中英礼貌原则差异在商务沟通中的应用文档格式.docx

中英礼貌原则差异在商务沟通中的应用文档格式.docx

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作者签名：

Chyrie签字日期：

2010年12月30日

摘要

本论文首先强调了礼貌原则在跨文化商务沟通中的重要性，然后系统地对礼貌原则进行解释，并分析其在中英方面的差异性，接着陈述商务沟通的定义及组成部分。

分析完礼貌原则与商务沟通之后，本文再理论且现实地把二者联系起来，展现了中英礼貌原则差异在商务沟通中的应用，以期尽量避免在跨文化商务沟通由礼貌原则差异带来的误解，进而为公司达成最佳交易。

关键词：

礼貌原则差异，商务沟通，英语，汉语，应用

ABSTRACT

TheApplicationofDiversePolitenessPrinciplesBetweenChineseandEnglishinBusinessCommunication

ByOuMinzhen

Thisthesisfirstemphasizesthesignificanceofthepolitenessprinciplesininterculturalbusinesscommunication;

seconditsystematicallygivesageneralknowledgeaboutpolitenessprinciplesbothinChineseandEnglish-speakingcountriesandfindsoutthefactorsaboutbusinesscommunication;

thenfollowingitpresentsthelinkbetweenthetwobyshowingtheapplicationofthediversepolitenessprinciplesbetweenChineseandEnglishineachpartofbusinesscommunication,theoreticallyandrealistically,inthehopeofhelpingavoidthemisunderstandingsinthecommunicatonandmakethebestforthecompanies.

Keywords:

diversepolitenessprinciples,businesscommunication,Chinese,English,application

CONTENTS

摘要………..……………………………………………………………………….i

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………ii

CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………….iii

CHAPTERONEINTRODUCTION………………………………………………1

CHAPTERTWOOVERVIEWOFPOLITENESSPRICIPLESANDBUSINESSCOMMUNICATON..…………………………………………………………………2

2.1PolitenessPrinciples……………………………………………………….22.1.1TheDefinitionofPolitenessPrinciple..……..………………………......2

2.1.2TheExistentDiversityofPolitenessPrinciplesbetweenChineseandEnglish……………………………………………………………………………..2

2.1.3FactorsAffectingtheDiversity…………………………………………..3

2.2BusinessCommunication…………...……………………………………….3

2.2.1TheDefinitionofBusinessCommunication……………………………..3

2.2.2OralCommunicationinBusinessCommunication………………………4

2.2.3WrittenCommunicationinBusinessCommunication…………………...4

2.2.4NoverbalCommunicationinBusinessCommunication………………....5

CHAPTERTHREEAPPLICATIONofDIVERSEPOLITENESSPRINCIPLESBETWEENCHINESEANDENGLISHINBUSINESSCOMMUNICATION……..5

3.1ApplicationinOralCommunicationinBusniess………………………….....5

3.1.1PublicOralCommunication……………………………….………....…5

3.1.1InterpersonalOralCommunication……………………...…………...6

3.2ApplicationinWrittenCommunicationinBusniess………………..………..6

3.2.1BusinessCorrespondence………….…………………………..……...6

3.3ApplicationinNonverbalCommunicationinBusniess……..….……..…7

3.3.1FacialExpression……………………………………………...……...7

3.3.3SpaceandPromexic…………………………………………………...7

CHAPTERFOURCONCLUSION.......................................................................8

REFERENCES…………………………………………………………..…………...9

CHAPTERONE

Introduction

1.1Introduction

Whenitcomestobusinessactivities,thingsmaybewhetherimportantortrivial.Successfulandeffectivebusinesscommunicationsarecrucialtobusinessactivities.Beforeyoucommunicatingoverseasinbusinessenviroment,youshouldhavebeenacquaintedwithsufficientbusinessknowledgetoknowhnowhowtoholdsenseofpropertymoreandbewell-behavedandgraceful.Beinganessentialqualityinbusinesscommunication,politenessprincipleshaverichculturalconnotation.However，thoseprinciplesvarygreatlybecausedifferentculturalandhistoricalbackgroundandcustomsofeachnation.

WiththeChineseeconomicdevelopmentandtheworldeconomyintegrationandtheglobalizationtendencystrengtheningincreasingly,theinternationalcooperationbetweenChinaandEnglishspokencountiresaroundtheworldbecomemoreandmorefrequent.,especiallyafterChina’senteringtoWTO,theglobalcooperationineconomyandtechnologyandtheprogressoftradingissuesarefrequentandblossoming,whichleadtoagreatnumberofneedsofgood-qualifiedgenius.Businesscommunicationbecomes 

muchmorepopularandimportantinmodernsociety.Inbusinesscommunicaton,bothsideshavetherelationshipofnotonlycooperationbutalsocompetition.Underthiscircumstance,aswellasgettingthebestprofitforeachotherbyusinganintimateknowledgeofbusinessandgoodeloquence,toinsuretherelationgshipgoeswell,properandpolitelanguagefunctionsagreat.Tomywayofthinking,Chineseishigh-contextculture,whilemanyEnglishspokencountriesarelow-contextones.Thus,thepolitenessPrinciplesvarywithpersons,theirbeliefsandskills,apartfromthegeneralcontextsinwhichcommunicationsoccue.Itcanalsovarydramaticallyduetoculturedifferencesinareaslikecommunicationstylesanddecesion-makingpatterns.That’stosay,intermsofpolitenessprinciples,thereexistmanydifferences,orrather,barrierstoovercome.Forinstance,inChinese,publicdisplayofemotionisasignofimmaturityandapotentialcauseofshametothegroup,whereasinAmerican,adeliberateconcealmentofemotionisconsideredtobeinsincereorpoker-face.IfaChinesefirmisnegotiatingwithanAmericanfirm,ithastounderstandthedifferencesothatitwon’tfeelhumiliatingbyothers’behaviors,oritcandosomethingtocatortothecooperativepartner.Indoingso,morechancesarethatbothsidescanreachthebestdeal,maintainingontonlycontactbutalsorelationship.That’swin-win,isn’tit?

CHAPTERTWO

OverviewofPolitenessPrincipleandBusinessCommunition

2.1PolitrnessPrinciple

2.1.1Thedefinitionofpolitenessprinciple

ThedefinitionofpolitenessforuniversalshasshownconsiderabledivergenceandlackofclarityastheyhavereceivedincreasedattentionsinceBrownandLevinson'

s（1978）proposedframework.Toachievecertainspecificgoalsinalanguagecommunicationactivity,thespeakers,aswellasthelisteners,aresupposedtoobeyanintangibleruleknownasconversationalprinciple.However,inpractice,itcannotaccountforwhypeoplesometimesemployeuphemismsorfuzzylanguage,whichareprobablyoutofpoliteness.AccordingtoBrownandLevinson（1987:

61）,“Everysocialmemberthathasinterpersonalabilityinclinestoadecentpublicself-image.”Beingpoliteaimsatlesseningthethreateningaftermathsofsomecommunicativebehaviors.Leech（1983）definespolitenessasformsofbehaviourthatestablishandmaintaincomity.Thatistheabilityofparticipantsinasocialinteractiontoengageininteractioninanatmosphereofrelativeharmony.LeechproposesPolitenessPrinciplewhichcomprisesmaximsoftact,generosity,approbation,andmodestywhichseemtoaccountbetterforthetypesofutterceproducesinthenameofpoliteness.LeechplacespolitenessprincipleasamenberofasetprinciplesthathecallsInternationalRhetoric.InstatinghismaximsLeechuseshisowntermsfortwokindsofillocutionaryacts.Hecallsrepresentatives“assertives”,andcallsdirectives“impositives”.

2.1.2TheExistentDiversityofPolitenessPrinciplebetweenChineseandEnglish

ChineseandEnglishcultureshavedifferentcriteriaandimplementationstrategiesofpoliteness.Chineseculturalemphasisonmodestyguidelines,whileWesterncultureishighlightedappropriatecriteria.Modestystandardsrequirepeopletominimizetheirpraise,asmuchaspossibletodepreciateyourself.Westerncultureembracedeachothertoavoiddamagetopraiseeachother'

sface,soitispolite.Thus,westernerstendtoacceptcomplimentwithdelightandthankfulness,takingasuitratherthananegativeway,soasnottorevealwhoisinconsistentwiththecompliment,itisembarrassing.MostChinesepeopleareusedtodenyingandpromotingmodesty,butthisapproachmayprobablythreatentheWest.Inaddition,theWesternersheldbysomeindependentself-concept,whichhasarelativelyindependentandself-conceptofafixedkernel,thus,Westernersfocusonpersonalprivacyincommunicationandindependence,alwaysfromthestandpointofindividualism,emphasisonindividual'

sface.SomeoftheChinesepeopleheldbytheconceptofself-dependence,thisself-conceptofthekernelisnotstable,therelationshipbetweenothersandself-relativeisnotsoclear,sharp,self-coreaccordingtotherelationshipbetweenselfandothersmaybe,tobereleasedonlywhentheself-intheappropriatesocialrelationshipscanbemeaningful,willbecomecomplete.Therefore,Chineseintellectualsattachedgreatimportancetoparticipationandtherelationshipbetweenindividualsandgroups,focusingonthecollectivesenseofhonor;

incommunication,theyoftenproceedfromtheconceptofcollectiveculture,emphasizingthegroupsface.Self-conceptofChinesecultureisanotherfeatureofthefamilybloodforthescale,inclosecommunicationguidelinesforcompliance."

"

Forexample,whenChinesepeopleliketoaskpeopleintheprivatebusinesscommunication,ordisclosureoftheirprivateaffairswithoutreservation,becauseaccordingtotraditionalChinesepoliteness,understandingofprivatebusinessiscommunicationandtheotherpartyinordertoshortenthehorizontaldistanceandmadeaforcethatpositionedawayfromtheothersideofamaincommunicationrelativelycloseposition."

2.1.3FactorsAffectingtheDiversity

BackandcomparethedifferentculturaltrodictionsinChineseandthewest.ChinesecultureofcourtesyisrootedintheConfucianritesofthetraditional,whichhaslongdominatedtheidology.Prof.GuYueguohascontributedsignificantlytothestudyofpolitenessinmordernChineseholdsthattherearebasicallyfournotionsunderlyingtheChineseconceptionofLimao:

Modesty,AttitudinalWarmth,Refinement.Gu’sprinciplereflectsthetypicalChinesecharacteristics