届新高考英语最新模拟汇编专题02 阅读理解之说明文二原卷版文档格式.docx
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SomeprominentAsiansrunbigcompanies.ArvindKrishnaisIBM’snewboss.SatyaNadellarunsMicrosoftandSundarPichaileadsAlphabet.ButfewotherAsianshavejoinedtheirranks—and,revealingly,thesestarsallhaveIndianroots.TherearefewerSouthAsiansinAmericathanEastAsians,buttheystillmadeup13ofall16AsianS&
P500CEOs.
WhyaretheresofewAsiansamongAmerica’sbusinesselite?
Andifabambooceilingistoblame,whydoSouthAsiansbreakthroughmoreeasily?
ThesequestionsarethefocusofastudybyJacksonLuofMITSloanSchoolofManagementandcolleagues,whosurveyedhundredsofseniorexecutivesandbusiness-schoolstudents.Theyfoundthatwhilediscriminationexists,itisnotdestiny.SouthAsiansenduregreaterracismthanEastAsiansbutstilloutperformevenwhites(ifsuccessisweighedagainstshareofpopulation).Theirresearchalsorulesoutlackofambition:
agreatershareofAsiansthanwhitesendeavorforhigh-statusjobs.
Thatleavesculture.TheresearchersconcludethatSouthAsianstendtobemoredeterminedandconfidentthanEastAsiansinhowtheycommunicateatwork,whichfitsWesternconceptsofhowaleadershouldbehave.Thesametendencyforconfidentremarksfeaturedin“TheArgumentativeIndian”,abookbyAmartyaSen,aNobel-prizewinningeconomist.TheresearchersoweEastAsians’silencetoConfucianvaluesofmodestyandrespectforsocialranking.Sometimesbraveryandbombastareneededtobreakbamboo.
12.Whatdoes“bambooceiling”referto?
A.ThetopofanAmericantechnologycompany.
B.AroofmadeofbambootypicalofAsianbuildings.
C.PromotionobstaclesfacingAsianemployeesinAmerica.
D.TheinvisiblediscriminationagainstAsiansintheUSA.
13.Whatdoes“under-represented”inParagraph2mean?
A.Lackingrepresentatives.B.Hardtoshowtheirtalents.
C.Beingunderestimated.D.Unabletolandajob.
14.AccordingtoJacksonLu,whatmainlyaccountsforfewerpromotionsofEastAsiansthanSouthAsians?
A.Asmallpopulation.B.Discrimination.C.Lackofambition.D.Culture.
15.WhydoSouthAsianssucceedinAmericanbusinessmoreeasily?
A.Westernpeopleprefermodestytoconfidenceincommunication.
B.TheconfidencetheydemonstrateconsistswithWesternleadership.
C.Theyenduregreaterracismandbecomemoreambitious.
D.Theirambitionurgesthemtoendeavorforhigh-statusjobs.
二、(湖北省龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中2021届高三联考)
WorldNoTobaccoDayiscelebratedeach31stofMay.Theaimistobringattentiontothegrowinguseoftobaccoanditsdeadlyeffects.TheWorldHealthAssemblyestablishedtheeventin1987.Thisyear,specialattentionisbeinggiventotheharmfuleffectsoftobaccomarketingtowomenandgirls.
TheWHOsaysthetobaccoindustryhasincreasinglydirecteditsmarketingcampaignsatwomenandgirls.Studyshowsthatwomencurrentlyrepresentabouttwentypercentofsmokerswhiletobaccouseamonggirlsisincreasing.Datacollectedfrom151countriesshowthataboutsevenpercentofyounggirlsnowsmoke.Thatcompareswithtwelvepercentofboys.Insomecountries,however,theratesarealmostequal.
Almost170countrieshavesignedanagreementcalledtheFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControlwhichcallsonthosegovernmentstobantobaccoadvertisingtothefullesttoprotectwomen.Theagreementseekstoreducethedemandandsupplyoftobaccoproducts.Thisyearmarksthefifthanniversarysincethetreatywentintoeffect.Uptonow,eightypercentofthesignershavebannedthesaleoftobaccoproductstoyoungpeople.Seventypercenthaverequiredhealthwarningsontobaccoproducts.
EventsareplannedinanumberofcountriestomarkWorldNoTobaccoDay.Manyoftheeventsareaimedatpersuadingpeople,especiallytheyoung,nottostartsmoking.Othersaimtoeducatepeopleaboutthemanyhealthbenefitsofgivingupsmoking.
TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaystobaccokillsnearlyfiveandahalfmillionpeopleayearandhasbecomeatopcauseofdeathworldwide.Itisestimatedthatsofarintheworldonebillionpeoplesmoke.Morethaneightypercentoftobaccousersliveinlowandmiddleincomecountries.TheWHOestimatesthattobaccousecausedonehundredmilliondeathsinthetwentiethcentury.Ifcurrentratescontinue,thatnumbercouldreachonebillioninthiscentury.
28.ThefollowingaboutWorldNoTobaccoDayistrueexcept.
A.itwasstartedbytheWorldHealthAssemblyB.itiscelebratedinMayeveryotheryear
C.itwarnspeopleofthedangersofsmokingD.itismeanttoprotectwomenandgirlsthisyear
29.AccordingtoWHO,tobaccoindustryistoblamebecause.
A.ithasmanagedtoincreasesalesoftobaccoamongwomenandgirls
B.ithashiredmorewomenandgirlstohelpwiththeadvertisement
C.itsellsitstobaccoatalowerpricetowomenandgirls
D.itonlycollectsdatafrommorethan151countries
30.FrameworkConventionismadeto.
A.increasetobaccoproductionB.improvethewayoftobaccoadvertising
C.protectwomenfromthedangersofsmokingD.estimatethedemandoftobaccoproducts
31.Whathashappenedfiveyearsaftertheagreementcameintobeing?
A.Thesaleoftobaccototheyoungisbannedinmostofthesigners.
B.Eightypercentofthesignershaveprintedwarningsontobaccoproducts.
C.Seventypercentofthesignersarepersuadingoldpeoplenottostartsmoking.
D.Fewsignershavetoldpeopletheadvantageofgivingupsmoking.
三、(湖北省龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中2021届高三联考)
Machinesmightonedayreplacehumanlaborersinanumberofprofessions,butsurelytheywon’teverreplacehumanartists.Right?
Thinkagain.Notevenourartistswillbesafefromtheinevitablemachinetakeover,ifanewdevelopmentinartificialintelligence(AI)byateamofresearchersfromRutgersUniversityandFacebook’sAIlaboffersaclueofwhat’stocome.TheyhavedesignedanAIcapableofnotonlyproducingart,butactuallyinventingwholenewaesthetic(美学的)stylessimilartomovementslikeimpressionismorabstractexpressionism.Theidea,accordingtoresearcherMarianMazzone,wastomakeartthatis“novel,butnottoonovel”.
Themodelusedinthisprojectinvolvesageneratornetwork,whichproducestheimages,andadiscriminatornetwork,which“judges”whetherit’sart.Oncethegeneratorlearnshowtoproduceworkthatthedistributorrecognizesasart,it’sgivenanadditionalinstruction:
toproduceartthatdoesn’tmatchanyknownaestheticstyles.
“Youwanttohavesomethingreallycreativeandstriking—butatthesametimenottogotoofarandmakesomethingthatisn’taestheticallypleasing,”explainedAhmedElgammal.
Theartthatwasgeneratedbythesystemwasthenpresentedtohumanjudgesalongsidehuman-producedartwithoutshowingwhichwaswhich.Totheresearchers’surprise,themachine-madeartscoredslightlyhigheroverallthanthehuman-producedart.
Ofcourse,machinescan’tyetreplacethemeaningconveyedinworksbyhumanartists,butthisprojectshowsthatartistskillsetscertainlyseemreproduciblebymachines.
Whatwillittakeformachinestoproducecontentwithmeaning?
ThatmightbethelastAIfrontier.Humanartistscanatleasthangtheirhatsinthatfieldfornow.
“Imaginehavingpeopleoverforadinnerpartyandtheyask,‘Whoisthatby?
’Andyousay,‘Well,it’samachineactually.’Thatwouldbeaninterestingconversationstarter,”saidKevinWalker.
32.Whatisimpliedinthesecondparagraph?
A.Artistswon’tbereplacedbyAI.B.AIcanproducenewstylesofart.
C.AIistotallyatalossaboutimpressionism.D.AIfailstoreflectabstractexpressionism.
33.WhatdidMarianfindinhisstudy?
A.AIcanpleasehumanjudgeswithitsart.B.AIcancombinecontentwithmeaning.
C.AIcanmakeartaestheticallyunpleasant.D.AIcancreatehighqualityarts.
34.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hangtheirhats”mean?
A.Discover.B.Hold.C.Struggle.D.Appear.
35.WhatKevinsaidinthelastparagraphtellsusthat.
A.sheusesmachinestocookforapartyB.shelikestojoininadinnerparty
C.sheexpectsthearrivalofAID.shecaresaboutthestarterofachat
四、(湖北省龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中2021届高三联考)
Ifyouarecrazyaboutpaintings,youshouldn’tmissthefollowingfourfamousmasterpieceswhichhavestoodthetestoftime.
TheArnolfiniPortrait
JanvanEyck’sArnolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434,inwhichamanandawomanholdhandswithawindowbehindhimandabedbehindher,isundoubtedlyoneofthemasterpiecesintheNationalGallery,London.Thispaintingisasvisuallyinterestingasitisfamed.Itisalsoaninformativedocumentonfifteenth-centurysociety,throughJanvanEyck’sheavyuseofsymbolism—whilehusbandswentouttoengageinbusiness,wivesconcernedthemselveswithdomesticduties.
TheStarryNight
VincentvanGoghpaintedTheStarryNight,oiloncanvas(帆布),amoderatelyabstractlandscapepaintingofanexpressivenightskyoverasmallhillsidevillage,duringhis12-monthstayatthe