayedmarriage.

44.【题干】Thepercentageofyoungmenwholivewiththeirparentshasgrownduetotheirdecreasedpayinrecentdecades.

45.【题干】Theriseinthenumberofcollegestudentsmademoreyoungadultslivewiththeirparents.

46.【题干】Onereasonforyoungadultstolivewiththeirparentsisthatgetmarriedlateorstaysinglealltheirlives

PartⅢReadingSectionC

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA、B、C、andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Passage