英语科技文章写作中的常见问题Word文档格式.docx
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②Ihave,asyourequestedinyourletterof...，investigatedthepossibilitiesofenlargingourlaboratories.
7.1.4复合句前后不一致
（1）主语不一致
Theregulationsrequireeachmantowearauniform,hemustalsocoverhismouthandnosewithamaskbeforeenteringthelaboratory.
（2）人称不一致
Iftheworkerswantamanufacturingplant,letthempetitionforit.
（3）时态不一致
Ipushedtheswitchandthenchecktheammeter.
（4）语气不一致
Theywouldsavealmost$500iftheycanre-usethecontainers.
（5）语态不一致
Helistshisobjectionstotheplan,butitsgoodpointsarenotmentioned.
7.1.5不连接的修饰语
修饰词和修饰对象应靠近。
（1）副词
Weonlyplantoworkoneshiftnextweek.
（2）前置词短语
Withoutextrahelpthejobwillrequiretwomonths.
（3）动词不定式短语
Torefillthegreasecups,thecylinderheadhastoberemoved.
（4）分词短语
Havingadjustedthecarburetor,themotorwasstarted.
（5）动名词短语
Theenginedevelopedmuchmorepowerafteradjustingthevalves.
（6）从句
Thegageontheoutsideoftheboiler,whichwasrepairedlastweek,isworkingsatisfactorily.
（7）省略从句
Althoughtestedthedaybefore,hecouldnotstarttheauxiliaryenginewhenthemainpowersupplyfailed.
7.1.6代词和先行词相互一致
（1）先行词
Thegagewasattachedtothebank,butitwasfoundtobedefective.
（2）泛指代词
Ifthetankispatched,itwillreducethelosses.
（3）暗含的先行词
Asolutiontotheproblemwasfoundonlyafewyearsago.Thiswasmentionedinmyearlierreport.
（4）不定的先行词
①Delayedignitionoccurswhenyouhaveashortcircuitinyourtransformer.
②Anewerabeganwhentheyfinallysplittheatom.
（5）先行词遥远
“Distillation”isoneofthechiefsectionsin“Chem.Enger’sHdbk”,whichisPerry’sbest-knownwork.Hegavetheprofessionsavaluablebook.
7.2问题的讨论
7.2.1结构混杂
科技英语中表达一种思想时最好用一种结构。
不要将两种结构混在一起。
1Wearerecommendingwhatprocedurethatyoushouldfollow.
这里用了what就不能再用that，应改为：
Wearerecommendingtheprocedurethatyoushouldfollow.
Wearerecommendingwhatprocedureyoushouldfollow.
②Thenewfanwillbeinstalledinsuchaplacesothatthewholeareawillbecooled.
Such后应跟as或that,而不应再用sothat,也即such和sothat重叠。
应改为：
Thenewfanwillbeinstalledinsuchaplaceastocoolthewholearea.或者：
Thenewfanwillbeinstalledinsuchaplacethatthewholeareawillbecooled.
Is后要求跟表语，但when后引出状语从句。
“Overlappedvalves”iswhentheexhaustandtheintakevalvesareopensimultaneouslyforaninstant.或者：
4“Overlappedvalves”isbriefsimultaneouslyopeningoftheexhaustandtheintakevalves.
7.2.2结构不全
并列句are前省略了主语we，但are离you比离we近，易误解为youarereadyto。
所以此处we不能省，应改为：
Weshallappreciateanysuggestionsthatyoumakeandwearereadytoanswerfurtherquestionsifyouhavethem.
②Theboilingpointofthesolutionishigherthanthatofanyofitsseparatecomponent.
不同事物不能相比，应改为：
Theboilingpointofthesolutionishigherthananyofitsseparatecomponent.
4Cokehasprovedtobemoreefficientthananyfuelwehavetried.
这里coke好像不是fuel，必须加入other或else，应改为：
Cokehasprovedtobemoreefficientthananyotherfuelwehavetried.或者：
Cokehasprovedtobemoreefficientthananyfuelelsewehavetried.
7.2.3结构中断
1Thehopper,unlessitisscrapedfrequently,becomescakedwithslag.
Unlessthehopperisscrapedfrequently,itbecomescakedwithslag.或者：
Thehopperbecomescakedwithslag,unlessitisscrapedfrequently.
2Ihave,asyourequestedinyourletterof...，investigatedthepossibilitiesofenlargingourlaboratories.
Asyourequestedinyourletterof...,Ihaveinvestigatedthepossibilitiesofenlargingourlaboratories.或者：
Ihaveinvestigatedthepossibilitiesofenlargingourlaboratories,asyourequestedinyourletterof...
Theregulationsrequireeachmantowearauniform,theyalsorequirehimtocoverhismouthandnosewithamaskbeforeenteringthelaboratory.或者：
Eachmanmustwearauniform,hemustalsocoverhismouthandnosewithamaskbeforeenteringthelaboratory.
Let句里实际主语是you，而从句主语是workers。
Iftheworkerswantamanufacturingplant,theyshouldpetitionforit.
Ipushedtheswitchandthencheckedtheammeter.
应该为虚拟句：
Theywouldsavealmost$500iftheycouldre-usethecontainers.
或者真实条件句：
Theywillsavealmost$500iftheycanre-usethecontainers.
Helistshisobjectionstotheplan,butitsgoodpointsarenotmentioned.
后一句不要用被动态，应改成主动语态，前后一致:
Helistshisobjectionstotheplan,butdoesnotmentioneditsgoodpoints.
（1）副词
only放在前面是修饰plan，实际要修饰one,应改为：
Weplantoworkonlyoneshiftnextweek.
（2）前置词短语
withoutextrahelp与job无关，而与we（未出现）有关，应改为：
Withoutextrahelpweshallneedtwomonthsforthejob.
（3）动词不定式短语
Torefillthegreasecups,thecylinderheadhastoberemoved.
动词不定式的逻辑主语应与句子中的主语一致，应改为：
Torefillthegreasecups,theoperatorhastoremovedthecylinderhead.或者：
Beforethegreasecupscanberefilled,thecylinderheadhastoberemoved.
（4）分词短语
分词短语中的逻辑主语与句子中的主语不一致，应改为：
Havingadjustedthecarburetor,thedriverstartedthemotor.
（5）动名词短语
动名词短语的逻辑主语与句子中的主语不一致，应改为：
Theenginedevelopedmuchmorepowerafterthevalveshadbeenadjusted.或者：
Afteradjustingthevalves，themechanicfoundtheenginedevelopedmuchmorepower。
（6）从句
Which到底是修饰gage,boiler，还是outsideoftheboiler？
三者都有可能，所以，从句不能与被修饰的词距离太远。
若“仪表上用修复”，应改为：
Thegage，whichisontheoutsideoftheboiler,andwhichwasrepairedlastweek,isworkingsatisfactorily.
或者：
Theboiler,whichwasrepairedlastweek,andthegageonitisworkingsatisfactorily.
又或者：
Theoutsideoftheboilerwasrepairedlastweek,andthegageonitisworkingsatisfactorily.
（7）省略从句
由于从句中省略了“theauxiliaryenginewas”，所以应改为：
Althoughtestedthedaybefore,theauxiliaryenginewouldnotstartwhenthemainpowersupplyfailed.
（1）双先行词
有毛病的是gage还是bank？
Thegagewhichwasfoundtobedefective,wasattachedtothebank.
It可以代表一句从句，也可以代表tank。
Ifthetankispatched,thelosseswillbereduced.
This是暗含的，可以指solution或afewyearsago（近期性），也可以指整个一句句子，所以要点明。
Asolutiontotheproblemwasfoundonlyafewyearsago.Thesolutionwasmentionedinmyearlierreport.或者：
Asolutiontotheproblemwasfoundonlyafewyearsago.Therecencyofthesolutionwasmentionedinmyearlierreport.又或者：
Asolutiontotheproblemwasfoundonlyafewyearsago.Thesolutionanditsrecentdiscoverywerementionedinmyearlierreport.
You指谁？
先行词不明。
Delayedignitionoccurswhenthereisashortcircuitinyourtransformer.
同样理由，应改为：
Anewerabeganwhenthescientistsfinallysplittheatom.
Perry出现在从句中，而不在主句中，重要性不够，所以He应改为Perry：
“Distillation”isoneofthechiefsectionsin“Chem.Enger’sHdbk”,whichisPerry’sbest-knownwork.Perrygavetheprofessionsavaluablebook.
7.2.7在定语从句中which和that的区别
（1）that用作介词的宾语时，不能直接放在介词的后面，应将介词后置并省去that或改用关系代词。
误：
Thisisthefactoryinthatwework.
正：
Thisisthefactory（that）weworkin.或：
Thisisthefactoryinwhichwework.
（2）先行词如果是anything，everything，nothing，all，little等词时，特别是先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，常用that引出从句，因为that的限定意味较强，例如：
Itwasthefinestindustrialexhibitionthatweeversaw.
（3）不用that引导非限定性定语从句：
YesterdayIvisitedaflowershow,which（不用that）madealastingimpressiononme.
昨天我参观了一个花展，它给我留下了不可磨灭的印象。
7.3同位语
同位语是一种特殊的修饰语，它表示一件事物的另一种讲法，或是举出其具体内容，或是列举其中的一部分。
（1）名词作名词的同位语
1大多数同位语用逗号、破折号或冒号分开。
Thehydrogenatomismadeupoftwoelectricparticles,aprotonandanelectron.
Transformersubstationsreducethevoltageto220volts,asafevoltageforuseinthehome.
2名词的同位语前后有时有一些词或词组，用来说明与前面名词
升级会员 