英语演讲原文The Fourteen Points Speech by Woodrow WilsonWord格式.docx

英语演讲原文The Fourteen Points Speech by Woodrow WilsonWord格式.docx

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Oncemore,asrepeatedlybefore,thespokesmenoftheCentralEmpireshaveindicatedtheirdesiretodiscusstheobjectsofthewarandthepossiblebasisofageneralpeace.Parleys1havebeeninprogressatBrest-LitovskbetweenRussianrepresentativesandrepresentativesoftheCentralPowerstowhichtheattentionofallthebelligerents2hasbeeninvitedforthepurposeofascertaining3whetheritmaybepossibletoextendtheseparleysintoageneralconferencewithregardtotermsofpeaceandsettlement.TheRussianrepresentativespresentednotonlyaperfectly4definitestatementoftheprinciplesuponwhichtheywouldbewillingtoconcludepeace,butalsoanequallydefiniteprogramoftheconcreteapplicationofthoseprinciples.TherepresentativesoftheCentralPowers,ontheirpart,presentedanoutlineofsettlementwhich,ifmuchlessdefinite,seemedsusceptible5ofliberalinterpretation6untiltheirspecificprogramofpracticaltermswasadded.Thatprogramproposednoconcessions7atall,eithertothesovereigntyofRussiaortothepreferencesofthepopulationswithwhosefortunesitdealt,butmeant,inaword,thattheCentralEmpiresweretokeepeveryfootofterritorytheirarmedforceshadoccupied--everyprovince,everycity,everypointofvantageasapermanentadditiontotheirterritoriesandtheirpower.Itisareasonableconjecture8thatthegeneralprinciplesofsettlementwhichtheyatfirstsuggestedoriginatedwiththemoreliberalstatesmenofGermanyandAustria,themenwhohavebeguntofeeltheforceoftheirownpeoples'

thoughtandpurpose,whiletheconcretetermsofactualsettlementcamefromthemilitaryleaderswhohavenothoughtbuttokeepwhattheyhavegot.Thenegotiations9havebeenbrokenoff.TheRussianrepresentativesweresincereandinearnest.Theycannotentertainsuchproposalsofconquestanddomination.Thewholeincidentisfullofsignificance.Itisalsofullofperplexity.WithwhomaretheRussianrepresentativesdealing10?

ForwhomaretherepresentativesoftheCentralEmpiresspeaking?

Aretheyspeakingforthemajoritiesoftheirrespectiveparliamentsorfortheminorityparties,thatmilitaryandimperialistic11minoritywhichhassofardominatedtheirwholepolicyandcontrolledtheaffairsofTurkeyandoftheBalkanStateswhichhavefeltobligedtobecometheirassociatesinthiswar?

TheRussianrepresentativeshaveinsisted,veryjustly,verywisely,andinthetruespiritofmoderndemocracy,thattheconferencestheyhavebeenholdingwiththeTeutonicandTurkishstatesmenshouldbeheldwithinopen,notclosed,doors,andalltheworldliesbeenaudience,aswasdesired.Towhomhavewebeenlistening,then?

TothosewhospeakthespiritandintentionoftheresolutionsoftheGermanReichstagofthe9thofJulylast,thespiritandintentionoftheliberalleadersandpartiesofGermany,ortothosewhoresistanddefythatspiritandintentionandinsistuponconquestandsubjugation12?

Orarewelistening,infact,toboth,un-reconciledandinopenandhopelesscontradiction?

Theseareveryseriousandpregnantquestions.Upontheanswertothemdependsthepeaceoftheworld.ButwhatevertheresultsoftheparleysatBrest-Litovsk,whatevertheconfusionsofcounselandofpurposeintheutterances13ofthespokesmenoftheCentralEmpires,theyhaveagainattemptedtoacquainttheworldwiththeirobjectsinthewarandhaveagainchallengedtheiradversaries14tosaywhattheirobjectsareandwhatsortofsettlementtheywoulddeemjustandsatisfactory.Thereisnogoodreasonwhythatchallengeshouldnotberespondedto,andrespondedtowiththeutmostcandor15.Wedidnotwaitforit.Notonce,butagainandagainwehavelaidourwholethoughtandpurposebeforetheworld,notingeneraltermsonly,buteachtimewithsufficientdefinitiontomakeitclearwhatsortofdefinitetermsofsettlementmustnecessarilyspringoutofthem.WithinthelastweekMr.LloydGeorgehasspokenwithadmirablecandorandinadmirablespiritforthepeopleandGovernmentofGreatBritain.ThereisnoconfusionofcounselamongtheadversariesoftheCentralPowers,nouncertainty16ofprinciple,novaguenessofdetail.Theonlysecrecy17ofcounsel,theonlylackoffearlessfrankness,theonlyfailuretomakedefinitestatementoftheobjectsofthewar,lieswithGermanyandherallies.Theissuesoflifeanddeathhanguponthesedefinitions.Nostatesmanwhohastheleastconceptionofhisresponsibilityoughtforamomenttopermithimselftocontinuethistragic18andappalling19outpouringofbloodandtreasureunlessheissurebeyondaperadventurethattheobjectsofthevitalsacrificearepartandparceloftheverylifeofsocietyandthatthepeopleforwhomhespeaksthinkthemrightandimperative20ashedoes.Thereis,moreover,avoicecallingforthesedefinitionsofprincipleandofpurposewhichis,itseemstome,morethrillingandmorecompellingthananyofthemanymovingvoiceswithwhichthetroubledairoftheworldisfilled.ItisthevoiceoftheRussianpeople.Theyareprostrate21andallbuthelpless,itwouldseem,beforethegrimpowerofGermany,whichhashithertoknownnorelentingandnopity.Theirpower,apparently22,isshattered.Andyettheirsoulisnotsubservient23.Theywillnotyieldeitherinprincipleorinaction.Theirconceptionofwhatisright,ofwhatishumane24andhonourable25forthemtoaccept,hasbeenstatedwithafrankness,alargenessofview,agenerosity26ofspirit,andauniversalhumansympathywhichmustchallengetheadmiration27ofeveryfriendofmankind;

andtheyhaverefusedtocompoundtheiridealsordesertothersthattheythemselvesmaybesafe.Theycalltoustosaywhatitisthatwedesire,inwhat,ifinanything,ourpurposeandourspiritdifferfromtheirs;

andIbelievethatthepeopleoftheUnitedStateswouldwishmetorespond,withuttersimplicity28andfrankness.Whethertheirpresentleadersbelieveitornot,itisourheartfeltdesireandhopethatsomewaymaybeopenedwherebywemaybeprivilegedtoassistthepeopleofRussiatoattain29theirutmosthopeoflibertyandorderedpeace.Itwillbeourwishandpurposethattheprocessesofpeace,whentheyarebegun,shallbeabsolutelyopenandthattheyshallinvolveandpermithenceforthnosecretunderstandingsofanykind.Thedayofconquestandaggrandizement30isgoneby;

soisalsothedayofsecretcovenants32enteredintointheinterestofparticulargovernmentsandlikelyatsomeunlooked-formomenttoupsetthepeaceoftheworld.Itisthishappyfact,nowcleartotheviewofeverypublicmanwhosethoughtsdonotstilllingerinanagethatisdeadandgone,whichmakesitpossibleforeverynationwhosepurposesareconsistentwithjusticeandthepeaceoftheworldtoavow33noworatanyothertimetheobjectsithasinview.Weenteredthiswarbecauseviolations34ofrighthadoccurredwhichtouchedustothequickandmadethelifeofourownpeopleimpossibleunlesstheywerecorrectedandtheworldsecuredonceforallagainsttheirrecurrence35.Whatwedemandinthiswar,therefore,isnothingpeculiar36toourselves.Itisthattheworldbemadefitandsafetolivein;

andparticularlythatitbemadesafeforeverypeace-lovingnationwhich,likeourown,wishestoliveitsownlife,determineitsowninstitutions,beassuredofjusticeandfairdealingbytheotherpeoplesoftheworld,asagainstforceandselfishaggression37.Allthepeoplesoftheworldareineffectpartnersinthisinterest,andforourownpartweseeveryclearlythatunlessjusticebedonetoothersitwillnotbedonetous.Theprogramoftheworld'

speace,therefore,isourprogram;

andthatprogram,theonlypossibleprogram,allweseeit,isthis:

1.Opencovenantsofpeacemustbearrivedat,afterwhichtherewillsurelybenoprivateinternationalactionorrulingsofanykind,butdiplomacy38shallproceedalwaysfrankly39andinthepublicview.

2.Absolutefreedomofnavigationupontheseas,outsideterritorial40waters,alikeinpeaceandinwar,exceptastheseasmaybeclosedinwholeorinpartbyinternationalactionfortheenforcementofinternationalcovenants.

3.Theremoval,sofaraspossible,ofalleconomicbarriersandtheestablishmentofanequalityoftradeconditionsamongallthenationsconsentingtothepeaceandassociatingthemselvesforitsmaintenance.

4.Adequateguaranteesgivenandtakenthatnationalarmamentswillbereducedtothelowestpointsconsistentwithdomesticsafety.

5.Afree,open-minded,andabsolutelyimpartial41adjustmentofallcolonialclaims,baseduponastrictobservanceoftheprinciplethatindeterminingallsuchquestionsofsovereigntytheinterestsofthepopulationconcernedmusthaveequalweightwiththeequitable42claimsofthegovernmentwhosetitleistobedetermined43.

6.TheevacuationofallRussianterritoryandsuchasettlementofallquestionsaffectingRussiaaswillsecurethebestandfreestcooperationoftheothernationsoftheworldinobtainingforheranunhamperedandunembarrassedopportunityfortheindependentdeterminationofherownpoliticaldevelopmentandnationalpolicy,andassureherofasincerewelcomeintothesocietyoffreenationsunderinstitutionsofherownchoosing;

and,morethanawelcome,assistancealsoofeverykindthatshemayneedandmayherselfdesire.ThetreatmentaccordedRussiabyhersisternationsinthemonthstocomewillbetheacidtestoftheirgoodwill,oftheircomprehensionofherneedsasdistinguished44fromtheirowninterests,andof