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regulate
body
Ways
characterizing
difference
become
more
accurate
meaningful
over
time,
but
popular
terminology
still
reflects
old
division
into
“warm-blooded”
“cold-blooded”
species;
warm-blooded
included
whereas
all
creatures
were
considered
cold-blooded.
As
species
studied,
became
evident
classification
was
inadequate.
A
fence
lizard
or
desert
iguana—each
cold-blooded----usually
degree
two
below
humans
so
is
not
cold.
Therefore
next
distinction
made
between
maintain
constant
temperature,
called
home0therms,
those
whose
varies
with
environments,
poikilotherms.
But
also
proved
inadequate,
because
among
there
many
vary
temperatures
during
hibernation.
Furthermore,
invertebrates
live
depths
ocean
never
experience
change
chill
deep
water,
constant.
2
Sleep
Sleet
part
person’s
daily
activity
cycle.
There
several
different
stages
sleep,
too
occur
cycles.
If
you
an
average
sleeper,
your
sleep
cycle
as
follows.
When
fist
drift
off
slumber,
eyes
will
roll
about
bit,
drop
slightly,
muscles
relax,
breathing
well
slow
quite
regular.
Your
brain
waves
down
bit
too,
alpha
rhythm
rather
fast
sleep.
For
half
hour
so,
relax
more,
through
stage
2
3
The
lower
slower
be.
Then
40to
69
minutes
after
lose
consciousness
reached
deepest
all.
show
large
known
delta
rhythm.
This
4
You
do
at
fourth
night
long,
instead
80
fall
level
increase
again
slightly.
disappear,
to
be
replaced
by
pattern
waves.
begin
dart
under
closed
eyelids
if
looking
something
occurring
front
you.
period
rapid
eye
movement
lasts
some
8
15
REM
It
period,
soon
again,
slip
gently
back
sleep----only
rise
once
surface
near
later.
3
Bacteria
Bacteria
extremely
small
living
things.
While
we
measure
our
own
sizes
inches
centimeters,
bacterial
size
measured
microns.
One
micron
thousandth
millimeter:
pinhead
millimeter
across.
Rod-shaped
bacteria
usually
four
microns
while
rounded
ones
generally
one
diameter.
Thus
enlarged
bacterium
thousand
times,
would
just
pinhead.
An
adult
human
magnified
same
amount
mile(1.6
kilometer)
tall.
Even
ordinary
microscope,
must
look
closely
see
bacteria.
Using
magnification
100
finds
barely
visible
tiny
rods
dots.
make
out
anything
structure.
special
stains,
attached
them
wavy-looking
“hairs”
flagella.
Others
flagellum.
flagella
rotate,
pushing
water.
Many
lack
move
power,
others
glide
along
surfaces
little-understood
mechanism.
From
point
view,
world
very
place
what
humans.
To
water
thick
molasses
us.
influenced
movements
chemical
molecules
them.
even
no
flagella,
often
bounce
collide
watery
pushed
that.
Molecules
rapidly
tenth
second
new
ones;
without
thus
constantly
exposed
changing
environment.
4
Folk
Cultures
A
folk
culture
isolated,
cohesive,
conservative,
nearly
self-sufficient
group
homogeneous
custom
race
strong
family
clan
structure
highly
developed
rituals.
Order
maintained
sanctions
based
religion
interpersonal.
Relationships
strong.
Tradition
paramount,
comes
infrequently
slowly.
relatively
little
labor
specialized
duties.
Rather,
each
person
expected
perform
great
variety
tasks,
duties
may
sexes.
Most
goods
handmade
subsistence
economy
prevails.
Individualism
weakly
cultures
social
classes.
Unaltered
longer
exist
industrialized
countries
such
United
States
Canada.
Perhaps
nearest
modern
equivalent
Anglo
America
Amish,
German
American
farming
sect
largely
renounces
products
saving
devices
industrial
age.
In
Amish
areas,
horse
drawn
buggies
serve
local
transportation
device
faithful
permitted
automobiles.
Amish’s
central
religious
concept
Demut
“humility”,
clearly
weakness
individualism
class
typical
corresponding
strength
identity.
Rarely
marry
sect.
religion,
Mennonite
faith,
provides
principal
mechanism
maintaining
order.
By
contrast
heterogeneous
individualistic
pronounced
professions.
Secular
institutions
control
police
army
take
order,
money-based
Because
these
contrasts,
“popular”
viewed
“folk”.
replacing
developing
nations.
Folk-made
objects
give
equivalent,
item
quickly
cheaply
produced,
easier
time
use
leads
prestige
owner.
5
Vision
Human
vision
like
primates
evolved
arboreal
environment.
dense
complex
tropical
forest,
important
develop
acute
sense
smell.
course
evolution
members
primate
line
acquired
snout
shrunk
unimpeded
view.
Of
enjoy
color
vision.
red
flag
black
bull.
Horses
monochrome
.light
however
occupies
band
whole
electromagnetic
spectrum.
Ultraviolet
rays
invisible
ants
honeybees
sensitive
Humans
direct
perception
infrared
unlike
rattlesnake
which
receptors
tuned
wavelengths
than
0.7
micron.
eerily
radiation.
darkness
night,
able
easily
strange
shadowless
where
glowed
varying
intensity.
excel
ways.
They
fact
remarkably
discerning
gradation.
sensitivity
normal
rarely
surpassed
sophisticated
technical
devices.
6
source
Energy
summary
physical
nature
life
begin,
on
Earth,
Sun;
fact,
Sun’s
center.
here
found
energy
Sun
pours
space
light
heat.
librated
center
billions
upon
nuclei
hydrogen
atoms
fuse
together
form
helium,
doing
release
stored
atoms.
output
heat
requires
600
million
tons
converted
helium
every
second.
thousands
millions
year.
The
nuclear
released
high-energy
gamma
radiation,
radiation
radio
waves,
shorter
wavelength.
absorbed
inside
reemitted
slightly
wavelengths.
its
turn
reemitted.
filters
layers
th