剑桥商务英语高级真题阅读Word文件下载.docx
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Whichpassagedoeseachsentencereferto?
Foreachsentence1-8,markoneletterA1B,C,DorEonyourAnswerSheet.
Youwillneedtousesomeoftheselettersmorethanonce.
Example:
Hehasdevelopedhisowncompanytopromotehiswork.
0ABCDE
1Othersinhisfieldthinkveryhighlyofhim.
2Hisideashavespreadbeyondthebusinessworld.
3Hefeltthatpeopleshouldbeabletoenjoytheirwork.
4Hisideasaremorecomplexthantheyseem.
5Hedidavarietyofinterestingthingsbeforewritinghisbooks.
6Hismostsuccessfulbookwaswrittenwithacolleague.
7Heisparticularlyskilledatforecastingimportantdevelopments.
8Contactwiththemilitarywasanearlyinfluenceonhisthinking.
AJohnAdair
AdairisthepioneeringBritishthinkerinthetheoryofleadership.HewasthefirstpersonintheUKtoholdaprofessorshipinBusinessLeadershipandhaspublishedaseriesofinfluentialbooksonthesubject.
Despitehisquietappearance,Adairhashadacolourfullife,servinginaBedouinregimentandworkingonanArcticfishingboat!
HisinitialinterestinleadershipcamefromhisarmyexperienceandheusedtolectureatthehighlyprestigiousacademywhereBritisharmyofficesaretrained.Henowworksasaninternationalconsultant.
BEdwarddeBono
DeBonoisunusualamongmajorgurusfortworeasons:
firstly,hewasbornnotinoneofthegreatindustrialnationsbutonthetinyislandofMalta.Secondly,hisideashavereachedawideraudiencethanjustmanagers,sothathisbookshavebecomeessentialrendinginmanydifferentdisciplines.
MostofdeBonosworkhasbeenconcernedwiththewayhumanbeingscantrainthemselvestothinkmorecreatively.Thisapparentlysimpleideahasresultedin37booksandahighlysuccessfulcareerasalecturerandconsultant.
CPeterDrucker
ProbablynoothersinglethinkerhasdoneasmuchasDruckertoestablishmanagementasaseriousareaofstudy.Certainly,hisfellowmanagementthinkersconsiderhimoneofthefoundingfathersofthediscipline,andhisbooksandarticlesarequotedmorethanthoseofanyothermanagementwriter.
Hisfirstbookwaspublishedasfarbackas1939,yetheisstillwritingandteaching.Hisgreatestdistinctionhasbeenhisabilitytopredictcomingtrendsinbusinessandeconomics.Asaresult,hisideasaretreatedwiththegreatestrespectandinterest.
DFrederickHerzberg
Althoughrelativelyfewcontemporarymanagementstudentswillhavereadhisbooks,Herzbergsnameisinstantlyrecognisabletoanyonewhohasstudiedindustrialorganisations.ThisisbecausetheAmericanpsychologistwasresponsibleforintroducingtheconceptofmotivationintomanagementthinking.
Asayoungman,Herzbergbecamedeeplyinterestedinmentalillnessandthehumanneedformentalandemotionalsatisfaction.Thisledhimtocriticisetheapproachofmanycompaniestojobdesign,andtoarguefortheneedforjobenrichmenttostimulateemployeesefforts.
ETomPeters
TheAmericansreputationwascreatedintheI980sbythespectacularsuccessofonebook,InSearchofExcellence,co-writtenwithRobertWaterman.Thetwowereworkingtogetherasmanagementconsultantsandno-oneexpectedtheirfirst(andonly)booktoendupselling5millioncopiesworldwide!
Althoughhisideashavebeencriticised,Peterspopularityasaspeakerandwriterhascontinuedtogrow.SomuchsothatPetershascreatedhisownbusinesstomarketbooks,videosandconsultancybasedonhiswork.
PARTTWO
Questions9-14
Readthistextfromanarticleabouthealthclubs.
Choosethebestsentencefromtheoppositepagetofillineachofthegaps.
Foreachgap9-14,markoneletterA-HonyourAnswerSheet.
Donotuseanylettermorethanonce.
Thereisanexampleatthebeginning(0).
Travelstressbringsboomtohealthclubs
Arapidgrowthinbusinesstravelhasprovidedalucrativespin-offforBritishhealthclubsascompaniestrytopreventhard-workingexecutivesfromsufferingtravel-relatedstress.
Healthclubsarefullybookedthroughoutthecomingmonthsallaroundthecountryandmanyareplanningtoexpandtheirfacilities.
0HAccordingtoGillieTurner,groupmarketingmanagerfortheChampneysgroupofhealthclubs,duringthelastrecessionexecutiveslostmanyoftheirextrabenefitsascompaniescutback..9ShesaysthatlargecompaniesalsoseemtohavedecidedthatitisnogoodsendingsomeonetoacountrylikeSpainasarewardfordoingagoodjob,becausetheywillsimplyeattoomuchandflopontoabeach..10
Champneys,thecompanyacknowledgedasthemarketleaderinthisfield,isnowplanningtointroduceaspecial"
ProfitingfromStress"
course,whichwillrunoverthreedays..11JonathonStapleton,generalmanagerofChampneys,saysthatmoderncorporatelifebeingwhatitis,mostbusinesstravellersfindthattheyarehavingtodotheworkwhich-evenayearago-wasdonebytwo.12
Tomeetthisnewdemand,otherhealthclubsarealsothinkingofintroducingsimilarschemes.ClareBrandish,thesalesandmarketingdirectorofanotherhealthclub,hasnoticedamarkedchangeintheclienteleatherclub..13
Businessesofallkindsareanxioustoreduceabsenteeism..14Muchoftheproblemiscausedbylongperiodsawayfromhome,irregularhours,businessentertainingandjetlag.
AccordingtotheGuildofBusinessTravelAgents,salesofbusiness-classairlineticketshaverisenby12%inthepastyear,hotelbookingshavegoneupby36%andcarhirehasrisenby24%.DaveReynolds,theGBTAchiefexecutive,saysthatthetroubleisthatthesamenumberofpeoplearebeingaskedtotravelmoreoften.Hecommentsthatitisno
wondertheyneedtotakeabreakinahealthclub.
AIthasbeencalculatedthatabout40millionworkingdaysarelosteachyearinBritainbecauseofstress,tentimesasmanyasarelost10industrialdisputes.
BThishasinvolvedaconsiderableriseinthenumberofbusinessbookings,whereaspreviouslymostclientscameasprivateindividuals.
CNowtheyarebeingrestored,asindustryrealisesthatthehealthofitsexecutivesisvital.
DButwhowillbenefitmostfromthesedevelopments?
EBecauseofthepressuresthisimposes,manycompanieshavenowdecidedthatitisworthwhilepayingfortheirseniorexecutivestotakeaproperbreakandgetadviceonhowtocombatstress.
FExecutivestakingpartinitwillbegivenmassagesandhealthtreatments,workoutsandarangeoftalksonhowtodealwithstress,especiallywhentravelling.
GSowhatsthereasonforthisnowtrend?
阅读真题二
0
Readthefollowingarticleonrecruitingandmanagingstaffandthequestionsontheoppositepage.
Eachquestionhasfoursuggestedanswersorwaysoffinishingthesentence,A,B,CandD.
MarkoneletterA,B,CorDonyourAnswerSheet,fortheansweryouchoose.
Asamanagerintheserviceindustrysector,IvelookedathundredsofCVsinmytime.Theyarenotnecessarilytheblanddocumentssomebossesmightthinktheyare!
Theyarefulloflittlepointerstowardsindividualspersonalitiesandsuitabilityforthejob.ThefirstthingIalwayslookatisanapplicantsemploymentrecord.Icheckforcontinuityandstability.Ifsomebodyhasalonglistofpreviousjobs,allofvaryinglength,alarmbellsstartringing.Ratherthananirregularroutefromjobtojob,whatIhopetoseeisstablecareerprogression.Whatdoestheircareerpathlooklike-isitallstepsforward,oraretherealotofsidewaysmoves?
AndIamalwayspleasedtofindafamilypersonwithchildren,becauseinmyexperiencetheytendtoberesponsibleandreliable.
IneverrelyonCVsalone.Wegetapplicantstofillinoneofourownapplicationforms.Weaskwhytheyveapplied,whattheiraspirationsandpersonalgoalsare,andalsoabouttheirinterestsandhobbiesandanyclubstheybelongto.Thatgivesyouausefulinsightintotheirpersonalityandlifestyle.Theapplicationformalsoenablesustotesthowmuchpeoplehaveactuallybeenprogressingintheircareers,becauseweaskfordetailsofthesalariestheyhavereceivedforeachjob.
ItsalwaysworthlookingatCVsanddesigningapplicationformswithgreatcare.Takingonemployeesmightberewarding,butitisalsoabiginvestmentforanybusiness.Mistakesinchoosingstaffcancostcompaniesdear,soitmakessensetospendtimeensuringyougettherightperson.
Intheservicesector,oneoftheaimsofcompaniesistomaintainandimprovecustomerservice,andthisisachievedpartlythroughlowstaffturnover.Youneedtotakeonpeoplewhounderstandthat,andwillwanttostay.Thatswhy,whenyouvetakenstaffon,thenextthingisgettingthebestoutofthem.
MymanagementstylecomesfromthedayswhenItookovermyfirstbusiness,anailingroadhaulagefirmwhichIwascertainIcouldturnintoaprofitablecompany.Thefirstthingistotreatothersasyoudliketobetreatedyourself.AssoonasItookoverthebusiness,Italkedtoeverybodyindividually,andlookedforwaystomakesuretheirparticularskillsbenefitedthecompany.
Ididnthavemuchexperiencethenofmanagingpeople,butaboveallIalwaystriedtobefairandhonestwitheveryone.Asaresult,Ithinkthestaffknewthatandacceptedmydecisions,eveniftheydidntagreewiththemall.Also,bossesmustbeabletocommunicate.Youalsoneedtocreateteamspirit,andbuildo