毕业设计论文 外文文献翻译 基于ARM的嵌入式系统的速成样机平台设计 中英文对照.docx

毕业设计论文 外文文献翻译 基于ARM的嵌入式系统的速成样机平台设计 中英文对照.docx

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TheDesignofaRapidPrototypePlatformforARMBased

EmbeddedSystem

G.P.HALKES,T.VANDAM.K.G.LANGENDOEN

Hardwareprototypeisavitalstepintheembeddedsystemdesign.Inthispaper,wediscussourdesignofafastprototypingplatformforARMbasedembeddedsystems,providingalow-costsolutiontomeettherequestofflexibilityandtestabilityinembeddedsystemprototypedevelopment.Italsoencouragesconcurrentdevelopmentofdifferentpartsofsystemhardwareaswellasmodulereusing.

ThoughthefastprototypingplatformisdesignedforARMbasedembeddedsystem,ourideaisgeneralandcanbeappliedtoembeddedsystemofothertypes.

LINTRODUCTION

Embeddedsystemsarefoundeverywhere,includingincellulartelephones,pagers,VCRs,camcorders,thermostats,curbsiderental-carcheck-indevices,automatedsupermarketStockers,computerizedinventorycontroldevices,digitalthermometers,telephoneansweringmachines,printers,portablevideogames,TVset-topboxes―thelistgoeson.Demandforembeddedsystemislarge,andisgrowingrapidly.

Inordertodelivercorrect-the-first-timeproductswithcomplexsystemrequirementsandtime-to-marketpressure,designverificationisvitalintheembeddedsystemdesignprocess.Apossiblechoiceforverificationistosimulatethesystembeingdesigned.Ifahigh-levelmodelforthesystemisused,simulationisfastbutmaynotbeaccurateenough,withalow-levelmodeltoomuchtimemayberequiredtoachievethedesiredlevelofconfidenceinthequalityoftheevaluation.Sincedebuggingofrealsystemshastotakeintoaccountthebehaviorofthetargetsystemaswellasitsenvironment,runtimeinformationisextremelyimportant.Therefore,staticanalysiswithsimulationmethodsistooslowandnotsufficient.Andsimulationcannotrevealdeepissuesinrealphysicalsystem.

Ahardwareprototypeisafaithfulrepresentationofthefinaldesign,guarantyingitsreal-timebehavior.Anditisalsothebasictooltofinddeepbugsinthehardware.Forthesereasons,ithasbecomeacrucialstepinthewholedesignflow.Traditionally,aprototypeisdesignedsimilarlytothetargetsystemwithalltheconnectionsfixedonthePCB（printedcircuitboards）.

Asembeddedsystemsaregettingmorecomplex,theneedsforthoroughtestingbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Advancesinsurface-mountpackagingandmultiple-layerPCBfabricationhaveresultedinsmallerboardsandmorecompactlayout,makingtraditionaltestmethods,e.g.,externaltestprobesand"bed-of-nails"testfixtures,hardertoimplement.Asaresult,acquiringsignalsonboards,whichisbeneficialtohardwaretestingandsoftwaredevelopment,becomesinfeasible,andtrackingbugsinprototypebecomesincreasinglydifficult.Thustheprototypedesignhastotakeaccountoftestability.However,simplyaddingsometestpointsisnotenough.Iferrorsontheprototypearedetected,suchasmisconnectionsofsignals,itcouldbeimpossibletocorrectthemonthemultiple-layerPCBboardwithallthecomponentsmounted.Allthesewouldleadtoanotherroundofprototypefabrication,makingdevelopmenttimeextendandcostincrease.

Besidestestability,itisimportanttomaintainhighflexibilityduringdevelopmentoftheprototypeasdesignspecificationchangesarecommon.Nowadayscomplexsystemsareoftennotbuiltfromscratchbutareassembledbyreusingpreviouslydesignedmodulesoroff-the-shelfcomponentssuchasprocessors,memoriesorperipheralcircuitryinordertocopewithmoreaggressivetime-to-marketconstraints.Followingthetop-downdesignmethodology,lotsofeffortinthedesignprocessisspentondecomposingthecustomers,requirementsintoproperfunctionalmodulesandinterfacingthemtocomposethetargetsystem.

SomepreviousresearchworkshavesuggestedthatFPLDs（fieldprogrammablelogicdevice）couldbeaddedtothefinaldesigntoprovideflexibilityasFPLDscanofferprogrammableinterconnectionsamongtheirpinsandmanymoreadvantages.However,extradevicesmayincreaseproductioncostandpowerdissipation,weakeningthemarketcompetitionpowerofthetargetsystem.Toaddresstheseproblems,therearealsosuggestionsthatFPLDscouldbeusedinhardwareprototypeasanintermediateapproachwhereasthiswouldstillbringmuchadditionalworktotheprototypedesign.Moreover,modulesontheprototypecannotbereuseddirectly.Inindustry,therehavebeencompaniesthatprovidecommercialsolutionsbasedonFPLDsforrapidprototyping[4].TheirproductsareaimedatSOC（systemonachip）functionalverificationinsteadofembeddedsystemdesignanddevelopment.

Inthispaper,wediscussourdesignofaRapidPrototypingPlatformforARMbasedEmbeddedSystem,providingalowcostsolutiontomeettherequestofflexibilityandtestabilityinembeddedsystemprototypedevelopment.Italsoencouragesconcurrentdevelopmentof