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九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。
actionmovie-actionmovies,penpal-penpals;
但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。
mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。
fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸,卷子,论文,work工作works作品,工厂,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,people人peoples民族,time时间times时代,次数,chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡
十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。
Is(I’s),Ks(K’s)。
但如是缩略词则只加s。
IDs,VCDs,SARs
十二)特殊形式的有:
child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen
B)名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。
构成如下:
一)单数在后面加’s。
brother’s,Mike’s,teacher’s
二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。
Teachers’Day教师节,classmates’;
Children’sDay六一节,Women’sDay三八节
三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。
MikeandBen’sroom迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’sandBen’srooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
2、代词
项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词
人称主格宾格形容词名词性
第一人称单数Imemyminemyself
复数weusouroursourselves
第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself
复数youyouyouryoursyourselves
第三人称单数sheherherhersherself
hehimhishishimself
itititsitsthisthatitself
复数theythemtheirtheirsthesethosethemselves
3、动词
A)第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:
一)一般在词后加s。
comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains
二)在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。
watches,washes,wishes,finishes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。
study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries
plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys
四)以o结尾加es。
does,goes
五)特殊的有:
are-is,have-has
B)现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。
spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing
二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。
dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having
三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show–showing,draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。
put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning
四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。
tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。
一)一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。
greater-greatest,shorter–shortest,taller–tallest,longer–longest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest
二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewerfewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est。
big-biggerbiggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotterhottest
三)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。
happy-happierhappiest,sorry-sorriersorriest,friendly-friendlierfriendliest(morefriendlymostfriendly),busy-busierbusiest,easy-easiereasiest
四)特殊情况:
(两好多坏,一少老远)
good/well-betterbestmany/much-moremostbad/ill–worseworst
little-lessleastold-older/elderoldest/eldestfar-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest
5、数词(基变序,有规则;
一、二、三,自己背;
五、八、九、十二;
其它后接th;
y结尾,变为i,eth跟上去。
)first,second,third;
fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;
seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;
twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth
二、初一英语语法——句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句a)Thisisabook.(be动词)
b)Helooksveryyoung.(连系动词)
c)Iwantasweatlikethis.(实义动词)
d)Icanbringsomethingstoschool.(情态动词)
e)There’sacomputeronmydesk.(Therebe结构)
否定陈述句a)Thesearen’ttheirbooks.b)Theydon’tlooknice.
c)Katedoesn’tgotoNo.4MiddleSchool.d)Katecan’tfindherdoll.
e)Thereisn’tacathere.(=There’snocathere.)
2.祈使句
肯定祈使句a)Pleasegoandasktheman.b)Let’slearnEnglish!
c)Comein,please.
否定祈使句a)Don’tbelate.b)Don’thurry.
3.疑问句
1)一般疑问句a)IsJimastudent?
b)CanIhelpyou?
c)Doesshelikesalad?
d)DotheywatchTV?
e)Isshereading?
肯定回答:
a)Yes,heis.b)Yes,youcan.c)Yes,shedoes.d)Yes,theydo.e)Yes,sheis.
否定回答:
a)No,heisn’t.b)No,youcan’t.c)No,shedoesn’t.d)No,theydon’t.e)No,sheisn’t.
2)选择疑问句Isthetablebigorsmall?
回答It’sbig./It’ssmall.
3)特殊疑问句
①问年龄HowoldisLucy?
Sheistwelve.
②问种类Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?
Ilikeactionmoviesandcomedies.
③问身体状况Howisyouruncle?
Heiswell/fine.
④问方式Howdo/canyouspellit?
L-doubleO-K.
Howdowecontactyou?
Mye-mailaddressiscindyjones@.
⑤问原因Whydoyouwanttojointheclub?
⑥问时间What’sthetime?
(=Whattimeisit?
)It’saquartertotena.m..
Whattimedoyouusuallygetup,Rick?
Atfiveo’clock.
Whendoyouwanttogo?
Let’sgoat7:
00.
⑦问地方Where’smybackpack?
It’sunderthetable.
⑧问颜色Whatcolorarethey?
Theyarelightblue.
What’syourfavouritecolor?
It’sblack.
⑨问人物Who’sthat?
It’smysister.
Whoistheboyinblue?
Mybrother.
Whoisn’tatschool?
PeterandEmma.
WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?
⑩问东西What’sthis/that(inEnglish)?
It’sapencilcase.
Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?
Icanseesomebroccoli,strawberriesandhamburgers.
11问姓名What’syouraunt’sname?
HernameisHelen./She’sHelen.
What’syourfirstname?
Myfirstname’sBen.
What’syourfamilyname?
Myfamilyname’sSmith.
12问哪一个Whichdoyoulike?
Ilikeoneinthebox.
13问字母Whatletterisit?
It’sbigD/smallf.
14问价格Howmucharethesepants?
They’re15dollars.
15问电话号码What’syourphonenumber?
It’s576-8349.
16问谓语(动作)What’shedoing?
He’swatchingTV.
17问职业(身份)Whatdoyoudo?
I’mateacher.
What’syourfather?
He’sadoctor.
三、初一英语语法——时态
1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:
Be动词:
She’saworker.Issheaworker?
Sheisn’taworker.
情态动词:
Icanplaythepiano.Canyouplaythepiano?
Ican’tplaythepiano.
行为动词:
Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.Dotheywanttoeatanytomatoes?
Theydon’twanttoeatanytomatoes.
Ginahasanicewatch.DoesGinahaveanicewatch?
Ginadoesn’thaveawatch.
2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sbbev-ingsth+其它.
I’mplayingbaseball.Areyouplayingbaseball?
I’mnotplayingbaseball.
Nancyiswritingaletter.IsNancywritingaletter?
Nancyisn’twritingaletter.
They’relisteningtothepopmusic.Aretheylisteningthepopmusic?
Theyaren’tlisteningtothepopmusic.
英语作文常用句型介绍
英语作文常用句型是学生在英语作为写作中非常重要的一个考察方面,在学生掌握了一定的词汇后,一篇好的英语作文,必须有着很多恰当的句法的配合,才能让作文生动、富有感情,才是一篇活的作文,所以总结出一些英语作文常用的举行和语法,供学生参考,
常用于引言段的句型
1.Somepeoplethinkthat….Tobefrank,Icannotagreewiththeiropinionforthereasonsbelow.
2.Foryears,…hasbeenseenas…,butthingsarequitedifferentnow.
3.Ibelievethetitlestatementisvalidbecause….
4.Icannotentirelyagreewiththeideathat….Ibelieve….
5.Myargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.
6.Alongwiththedevelopmentof…,moreandmore….
7.Thereisalong-runningdebateastowhether….
8.Itiscommonly/generally/widely/believed/held/accepted/recognizedthat….
9.AsfarasIamconcerned,Icompletelyagreewiththeformer/thelatter.
10.Beforegivingmyopinion,Ithinkitisessentialtolookattheargumentofbothsides.
常用于正文段的句型
一、表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
1.Aiscompletely/totally/entirelydifferentfromB.
2.AandBaredifferentinsome/everyway/respect/aspect.
3.AandBdifferin….
4.AdiffersfromBin….
5.ThedifferencebetweenAandBis/liesin/existsin….
6.Comparedwith/Incontrastto/UnlikeA,B….
7.A…,ontheotherhand,/incontrast,/while/whereasB….
8.WhileitisgenerallybelievedthatA…,IbelieveB….
9.Despitetheirsimilarities,AandBarealsodifferent.
10.BothAandB….However,A…;
ontheotherhand,B….
11.ThemoststrikingdifferenceisthatA…,whileB….
二、演绎法常用的句型
1.Thereareseveralreasonsfor…,butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.
2.Therearemanyfactorsthatmayaccountfor…,butthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.
3.Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.
4.Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.
5.Thereasonsareasfollows.
三、因果推理法常用句型
1.Because/Sincewereadthebook,wehavelearnedalot.
2.Ifwereadthebook,wewouldlearnalot.
3.Wereadthebook;
asaresult/therefore/thus/hence/consequently/forthisreason/becauseofthis,we’velearnedalot.
4.Asaresultof/Becauseof/Dueto/Owingtoreadingthebook,we’velearnedalot.
5.Thecauseof/reasonfor/overweightiseatingtoomuch.
6.Overweightiscausedby/dueto/becauseofeatingtoomuch.
7.Theeffect/consequence/resultofeatingtoomuchisoverweight.
8.Eatingtoomuchcauses/resultsin/leadstooverweight.
四、举例法常用句型
1.Hereisonemoreexample.
2.Take…forexample.
3.Thesameistrueof….
4.Thisoffersatypicalinstanceof….
5.Wemayquoteacommonexampleof….
6.Justthinkof….
常用于结尾段的句型
一、对全文进行归纳总结的句型
1.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat….
2.Takingintoaccountallthefactors,wemaysafelycometotheconclusionthat….
3.Judgingfromalltheevidenceoffered,wemaysafelyarriveat/reachtheconclusionthat….
4.Alltheevidencesupportsasoundconclusionthat…
5.Fromwhatismentionedabove,wemaycometotheconclusionthat…
6.Tosumup/drawaconclusion,wefindthat….
7.Inshort/brief/aword/conclusion/sum/,itis….
8.
Therefor