ACCA考试《F3财务会计》辅导资料14Word下载.docx

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ACCA考试《F3财务会计》辅导资料14Word下载.docx

  Capitalexpenditure:

  -Expenditureontheacquisitionofnon-currentassetsrequiredforuseinthebusiness,notforresale.

  -ExpenditureonexistingNCAaimedatincreasingtheirearningcapacity.

  -Long-terminnature:

thebusinessintendstoreceivethebenefitsoftheexpenditureoveralongperiodoftime.

  Revenueexpenditure:

  -Expenditureoncurrentassets

  -Expenditurerelatingtorunningthebusiness(suchasadministrationcosts.)

  -ExpenditureonmaintainingtheearningcapacityofNCAe.g.repairsandrenewals.

  ●Non-currentregisters

  ArecordoftheNCAheldbyabusiness.Theseformpartoftheinternalcontrolsystemofanorganization.

  Detailsheldmayinclude:

  -Cost

  -Dateofpurchase

  -Descriptionofasset

  -Serial/referencenumber

  -Locationofasset

  -Depreciationmethod

  -Expectedusefullife

  -Netbookvalue

  ●Acquisitionofanon-currentasset

  Initialcost:

  -ThecostofaNCAisanyamountincurredtoacquiretheassetandbringitinto

  workingcondition.

  -Allnon-currentassetsmustinitiallyrecognizedatcost.

  Cost=purchaseprice

  -Tradediscount

  -Rebates

  +Directcost(Deliverycost,Legal)

  Deliverycostisthecostthatbringingitintoworkingconditionfor

  Itsintendeduse

  Initialcostsexcludes:

admincosts

  Generaloverheads

  Abnormalcosts

  Anycostsincurredafterassetisreadyforuse

  e.g.Excludes:

revenueexpendituresuchas

  ●Repairs

  ●Renewals

  ●Repainting

  Subsequentexpenditure:

  Canonlyberecordedaspartofthecost(orcapitalized),ifitenhancesthebenefitsoftheasset,i.e.increasestherevenuescapableofbeinggeneratedbytheasset.

  Thecorrectentrytorecordthedoubleentryis:

  Dr.Non-currentasset

  Cr.Cash/Bank/Payables

  Aseparatecostaccountshouldbekeptforeachcategoryofnon-currentasset,e.g.motorcars,fixtureandfittings

  Example:

  BilboBagginsstartedabusinessprovidinglimousinetaxiserviceson1January20x5.Intheyearto31Decemberheincurredthefollowingcosts:

  $

  Officepremises                  250,000

  Legalfeesassociatedwithpurchaseofoffice    10,000

  Costofmaterialsandlabourtopaintofficein    300

  Bilbo’sfavouritecolour,purple

  MercedezEseriesestatecars           116,000

  Numberplatesforcars                 210

  Deliverychargeforcars                180

  Roadlicencefeeforcars               480

  Drivers’wagesforfirstyearofoperation     60,000

  BlanktaxireceiptsprintedwithBilbo         450

  Baggin’sbusinessnameandnumber

  Whatamountsshouldbecapitalizedas“Landandbuildings”and“Motorvehicles”?

  Landand     Motor

  Buildings    Vehicles

  $        $

  A.            260,000     116,390

  B.            250,000     116,870

  C.            250,300     116,390

  D.            260,300     116,870

  Solution:

  ThecorrectanswerisA

  Landandbuildings

  Officepremises    250,000

  Legalfees       10,000

  260,000

  ●Thecostofthepurplepaintdoesnotformpartofthecostoftheofficeandsoshouldnotbecapitalized.Insteaditshouldbetakentotheincomestatementasarevenueexpense.

  Motorvehicles

  3MercedesEseries   116,000

  Numberplates        210

  Deliverycharges      180

  116,390

  -Thenumberplatesareone-offchargeswhichformpartofthepurchasepriceofanycar.

  -Theroadlicencefee,drivers’wagesandreceiptsareongoingexpenses,incurredeveryyear.Theycannotbecapitalized,butshouldbetakentotheincomestatementasexpenses.

  9.2Accountingtreatmentofdepreciation:

-amechanismtoreflectthecostofusinganon-currentasset

  (i)Depreciationischargedasanexpenseintheprofitandlossaccount

  (ii)Thecorrespondingcreditisaccumulatedintheprovisionfordepreciationaccountinthebalancesheettooffsetagainsttheoriginalcostofthefixedassets.

  ●Methodofdepreciation:

  Straight-linemethod

  Thedepreciableamountisspreadevenlyacrosstheusefullifeofthefixedasset,resultinginsameamountofdepreciationchargedeveryyear.

  Depreciationcharge=Costofassetminusresidualvalue

  Expectedusefullifeoftheasset

  Residualvalue:

theestimateddisposalvalueoftheassetattheendofitsusefullife.

  Anon-currentassetcosting$60,000hasanestimatedlifeoffiveyearsandaresiduallifeof$7,000.Theannualdepreciationchargeusingthestraightlinemethodwouldbecalculatedasfollows:

  $(60,000–7,000)=$10,600perannum

  5years

  Thenetbookvalueofthefixedassetswouldreduceeachyearasfollows:

  After1year after2years after3years after4years after5years

  $      $      $       $      $

  Cost    60,000   60,000    60,000    60,000    60,000

  Accumulated 10,600   21,200    31,800    42,400    53,000

  Depreciation

  Netbookvalue49,400 38,800    28,200    17,600   7,000(estimatedresidualvalue)

  Reducingbalancemethod

  Afixeddepreciationrate(percentage)isappliedtothefixedasset’snetbookvalue(costlessaccumulateddepreciation)everyyear.Sincenetbookvaluediminishesyearly,thedepreciationchargefallseveryyear.

  Depreciationcharge=X%xnetbookvalue

  Netbookvalue=Costofanasset–accumulateddepreciation

  Assetbought/soldintheperiod:

  -fullyear’sdepreciationintheyearofacquisitionandnoneintheyearofdisposal

  -monthlyorprorata,basedontheexactnumberofmonthsthattheassetshasbeenowned.

  Exercise1:

  Hopkinswhomakesupaccountsto31December,buysacaron1January20x1for$5,000.Thedepreciationpolicyis20%pa(每年),usingthereducingbalancemethod.Whatisthedepreciationchargeforeachofthefirstfiveyears?

  Year 20%on     Depreciation Accumulated  Netbook

  netbookvalue  charge    Dep.     value

  20x1  20%of$5,000  $1,000   $1,000    $4,000

  20x2  20%of$4,000   800    1,800    3,200

  20x3  20%of$3,200   640    2,440    2,560

  20x4  20%of$2,560   512    2,952    2,048

  20x5  20%of$2,048   410    3,362    1,638

  20x6  20%of$1,638   328    3,690    1,310

  Exercise2:

  ThefollowinginformationrelatestoB&

S,acarrepairbusiness:

  Machine1      Machine2

  Cost     $12,000       $8,000

  Purchasedate 1August20x5    1October20x6

  Depreciation 20%straightline 10%reducingbalance

  Method    pro-rata      pro-rata

  Whatisthedepreciationchargeforyearsended31December20x5and31December20x6?

  20x5      20x6

  $       $

  A.  2,400     2,600

  B.  1,000     2,600

  C.  2,400     3,200

  D.  1,000     3,200

  -formachine1:

  20x5:

20%x12,000x5/12=1,000

  20x6:

20%x12,000=2,400

  -formachine2:

10%x8,000x3/12=200

  Totaldepreciation:

20x5:

1,000

2,400+200=2,600

  Answer:

B

  ●Accountingfordepreciation:

-whichevermethodisusedtocalculatedepreciation,theaccountingremainsthesame:

  Journalentryis:

  Dr.Depreciation

  Cr.AccumulatedDepreciation(provisionfordepreciation)

  Accumulateddepreciationaccountiscumulative,i.e.reflectsalldepreciationstodate.

  Cost            X

  AccumulativeDepreciation(X)

  NBV            X

  ●Consistencyandsubjectivitywhenaccountingfordepreciation:

  -Thefollowingareallbasedonestimatesmadebythemanagementofabusiness:

  Depreciationmethod

  Residualvalue

  Usefullife

  -Differentestimateswouldresultinvaryinglevelsofdepreciation,and

  consequently,profits.

  -Itcanbearguedthatthesesubjectiveareascouldthereforeresultinmanipulationoftheaccountsbymanagement.

  -Inordertoreducethescopeforsuchmanipulationandincreaseconsistencyoftreatment,IAS16Property,PlantandEquipmentrequiresthefollowing:

  depreciationmethodshouldbereviewedateachyearendandchangedifthemethodusednolongerreflectsthepatternoftheuseoftheasset.

  residualvalueandusefullifeshouldbereviewedateachyearendandchangedifexpectationsdifferfrompreviousestimates.

  Ex3.Apurchasedanon-currentassetfor$100,000on1January20x2andstarteddepreciatingitover5years.Residualvaluewastakenas$10,000.

  At1January20x3,areviewofassetliveswasundertakenandtheremainingusefullifewasestimatedat8years.Residualvaluewasestimatednil.

  Calculatethedepreciationchargefortheyearended31December20x3andsubsequentyears.

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