05 于老师 非谓语动词专题Word文件下载.docx
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考点1不定式的一般式、进行式和完成式
1.不定式的一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生。
Sheappearstobesatisfied.OurheadmasterisgoingtoShanghaitoattendameeting.
2.不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行
Theyseemtobegettingalongquitewell.
3.不定式的完成式表示过去已完成的动作,还可表示过去没有实现的愿望。
Youappeartohaveknownaboutit.Imeanttohavetelephoned,butIforgot.(=Ihadmeanttotelephone…)
4.不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前就已经发生,并一直延续着。
Theboywashappytohavebeenstayingwithhisuncle.
考点2不定式的被动形式
不定式有两种形式的被动式:
tobedone和tohavebeendone。
当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式一般用被动形式。
如果不定式的逻辑主语是动作的执行者,不定式用主动式。
Iwishtobelovedandrespectedbyall.ThisnovelissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish.
考点3不定式的否定式
动词不定式的否定式是在动词不定式前加not或never构成的。
Soastodosth和inordertodosth的否定式是将否定词置于不定式符号to之前。
HepretendednottohaveseenmewhenIpassedby.Mr.Smithwarnedhisdaughternevertodriveafterdrinking.
Hestudieshardinordernottofallbehindtheotherclassmates.
达标训练
一、单项选择
1.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank_________presentsformydad.
AbuyBtobuyCbuyingDtohavebought
2._____asanOlympicevent,asportmustbeplayedinatleast75countriesonatleast4continents.
AToacceptBHavingacceptedCTobeacceptedDAccepting
3.Duetotheheavyrainandflooding,tenmillionpeoplehavebeenforced__________theirhomes.
AleavingBtoleaveCtobeleftDbeingleft
4.Ifeelgreatlyhonored___________intotheirsociety.
AtowelcomeBwelcomingCtobewelcomedDwelcomed
5.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains__________whethertheywillenjoyit.
AtoseeBtobeseenCseeingDseen
6.Robertissaid___________abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.
AtohavestudiedBtostudyCtobestudyingDtohavebeenstudying
7.Whenmothercamein,LittleTompretended_____inhisstudy.
AtoreadBtohavereadCtobereadingDtoberead
8.Idon’tnowwhetheryouhappen_______,butI’mgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.
AtobeheardBtobehearingCtohearDtohaveheard
9.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears__________everything.
AtotellBtobetoldCtobetellingDtohavebeentold
10.Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedtomearule___________.
AtoneverbreakBnevertobebrokenCnevertohavebrokenDnevertobebreaking
二、词语填空:
用动词的适当形式填空
1.Youweresillynot________________(lock)yourcar.
2.Welookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhere________________(find)
3.Hisfirstbook_________________(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.
4.______________(complete)theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.
5.----IsBobstillperforming?
----I’mafraidnot.Heissaid_________________(leave)thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.
6.Thefluisbelieved____________________(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.
三、完成句子:
用不定式的适当形式完成下列句子
1.我们的校长要去上海参加一个会议。
OurheadmasterisgoingtoShanghai_____________________________________________
2.我希望受到大家的爱戴和尊敬
Iwish___________________________________________andrespectedbyall.
3.怀特先生警告他的女儿放学后绝不要在学校逗留。
Mr.Whitetoldhisdaughter____________________________________afterschool
4.据说这个城市发展成了一个现代艺术中心。
Thecityissaid____________________________intoamodernartscenter.
5.据说这部小说已经译成了英语。
Thisnovelissaid___________________________intoEnglish.
2.动词不定式的句法功能
不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的功能,在句中可用作除谓语以外的所有句子成分,包括主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语,有时还可用作插入语,但不能用作谓语。
考点1不定式做主语:
不定式可以直接做主语。
为了避免头重脚轻,通常将作主语的不定式置于句子后部,而在句首的主语位置使用形式主语it.
Totraveltothemoonbyspaceshipismydream.Itismygreathonortobeinvitedtoyourbirthdayparty.
考点2不定式作表语:
不定式作表语常用来说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。
有三种情况:
1)用seem,appear,prove,turnout等系动词之后的不定式Sheseemstobeveryhappythesedays.
2)主语与表语“等价”的情形:
Myjobistosweepthefloor.
3)情态将来“应该,必须”表示义务、命令、想法、约定、可能性等。
Youarenottosmokeinthisroom.
考点3不定式作宾语:
不定式可以充当及物动词的宾语。
也可做个别介词(but,except)的宾语。
Heagreedtogotherewithmeafterschool.Hehasnothingtodobut/exceptwatchTV.
IfindtdifficulttolearnJapanesewell.
考点4不定式作宾补:
动词不定式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”句型中充当宾语补足语。
Whatcausedhimtochangehismind?
Wearewaitingforthedoctortoarrive.
Thedoctorsmadehimgiveupsmoking.
考点5不定式作定语:
不定式作定语时,须放在其修饰的名词或代词之后,与其所修饰的名词或代词之间存在着一定得逻辑关系(主谓关系、动宾关系、修饰关系)
He’salwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelasttoleave.Hesapleasantfellowtoworkwith.
Ihaveastrongwishtogotocollege.
考点6不定式作状语:
不定式作状语可以表示多种关系(如:
目的、结果、原因、条件)。
动词不定式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
IwenttoFrancetolearnFrench.(表目的,不能有逗号)Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeel.(出人意料)
Iamveryhappytohavepassedtheexamination.(在情绪形容词后,作原因状语)
考点7不定式作插入语:
用作独立成分,表明说话人的态度。
1.totellthetruthtobehonesttobeginwithtobeexacttobefrankwithyou
1.Wewereastonished_____________thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.
AfindingBtofindCfindDtobefound
2.Thedoctorthought_____________wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.
AthisBthatConedit
3._____________,thepayisn’tattractiveenough,thoughthejobitselfisquiteinteresting.
AGenerallyspeakingBOnthecontraryCInparticularDTobehonest
4.Thepurposeoftheexchangeprogramis______________theunderstandingbetweenthetwocountries.
AtopromoteBtohavepromotedCtopromotingDpromoted
5.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposed_________assoonaspossible.
AtobesentBtosendCbeingsentDsending
6.I’mgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything______________?
AtobebuyingBtobuyCforbuyingDbought
7.----Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?
----Yes.But___________it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.
AtofindBfindCtofindingDfinding
8.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif_____________whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.
AseeingBhavingseenCtohaveseenDtosee
9.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains______________whethertheywillenjoyit.
10.Is__________-necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?
AthisBthatCitDhe
11.Thechairmanthought________necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.
AthatBitCthisDhim
12.Therearefivepairs______________,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.
AtobechosenBtochoosefromCtochooseDforchoosing
13.Thefactthatshewasforeignmade___________difficultforhertogetajobinthatcountry.
AsoBmuchCthatDit
用动词的适当形式填空。
1.Ihavealotofreadings______________(complete)beforetheendofthisterm.
2.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_______(tell)thefilmstarshadleft.
3.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoasto__________(receive)intimeforChristmas.
4.________(tell)youthetruth,Helenwasnotthelast_____________(leave)theoffice.
5.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_____________(play)inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.
1.Thereisnothing________________________________.(没有什么可担心的)
2.Isawhim_____________________________________(把你的字典拿走了)
3.Youshouldnotmissanychance__________________________________(你不应该错过任何练习英语的机会)
4.Weagreed__________________________butsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.(我们同意在此见面的,但到现在她都没露面。
)
5.___________________________,peoplemighttakeyouforanAmerican.(要是听到你说英语的话,人们还会误以为你是美国人呢。
3.“疑问词+不定式”和不定式的复合结构
考点1“疑问词+不定式”结构
不定式可以和疑问代词who,whom,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how以及连词whether等连用,在句中一起作主语、表语、宾语和同位语,可扩展为相应的名词性从句。
Whenandwheretobuildthehousehasn’tbeendecidedyet?
Marxgaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnaforeignlanguage.
Thequestioniswhichwaytotake.
考点2动词不定式的复合结构
动词不定式的逻辑主语有时需要明确表示,这时可用介词for或of引出逻辑主语,构成forsbtodosth./forsthtobedone和ofsbtodosth结构。
这就是不定式的复合结构。
这种结构在句中作主语、表语、定语或状语等
Itiseasyforagirlnottorememberwhatshedoesn’twanttoremember.
IsenthimsomepicturesforhimtoseewhatParisislike.
It’sveryniceofyoutomakeusfeelathomesoonafterwemovedhere.
Itistypicalofhimtotakehardjobs.
考点3多变的不定式符号“to”
1)不定式符号“to”的单独使用:
为了避免重复,可以用不定式符号“to”来代替不定式结构,省去不定式中和句子前后重复的部分。
注意:
不定式的完成式一般保留“tohave”;
tobe结构中的be不能省略。
----Willyoujoinusinatalk?
----Yes,I’llbegladto.IsawhimridinghisbicycleintheparkandItoldhimnotto.
Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.
2)不定式符号“to”的省略:
make/have/letsbdo;
see/hear/watch/notice/observesbdo;
hadbetter/wouldrather/whynotdo;
cannothelpbut/otherthando
3)并列不定式省略“to”的情况:
当前后两个不定式有对比或对照关系时,不可省略to
Itiseasiertopersuadepeoplethantoforcethem.Theycamenottosaveus,buttoconquerus.
1.----It’snousehavingideasonly.----Don’tworry.Petercanshowyou__________toturnanideaintoanact.
AhowBwhoCwhatDwhere
2.Hetolduswhether_______apicturewasstillunderdiscussion.
AtohaveBhavingChaveDhad
3.LastsummerItookacourseon________________.
AhowtomakedressesBhowdresseshemakeChowtobemadedressesDhowdressestobemade
4.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_____________.
AitwhattodowithBwhattodoitwithCwhattodowithitDtodowhatwithit
5.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.
AexpectedBtoexpectCt