目的论与公共标志的翻译英文Word格式文档下载.docx

目的论与公共标志的翻译英文Word格式文档下载.docx

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Publicsigns,shortandbrief,servesometimesasaguideandprovideagreathelpinpeople’sdailylife—eating,boarding,shoppingandtraveling.Therefore,publicsignstranslationaimsatprovidingthesameconvenienceforforeigners,becausemostforeignersarenotquitefamiliarwithChinese.Ontheotherhand,thebilingualpublicsignsmakethecitiesinChinamoreinternationalizedandhelptobuildupChina’sinternationalimage.Recently,moreandmoreexpertsdoresearchonChinese-English（C-E）publicsignstranslationwithwritingpapersfromdifferentviews,suchasacross-culturalview,pragmaticview,andhavegainedcertainachievementstoimprovethequalityofpublicsignstranslation,butthecurrentsituationofpublicsignstranslationisstillfardiscontenting,andthereareallkindsofunidiomaticexpressionsthatwillleadtomisunderstandingsorfailurestoexchangecultures.

Thus,itisquitenecessarytomakeatheoreticalprobeintotheexistingproblemsandfindcorrespondingsolutionstothem.FewofscholarsstudypublicsignstranslationfromtheperspectiveofSkopostheorie,thetheorythatrequiresthetranslatorshouldfocusondifferentpurposesandfunctionsofdifferentsourcetextsandtrytomaketheirtranslationservethosepurposesandfunctions,sothethesiswillapplySkopostheorietopublicsignstranslationandsuggestsometranslationmethodsofC-Etranslationofpublicsigns,inthehopeofarousingattentionofthepublictocorrectthetranslationerrorsandcreatingaharmoniouscommunicativeenvironment.

Thethesisismadeupoffivepartsincludingintroductionandconclusion:

thefirstpartistointroducethesignificanceofpublicsignstranslation;

thesecondpartmainlyelaboratestheachievementsandproblemsofC-Epublicsignstranslation;

thenthethirdpartwillmakebrieflyintroductiontoSkopostheorie;

thefourthparttakesSkopostheorietoapplyinpublicsignstranslationandsuggestsseveraltranslationmethods.Aconclusionisdrawninthelastpart.

2TheCurrentSituationofPublicSignsTranslation

Since1978,guidedbythereformandopening-uppolicy,Chinabegantostrengthenthecommunicationwiththeoutsideworldviaallkindsofcommunicationmaterials.Althoughthereareafewresearchesonpublicsignstranslationbeforeenteringthe21thcentury,nowadaysmoreandmoreexperts’attentionaredrawnonpublicsignstranslation.Nowthethesisanalyzestheachievementsaswellasproblemsofpublicsignstranslationinpresentdays.

2.1AchievementsofPublicSignsTranslation

Sofar,manyscholarshavewrittenandpublishedpapersconcernedwithpublicsignstranslation.ThearticlescanbefoundinChineseTranslatorsJournalandotherkindsofjournals.DingHengqi（丁衡祁）givesusthedefinitionofpublicsigns[1].BeiZhu（北竹）&

ShanAimin（单爱民）pointouttherangeofpublicsigns[2].ProfessorDaiZongxian（戴宗显）andLvHefa（吕和发）,renownedexpertsonresearchofpublicsignstranslation,elaboratethefunctionalfeaturesandstylisticfeaturesofpublicsigns.Theynotethat,thestaticanddynamicindications,thedirecting,prompting,restrictingcompellingeffectsarethefunctionalfeatures.Mostofthearticlesorpapersrevealthemistakesofpublicsignstranslation[3].WangYinquan（王银泉）[4]andZhaoXiaopei（赵小沛）[5]discussthetranslationmistakesfrompragmaticpointofview.Somescholarsproposetranslationstrategiesofpublicsignsfromdifferentperspectives.ProfessorZhangMeifang（张美芳）[6]analyzesthepublicsignstranslationaccordingtoReiss’stheoryoftypology.HeXuegeng（贺学耕）putsforwardsomemethodsfortranslatingpublicsignsfromthepointofcommunicativetranslationstrategy[7].

Intheyear2004,groupsthatdoresearchonpublicsignstranslationwererespectivelyorganizedinBeijingandShanghai.Shanghailanguagecommitteeorganizedanexpertcommitteecomposedoflinguists,socialistsandtranslatorstodealwithC-EpublicsignstranslationasShanghai2010WorldExpositionisapproaching.BeijingInternationalStudiesUniversityhasalsodoneagreatcontributiontopublicsignstranslationresearchundertheguidanceofProfessorLvHefaandDaiZongxian.Intheyear2004and2005,themembersof“Chinese-Englishsignresearchteam”visitedBritain,France,Holland,Belgium,Italyand11otherEuropeancountries,collectingmorethan3000originalpictures.Besides,onJanuary18,2006,“ChineseandEnglishSignResearchCenter”wasfoundedinBeijingInternationalStudiesUniversitythatpushedtheC-Epublicsignstranslationtoanewstep.

InAugust2003,aspecificpublicsignstranslationresearchwebsitewww.e-signs.infowasformedandayearlater,AChinese-EnglishDictionaryonPublicSignseditedbyprofessorLvHefaandShanLiping（单丽萍）waspublishedbytheCommercialPress.In2005,ChinaDailylaunchedacountrywideactivityonfindingoutmisusesofC-Epublicsignstranslation（AndthenChinese-EnglishTranslationofSigns,editedbyProfessorWangYin（王颖）andLvHefa,waspublishedin2007.

Manyotherexpertsalsopublishtheirarticlesandhavecontributedalottopublicsignstranslation.AlltheseprovethatC-EpublicsignstranslationhasattractedmoreandmoreattentionaroundChina.Allachievementsofpublicsignstranslationdonebyindividualsandorganizationsgreatlypromotethequalityofpublicsignstranslation.

2.2ProblemsofPublicSignsTranslation

Fromnowon,althoughgreatachievementsofpublicsignstranslationaregainedthroughalltheendeavorsoftheChinesegovernmentandplentyofscholars,therearestilllotsofproblemsanderrorsfrequentlyfoundinpublicplacesandnotallthepublicsignstranslationsarestandardandcorrect.Frommypointofview,theerrorsofpublicsignstranslationmainlyfallintothreecategories:

linguistictranslationerrors,pragmatictranslationerrors,culturaltranslationerrors.

2.2.1LinguisticTranslationErrors

Linguistictranslationerrorsarecausedbyaninadequatetranslationwhenthefocusisonlanguagestructures.Theyareoftenduetotranslator’scompetence.Thelinguisticerrorsofpublicsignstranslationcanbedividedintospellingmistakes,grammaticalmistakesandimproperdiction.

Spellingmistakescanbeseenfrequentlyeverywhere,andtheymainlyresultfromthecarelessnessofthetranslatorsorpainters.Forexample海师洞（GaveofMonkHaitong）,obviously,“Gave”shouldbereplaced“Cave”.Thiskindofmistakenotonlyaffectstheforeigners’understandingoftheinformationonthepublicsigns,butalsomayleaveaperfunctoryorterribleimpressiononthereaders.

Grammarbecomesoneofthekeyreferencesforthetranslators,butmanytranslationsarenotdoneinaccordancewiththegrammaticalrules,solotsofgrammaticalmistakescanbefoundinthetranslationofpublicsigns.Themistakestakevariousformsandmostofthemjustresultedfromthelowproficiencyoftranslators.Amongthem,misuseofpartofspeech,wrongsentencestructuresanddanglingmodifiersaremostseriousproblems.Forexample:

南方候车室（SouthWaitingHall）and北方候车室（NorthWaitingHall）[8].Theseversionsmayconfuseforeigners,becauseSouthWaitingHallandNorthWaitingHallonlymeanthepositionsofthetwowaitinghalls,thatis,SouthWaitingHallistheplacewheretravelerscanwaitforthetrainsboundforsouthdirection,andNorthWaitingHallistheplacewheretravelerscanwaitforthetrainsboundfornorthdirection.However,Chinesecallit南方候车室,becausethehallfacestheSouth,thesamereasonfor北方候车室.

Sincemostpublicsignsarerathershortandbrief,thechoiceofproperwordsplaysaveryimportantroleinthecourseoftranslation.TheerrorsofpublicsignstranslationcausedbyimproperdictionarecommontobeseeninChina.公共交通公司（PublicTrafficCompany）isthetypicalexample.Obviously,thewordtraffichereisnotaproperchoice,andtheaccuratewordshouldbetransportation.AccordingtoCollinsCobuildEnglishLanguageDictionary[9],trafficmeans“themovementofcarsandothervehiclesontheroads,especiallyintownsandcities”,whiletransportationis“themovingofgoodsorpeoplefromoneplacetoanotherinavehicleorvehicles”,sothepropertranslationisPublicTransportationCompany.Thetranslatormaybeinfluencedbytheexpressions“trafficaccident”（交通事故）and“trafficjam”（交通堵塞）.

2.2.2PragmaticTranslationErrors

Pragmatictranslationreferstotranslationwhichpaysattentionnotonlytodenotativemeaningbutalsoto“thewayutterancesareusedincommunicativesituationsandthewayinterpretthemincontext”[10].Pragmatictranslationerrorscausepragmaticfailuresintargettext.AccordingtotheanalysisofpragmaticfailuresbyHeZiran（何自然）[11],thethesisintendstodiscusspragmatictranslationerrorsinpublicsignsinthefollowingtwoaspects,namely1）thetranslationdoesnotconformtotheEnglishexpression;

2）thetranslationisinfluencedbyChineselanguagethinkingandmisusesChineseexpressivepattern.

1）ThetranslationdoesnotconformtotheEnglishexpression.Thepublicsignstra