ACCA考试《F3财务会计》辅导资料14Word下载.docx
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Capitalexpenditure:
-Expenditureontheacquisitionofnon-currentassetsrequiredforuseinthebusiness,notforresale.
-ExpenditureonexistingNCAaimedatincreasingtheirearningcapacity.
-Long-terminnature:
thebusinessintendstoreceivethebenefitsoftheexpenditureoveralongperiodoftime.
Revenueexpenditure:
-Expenditureoncurrentassets
-Expenditurerelatingtorunningthebusiness(suchasadministrationcosts.)
-ExpenditureonmaintainingtheearningcapacityofNCAe.g.repairsandrenewals.
●Non-currentregisters
ArecordoftheNCAheldbyabusiness.Theseformpartoftheinternalcontrolsystemofanorganization.
Detailsheldmayinclude:
-Cost
-Dateofpurchase
-Descriptionofasset
-Serial/referencenumber
-Locationofasset
-Depreciationmethod
-Expectedusefullife
-Netbookvalue
●Acquisitionofanon-currentasset
Initialcost:
-ThecostofaNCAisanyamountincurredtoacquiretheassetandbringitinto
workingcondition.
-Allnon-currentassetsmustinitiallyrecognizedatcost.
Cost=purchaseprice
-Tradediscount
-Rebates
+Directcost(Deliverycost,Legal)
Deliverycostisthecostthatbringingitintoworkingconditionfor
Itsintendeduse
Initialcostsexcludes:
admincosts
Generaloverheads
Abnormalcosts
Anycostsincurredafterassetisreadyforuse
e.g.Excludes:
revenueexpendituresuchas
●Repairs
●Renewals
●Repainting
Subsequentexpenditure:
Canonlyberecordedaspartofthecost(orcapitalized),ifitenhancesthebenefitsoftheasset,i.e.increasestherevenuescapableofbeinggeneratedbytheasset.
Thecorrectentrytorecordthedoubleentryis:
Dr.Non-currentasset
Cr.Cash/Bank/Payables
Aseparatecostaccountshouldbekeptforeachcategoryofnon-currentasset,e.g.motorcars,fixtureandfittings
Example:
BilboBagginsstartedabusinessprovidinglimousinetaxiserviceson1January20x5.Intheyearto31Decemberheincurredthefollowingcosts:
$
Officepremises 250,000
Legalfeesassociatedwithpurchaseofoffice 10,000
Costofmaterialsandlabourtopaintofficein 300
Bilbo’sfavouritecolour,purple
MercedezEseriesestatecars 116,000
Numberplatesforcars 210
Deliverychargeforcars 180
Roadlicencefeeforcars 480
Drivers’wagesforfirstyearofoperation 60,000
BlanktaxireceiptsprintedwithBilbo 450
Baggin’sbusinessnameandnumber
Whatamountsshouldbecapitalizedas“Landandbuildings”and“Motorvehicles”?
Landand Motor
Buildings Vehicles
$ $
A. 260,000 116,390
B. 250,000 116,870
C. 250,300 116,390
D. 260,300 116,870
Solution:
ThecorrectanswerisA
Landandbuildings
Officepremises 250,000
Legalfees 10,000
260,000
●Thecostofthepurplepaintdoesnotformpartofthecostoftheofficeandsoshouldnotbecapitalized.Insteaditshouldbetakentotheincomestatementasarevenueexpense.
Motorvehicles
3MercedesEseries 116,000
Numberplates 210
Deliverycharges 180
116,390
-Thenumberplatesareone-offchargeswhichformpartofthepurchasepriceofanycar.
-Theroadlicencefee,drivers’wagesandreceiptsareongoingexpenses,incurredeveryyear.Theycannotbecapitalized,butshouldbetakentotheincomestatementasexpenses.
9.2Accountingtreatmentofdepreciation:
-amechanismtoreflectthecostofusinganon-currentasset
(i)Depreciationischargedasanexpenseintheprofitandlossaccount
(ii)Thecorrespondingcreditisaccumulatedintheprovisionfordepreciationaccountinthebalancesheettooffsetagainsttheoriginalcostofthefixedassets.
●Methodofdepreciation:
Straight-linemethod
Thedepreciableamountisspreadevenlyacrosstheusefullifeofthefixedasset,resultinginsameamountofdepreciationchargedeveryyear.
Depreciationcharge=Costofassetminusresidualvalue
Expectedusefullifeoftheasset
Residualvalue:
theestimateddisposalvalueoftheassetattheendofitsusefullife.
Anon-currentassetcosting$60,000hasanestimatedlifeoffiveyearsandaresiduallifeof$7,000.Theannualdepreciationchargeusingthestraightlinemethodwouldbecalculatedasfollows:
$(60,000–7,000)=$10,600perannum
5years
Thenetbookvalueofthefixedassetswouldreduceeachyearasfollows:
After1year after2years after3years after4years after5years
$ $ $ $ $
Cost 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000
Accumulated 10,600 21,200 31,800 42,400 53,000
Depreciation
Netbookvalue49,400 38,800 28,200 17,600 7,000(estimatedresidualvalue)
Reducingbalancemethod
Afixeddepreciationrate(percentage)isappliedtothefixedasset’snetbookvalue(costlessaccumulateddepreciation)everyyear.Sincenetbookvaluediminishesyearly,thedepreciationchargefallseveryyear.
Depreciationcharge=X%xnetbookvalue
Netbookvalue=Costofanasset–accumulateddepreciation
Assetbought/soldintheperiod:
-fullyear’sdepreciationintheyearofacquisitionandnoneintheyearofdisposal
-monthlyorprorata,basedontheexactnumberofmonthsthattheassetshasbeenowned.
Exercise1:
Hopkinswhomakesupaccountsto31December,buysacaron1January20x1for$5,000.Thedepreciationpolicyis20%pa(每年),usingthereducingbalancemethod.Whatisthedepreciationchargeforeachofthefirstfiveyears?
Year 20%on Depreciation Accumulated Netbook
netbookvalue charge Dep. value
20x1 20%of$5,000 $1,000 $1,000 $4,000
20x2 20%of$4,000 800 1,800 3,200
20x3 20%of$3,200 640 2,440 2,560
20x4 20%of$2,560 512 2,952 2,048
20x5 20%of$2,048 410 3,362 1,638
20x6 20%of$1,638 328 3,690 1,310
Exercise2:
ThefollowinginformationrelatestoB&
S,acarrepairbusiness:
Machine1 Machine2
Cost $12,000 $8,000
Purchasedate 1August20x5 1October20x6
Depreciation 20%straightline 10%reducingbalance
Method pro-rata pro-rata
Whatisthedepreciationchargeforyearsended31December20x5and31December20x6?
20x5 20x6
$ $
A. 2,400 2,600
B. 1,000 2,600
C. 2,400 3,200
D. 1,000 3,200
-formachine1:
20x5:
20%x12,000x5/12=1,000
20x6:
20%x12,000=2,400
-formachine2:
10%x8,000x3/12=200
Totaldepreciation:
20x5:
1,000
2,400+200=2,600
Answer:
B
●Accountingfordepreciation:
-whichevermethodisusedtocalculatedepreciation,theaccountingremainsthesame:
Journalentryis:
Dr.Depreciation
Cr.AccumulatedDepreciation(provisionfordepreciation)
Accumulateddepreciationaccountiscumulative,i.e.reflectsalldepreciationstodate.
Cost X
AccumulativeDepreciation(X)
NBV X
●Consistencyandsubjectivitywhenaccountingfordepreciation:
-Thefollowingareallbasedonestimatesmadebythemanagementofabusiness:
Depreciationmethod
Residualvalue
Usefullife
-Differentestimateswouldresultinvaryinglevelsofdepreciation,and
consequently,profits.
-Itcanbearguedthatthesesubjectiveareascouldthereforeresultinmanipulationoftheaccountsbymanagement.
-Inordertoreducethescopeforsuchmanipulationandincreaseconsistencyoftreatment,IAS16Property,PlantandEquipmentrequiresthefollowing:
depreciationmethodshouldbereviewedateachyearendandchangedifthemethodusednolongerreflectsthepatternoftheuseoftheasset.
residualvalueandusefullifeshouldbereviewedateachyearendandchangedifexpectationsdifferfrompreviousestimates.
Ex3.Apurchasedanon-currentassetfor$100,000on1January20x2andstarteddepreciatingitover5years.Residualvaluewastakenas$10,000.
At1January20x3,areviewofassetliveswasundertakenandtheremainingusefullifewasestimatedat8years.Residualvaluewasestimatednil.
Calculatethedepreciationchargefortheyearended31December20x3andsubsequentyears.