年前美国的火灾American fireyears agoWord下载.docx

年前美国的火灾American fireyears agoWord下载.docx

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Gbuilding（AscheBuilding）,thatisa10story,veryclassiccommercialofficebuilding

Thebuildingqualityisprettygood.OnSaturday,March25,1911,at4:

40p.m.,thetragedywasover

Happenhere.

Thetrianglewomen'

sshirtscompanyhasrentedthetop3floorsofthebuilding.Nearly500employeesarethere

Mostoftheworkiswomen'

sclothingworkers.OnMarch25th,theeighth-floorworkshopsuddenlyburstintoflames.

Tothisday,nocauseofthefirehasbeendetected.

NearlyacenturyagointheUnitedStates,thegovernmenthadalimitedmandateintheeconomicsphereandhadneverthoughtofit

Aseriesofstandardsforworkplacesafety.Theowneroftheclothingfactoryissavingtherent,

Naturally,thesewingmachineisarrangedastightlyaspossible,andinalimitedspace,itiscrammedintoasmanyequipmentandworkersaspossible.

Inaddition,theworkshopisstrewnwithflammableclothandcardboardboxes,althoughthebuildingitselfisnotflammable,buttheroom

Oncethefirebrokeout,thefirespreadrapidlyandwentoutofhand.Andtheovercrowdedworkshopmakes

Theworkercouldnotescapeeasily.

Thefirestartedonthe8floor,andthefirewentup.Thetop10officestaffreceivedawarningcallinduecourse,

Evacuatedtotheroof.Theworstburnedistheninthfloor,whichistheferocityofthefire.Later,peoplefoundoutthat..,

Manywomenworkerswereburnedtodeathonsewingmachines.Therestoftheworkersontheelevatorandthrownintoapanicthenarrowstairs.

The8floorinafewminutesbecameaseaoffire,theelevatorquicklyfailed,hasneverreachedthe9floor.more

Tragically,thestairswerelocked,whichwasacommonpracticeofthatage-topreventfemaleworkersfromstealing

Plantproducts.Andallthepeopleweresealedaliveinthefire.Later,peoplecalledit"

death"

Deathtrap"

.

Deathisnotconfinedtotheinterior.Theironfireoutdoorswasquicklyburned,deformed,melted,andcollapsed.some

Unabletoendureburningyoungwomen,jumpedfromanaltitudeof24meters,thesidewalkiseverywhere.

Whofalls.Thetwowomenworkerswerehangingontheouterwall,andthepeopleinthestreetwatchedastheyheldonfor3minutes,

Theirfingersburneduntiltheflames,theyalsofell,fellonthesidewalk.

Firehasanacceleratedprocess,andpeopleinthefirebeforetheabilitytowithstandistheworst.Thefirecontinued

Itwasextinguishedinhalfanhour.146younglivesweredestroyedinthishalfanhour.

Ifthestrikewasaunionvictory......

ThetraditionalconceptintheUnitedStates,businessisbusinesspeopleownthings,donotdothegovernmentinterference,

Theterm"

contractfreedom"

iswhatthismeans.Suchtraditionsarenaturallyconducivetofreeeconomicdevelopment

Ontheotherhand,aftertheexpansionofeconomicscale,thecrisisofinabilitytoadjustlaborandcapitalconflictshasbeenexposed.

Withthemodernizationofindustry,industryitselfhasbeenreborn,expandingrapidly,completelynottheoriginalface

The.However,labourlegislationandthecorrespondingideashavenotkeptpacewiththeconsequentintensificationoflabour

Conflictofinformation.Theworkersthemselvesorganizedthemselves,demandingtherightsoftheirbosseswithstrikesandprotest,andtheboss

Fightanddealwiththeworkerstoprotecttheirowninterests.Thisisonlyapartialcatandmousegame

Negativeindefinite.ButtheentireAmericansocietyhasnotformulatedthecorrespondinglegalrule,toregulategraduallymodernized

Industrialrelations.Fireeventsoccurattheendofthisphase.

Theworkersalreadyhadtheirowntradeunionorganization.Just16monthsbeforethefire,November190924

Onthe18th,the1800workersoftheclothingtradeunion,includingthewomen'

sclothingworkersofthetrianglecompany,heldone

Nextstrike.Theirstrikedemandsincludenotlockingthedoorintheworkplace.Whatifthestrikewasaunion?

Ifyouwin,theconsequencesofthefirewillbegreatlyalleviated.Unfortunately,thestrikefailedtoberealizedbytheworkers

Owndemand.

Triggeringlarge-scalechangesinAmericanSociety

Aftertheincident,theNewYorkTimesandothernewsmediacarriedoutexhaustivereportsonthefire

Thecauseoftheaccidentisreviewed.Thewholesocietywasdeeplyshockedbytheshockoftheincident

In.

Theweakpositionofworkers,theymayreachthetragicextent,hasneverbeensogoodtopeople

Knowledgecallstheconscienceofsociety.ThefocalpointisthestategovernmentandcivilsocietyinNewYork

Firstofall,wecomeouttosharetheresponsibility.

Americanshavealwaysbelievedthatevenasmallsocialprogressdependsoncommonefforts

Toprotest,notwaitforgovernmenthandouts.Therefore,theAmericancivilsocietyhasalwaysbeendeveloped.Acenturyago,

NewYorkalreadyhasthemechanicalworkersassociation,thewomen'

sclubsUnion,thePublicSecurityCommission,andtheequalvotecoalition,

Architecturalalliance,NewYorkclothingFederation,theAssociationfortheimprovementofthelivingconditionsofthepoorandemployeesoftheNationalFederationofhumanrights

Lietal.

DrAnnaShaw,oftheequalvotecoalition,said:

"

Ilowermyheadandsaytomyself,"

Iamresponsible

The.Yes,everymanandwomaninthiscityisresponsible."

People'

ssenseofguiltandresponsibility

Thesenseofresponsibilityisfinallyimplementedasaconcretestepbystep.Theycalledonthestategovernmenttosetupafirebureau,andalargenumberofthem

Increasefirepreventionandfactoryinspectors.

Priortotheestablishmentofthefireprotectionbureau,25membersofthe"

improvementworkplacesafetycommittee"

wereestablished"

.committee

ThefirstmemberofayearinNewYorktoinspecttheworkofthe1836places,listentothetestimonyof222people.

Somehearingsareheldinfrontofthelegislature.Theyhaveputforwardanumberofnewlegislationandamendments.this

Thecommittee'

sfirst4yeartermisthegoldenageoffactorylegislation"

."

Work

Itwasinthisperiodthatthelawofmotionwasadopted.Thecommitteecloselycoordinateswiththelegislativebody,theformerinvestigationand

Foundtheproblem,thelatterlegislationimprovement.

Theselegislationisquitespecific,forexample,thelegislationstipulatesthateveryfloorofafactorymusthavetwoexits,atleast

Oneisanindoororoutdoorfireescape.Eachfloorareaofmorethan460squaremeters,itmustbere-

Increaseanexit;

and,aslongasthebuildingismorethan30metershigh,itmustbebuiltatleastoneoutdoor

Fireescape.Thefirewallandfirestaircasetothefirewallandotherconstructionnormativelegalprovisions;

limitwork

Thenumberofpeoplepersquaremetreofspace,thelimit,thepossibilityofsafeevacuation,etc..

Alltheunfavourablefactorsofthetrianglefiredisasterhavebecomethebasisoflegislation."

Laborlaw"

stipulatesthatworkers

Afiredrillmustbeconductedevery3monthsasaplace.In1912,thelegislationstipulatedthatitshouldexceed7storeys

Theautomaticfiresprinklersystemmustbeinstalledonthefloorof200staffmembers.Andinanyone,morethantwo

Theautomaticalarmsystemmustbeinstalledatthelevelofmorethan25employees.Inviewofthetrianglecompanyscattered

Thewastecartonsandclothinamessaretheimportantreasonsfortherapidexpansionofthefire,andtherearelegislativeprovisionsfortheworkplace

Thewasteconcentrationmodeprovidesforfirepreventioncodesforwastebins.Inthefire,30ofthedeadwerekilled

Burnedintheopenelevator,NewYorkthenmadelegislationinJuly1911,andlaterallthecitiesinthestate

Theelevatorshaftmustbeclosed.

Thesebuildingsandfirecodesareprobablycommonknowledgetoday,nearly100yearsagoatthebeginningofthiscentury,

Formostpartsoftheworld,newthingsareunheardof.

Afterthecompletionofthelegislation,ifthereisnogovernmentadministrationofthefactory'

sroutineinspectionandenforcementofthelaw,infrontof

Alleffortswillbecasttowaste.TheadministrationinNewYorkhasbeenfeelingweak.So,thelegislature

Ithasfurtheradoptedlegislationtostrengthentheauthorityandcapacityoftheexecutivebranch,forexample,greatlyincreasingtheMinistryoflabour

Thepreparationofsupervisors,thelegislativeprovisionsoftheresponsibilitiesandpowersofvariousdepartments,andsoon.Standingintoday'

sreview,everybody

Itisacknowledgedthatalmostacenturyagothischangehasbeeneffectiveandsuccessful.

Thenewdealbeginsonthisday

146livestragicallydisappeared.Inthefaceofsuchatragedy,asocietyistolearn,never

Prisonisthetouchstoneofwhetherthesocietyishealthyornot.Inthiscase,thepressassumedtheircustody

Thereportcallsforthedutyofsocialconscience,andtradeunionsandcivilsocietyarethebackboneofreform.Statelegislature

Asabranchoflegislation,theyhavesuccessfullyrepresentedtheinterestsofthepeople.Theimplementationoftheseregulations,

Obviously,employers'

productioncostswillbegreatlyincreased.

Theincidentisfarfromsimp