人教版高中英语选修八模块检测二Word文档格式.docx
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OverEarth'
slonghistory,therehavebeenanumberoftimeswheniceandsnowcoveredalargepartofitssurface.Suchperiodsareknownasiceages.
Earthisinaniceagenow.Itstartedabout2millionyearsago.Despitethemanywarmperiodssincethen,scientistsregardthewholetimeasoneiceagebecauseofthecontinuousexistenceofatleastonelargeicesheet—theoneoverAntarctica.
ThenewdiscoverywasmadebyChineseandUSscientists.ItsuggestsPekingManisprobablyouroldestcoldweatherhumanbeing,saidDarrylGranger,anatmosphericscientistatPurdueUniversitywhoseresearchappearsinThursday'
seditionofthejournalNature.
“TheaverageyearlytemperatureatthetimeinthatpartofChinawasaroundthefreezingmark,butitwastoodryforanicesheet,”Grangersaid.
Thisraisesaquestion.HowdidPekingMansurvivethecoldweather?
RickPotts,aSmithsonianInstitutionhumanoriginsexpertwhowasn'
tinvolvedintheresearch,raisedthreepossibilities:
First,fire.EarlyfindingsshowedsignsofafireinPekingMan'
scave.Buttherehasbeendebateaboutwhetherthefirewasaccidentalorcontrolled.
Second,fur.ThereisnoevidencethatPekingManusedsimpletoolstomakemoreform-fittingclothes.It'
smorelikelyheworeanimalfur.
Third,hemayhavedevelopedgraduallytohandlethecold.PekingManmayhaveexperiencedphysiologicalchangesthatallowedmorebloodtoflowtohishandsandlegs,Portssaid.“Peopleingeneralwholiveincolderclimatestendtobeshorterandwider,”heexplained.
UnlikethetimesofPekingMan,todaytheglobaltemperatureisrisingduetothegreenhouseeffect.Inthefuture,couldhumansdeveloptohandlethewarmthjustasPekingMandidtofightthecold?
【语篇解读】 最新研究发现北京人的年代应该是处于冰河世纪,比我们原先的估计早20多万年。
1.Accordingtothenewresearch,PekingManactuallydatesbackto________.
A.around500,000yearsago
B.over200,000yearsago
C.about770,000yearsago
D.about2millionyearsago
解析:
细节理解题。
由第二段最后一句话“What'
simportantaboutthatdate,about770,000yearsago,isthatthiswasaniceageonEarth.”可知选C项。
答案:
C
2.Whatisthemostimportantstandardforscientiststodecideaniceage?
A.Theweatherconditions.
B.Thecontinuousexistenceofanylargeicesheets.
C.Theaverageyearlytemperature.
D.Thelongperiodofsnowfall.
推理判断题。
由第四段第三句话“...scientistsregardthewholetimeasoneiceagebecauseofthecontinuousexistenceofatleastonelargeicesheet—theoneoverAntarctica.”可知选B项。
B
3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttoconveytous?
A.ThelatestdiscoveryaboutPekingMan.
B.ThelifeofPekingManduringiceage.
C.ThewaythePekingManusetofightagainstcoldness.
D.ThetimethePekingMandatefrom.
主旨大意题。
本文是报道类文章,第二段点明了本文的中心——北京人的年代应该是处于冰河世纪,比我们原先的估计早20多万年。
4.Thepassagecanprobablybefoundin________.
A.ahistorytextbook
B.ascientificmagazine
C.aresearchreport
D.anentertainmentnewspaper
文章出处题。
本文主要介绍了最新的发现,最应该出现的地方是科学杂志,故选B项。
Thinkaboutalltheplasticinourliveslikeplasticbags,plasticcupsandplasticplates.Also,thinkaboutthoseforksandspoonsinyourschoolcafeteria.Theymayprobablybeplastic.Forbetterorforworse,plasticseemstobeeverywhere—evenplacesthatmightbehundredsofmilesfromthenearesthumansettlement.
Backinthe1990s,amannamedCharlesMoorediscoveredahugefloatingislandofplasticintheNorthPacificOcean—tonsandtonsoffloatingdebris(碎片)andgarbage.Sincethen,fourmorefloatingislandsofplastichavebeendiscoveredinotherpartsoftheworld.Now,Mooresays,theislandthathediscoveredisspreadingmuchfartherthanheexpected.Hemadethatdiscoveryduringa30-dayresearchexpedition.
Theyfoundalotmoreplasticfartherawayfromtheareathat'
scalledtheGreatPacificGarbagePatchthantheyhadeverseen,saidMariettaFrancis,whoistheexecutivedirectoroftheAMRI—aninstitutethatMoorecreatedtoinvestigatethefloatingplasticproblem.Theyranacrossitfasterthanexpected.Rightnow,expertssaytheyarenotsurewhatallthisplasticisdoingtothehealthofouroceansorourownhealth,forthatmatter.Theysuspectthatsmallfishareeatingtinybitsoftheplastic,andthatthosetinylittlebitsaregettingintobiggerfishwhenthebiggerfisheatthesmallfish.Ofcourse,we'
reatthetopofthefoodchain—mostofthetime,atleast.Sothatmeansiftheplasticisgettingintothebigfish,thenit'
sgettingintothefishweeatandverypossiblygettingintous.
Mooreandotherresearchersareanxiousabouttheplasticislandsandhopetofigureoutwhateffectallthatplasticishaving.Butrightnow,expertssaytheirresearchisstillinitsveryearlystages.“Whatwedoknowforsurerightnowisthatfrom10,000to35,000tonsofplasticisfloatingonthesurfaceofouroceans.Andwehumansputitthere,”saidMoore.
【语篇解读】 海洋上漂浮着塑料垃圾岛,这会给海洋生物以及人类带来影响吗?
5.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?
A.Plastichasaterribleeffectonpeople'
slife.
B.Goodusehasbeenmadeofplasticinpeople'
C.Plasticproductsshouldnotbeusedinschoolcafeteria.
D.Plasticiswidelyusedandcanbeseenalmosteverywhere.
从第一段的内容可知,塑料在生活中应用广泛,无论是陆地还是海洋,随处可见塑料垃圾。
故选D项。
D
6.WhathaveCharlesMooreandotherresearchersfound?
A.Thefloatingplasticproblemcannotbesolvedatpresent.
B.MorethanfourislandsofplasticlieinthePacificOcean.
C.Humanbeinghasthrowntoomuchplasticintotheoceans.
D.Theislandofplastichasgrownmorequicklythanexpected.
从第二段的“Now,Mooresays,theislandthathediscoveredisspreadingmuchfartherthanheexpected.”可知,北太平洋的塑料垃圾岛面积正快速增大。
其速度超出了他的意料。
7.Accordingtoexperts,theplastic________.
A.maythreatenhuman'
shealth
B.hasbecomepartofmostfish'
sfood
C.hasledtosomekindsoffish'
sdeath
D.maybecomethetopofthefoodchain
从第三段的内容可知,根据食物链结构,塑料垃圾若进入鱼的体内,最后则有可能进入人类的体内,从而危害到人类的健康。
故选A项。
8.Wecanknowfromthelastparagraphthat________.
A.theplasticislandshavenothingtodowiththehumanactivity
B.theauthorcallsonpeopletoprotectouroceansagainstislandsofplastic
C.furtherresearchwillbecarriedouttofindouttheeffectsoftheplasticislands
D.theauthorwantstowarnhumanbeingsofthebadeffectsofplasticislands
根据最后一段的“hopetofigureoutwhateffectallthatplasticishaving.Butrightnow...”可知答案。
InancientEgypt,ashopkeeperdiscoveredthathecouldattractcustomerstohisshopsimplybymakingchangestoitsenvironment.Modernbusinesseshavebeenfollowinghislead,withmoretactics(策略).
Onetacticinvolveswheretodisplaythegoods.Forexample,storesplacefruitsandvegetablesinthefirstsection.Theyknowthatcustomerswhobuythehealthyfoodfirstwillfeelhappysothattheywillbuymorejunkfood(垃圾食品)laterintheirtrip.Indepartmentstores,thewomen'
sshoesectionisgenerallynexttothewomen'
scosmetics(化妆品)section:
whiletheshopassistantisgoingbacktofindtherightsizeshoe,boredcustomersarelikelytowanderoverandfindsomecosmeticstheymightwanttotrylater.
Besides,businessesseektoappealtocustomers'
senses.Storesnoticethatthesmellofbakedgoodsencouragesshopping,sotheymaketheirownbreadeachmorningandthenfanthebreadsmellintothestorethroughouttheday.Musicsellsgoods,too.ResearchersinBritainfoundthatwhenFrenchmusicwasplayed,salesofFrenchwineswentup.
Whenitcomestothesellingofhouses,businessesalsousehighlyrewardingtactics.Theyfindthatcustomersmakedecisionsinthefirstfewsecondsuponwalkinginthedoor,andturnitintoabusinessopportunity.ACaliforniabuilderdesignedthestructureofitshousessmartly.Whenenteringthehouse,thecustomerwouldseethePacificOceanthroughthewindows,andthenthepoolthroughanopenstairwayleadingtothelowerlevel.Theinstantviewofwateronbothlevelshelpedsellthese$10millionhouses.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。
你知道现在的商家是怎么吸引顾客的吗?
他们效仿古埃及店主的做法,通过对商店的环境做一些改变来吸引顾客。
9.Whydostoresusuallydisplayfruitsandvegetablesinthefirstsection?
A.Tosavecustomers'
time.
B.Toshowtheyarehighqualityfoods.
C.Tohelpselljunkfood.
D.Tosellthematdiscountprices.
根据第二段的举例内容可知,商家如此摆放水果和蔬菜的目的是让先买健康食品的顾客感到高兴,这样他们稍后就会买更多的垃圾食品了。
解题时不能凭主观臆断选择答案,B项干扰性很强,商家展示自己商品的高质量是毋庸置疑的,但本文并未提及。
10.WhatistheCaliforniabuilder'
sstoryintendedtoprove?
A.Thehousestructureisakeyfactorcustomersconsider.
B.Themorecostlythehouseis,thebetteritsells.
C.Anoceanviewismuchtothecustomers'
taste.
D.Agoodfirstimpressionincreasessales.
最后一段提到顾客在进店的头几秒钟就会做出是否购买的决定,因此良好的第一印象自然会有助于增加销量。
11.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A.Toexplainhowbusinessesturnpeopleintotheircustomers.
B.Tointroducehowbusinesseshavegrownfromthepast.
C.Toreportresearchesoncustomerbehaviour.
D.Toshowdishonestbusinesspractices.
目的意图题。
文章的第一段就点明了主题。
本文主要介绍的是商家是通过哪些手段把人们变成顾客的。
因此答案选A。
文章虽然提到了古埃及,但并不是介绍商家是如何从过去发展而来的,因此B项不对;
文章主要聚焦在商家的一些做法上,因此C项有误;
D项的dishonest一词与全文的基调不一致,文章只是客观介绍,并没有暗示商家不诚实。
Whenshemovedthecoveringclothtolookuponhistinyface,shewasshocked.Thedoctorturnedquicklyandlookedoutthetallhospitalwindow.Thebab