简单句的六种基本结构.docx

简单句的六种基本结构.docx

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简单句的六种基本结构

简单句的六种基本结构

⏹主语＋不及物动词

⏹主语＋系动词＋表语

⏹主语＋及物动词＋宾语

⏹主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

⏹主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语

⏹Therebe＋主语句型

例如

•Thisknifecutswell.

•Sheseemsquitesatisfied.

•Haveyoufixedmywatchyet?

•Heowedme50yuan.

•XiaoLiishelpingmemendmybicycle.

•Therestandsanoldtowerintheeastofthetown.

翻译下列句子

⏹高考前同学们常常学习到深夜.

⏹我等你等了很久了.

⏹玻璃很容易碎.

⏹她听了这消息好象很平静.

⏹他太累了,刚躺下就睡着了.

⏹这家工厂没周生产一千辆小汽车.

⏹请你把那本书递给我好吗?

⏹我去找个人来帮你修理电脑.

⏹我们感到我们的心在激烈的跳动.

⏹有很多中国学生在国外留学.

Keys

⏹Studentsoftenworkdeepintonightbeforetheentranceexam.

⏹Ihavebeenwaitingforyouforalongtime.

⏹Glassbreakseasily.

⏹Sheappearedquitecalmatthenews.

⏹Hewassotiredthathefellasleepthemomenthewenttobed.

Keys

⏹Thisfactoryproduces1,000carsaweek.

⏹Willyoupleasepassmethebook?

⏹I’llgetsomeonetorepairthecomputer.

⏹Wecouldfeelourheartsbeatingfast.

⏹TherearemanyChinesestudentsstudyingabroad.

简单句的种类

⏹根据使用目的,句子可分为:

⏹陈述句

⏹疑问句

⏹祁使句

⏹感叹句

陈述句

要特别注意陈述句的否定结构

1.否定转移:

主句谓语动词是think,expect,believe,suppose,guess,imagine等表“认为,猜想”的动词时,宾语从句的否定习惯上前移到主句谓语上.

eg.Idon’tthinkIknowyou.

Shedoesn’tbelieveyouarewrong.

注意:

hope不在此列.

误:

Idon’thopeitwillrain.

正:

Ihopeitwon’train.

not…until的句型

非强调句型:

Idon’tknowhisnameuntilyesterday.

强调句型:

ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatIknewhisname.

倒装句:

NotuntilyesterdaydidIknowhisname.

有时对状语的否定也移到谓语上.

翻译:

我今天觉得不舒服.

误:

I’mfeelingnotwelltoday.

正:

I’mnotfeelingwelltoday.

2.含有否定意义的副词

句中含有never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,rarely,barely时,应视为否定句.

Icouldhardlyseeanything.

Herarelycomestoseeme.

有些句子在结构上属于肯定式,但含有否定意义的词

⏹NoneofushasbeentoBeijing.（否定的主语）

⏹Isawnothinginthedarkness.（否定的宾语）

⏹Hebeggedtheteachernottopunishhim.（否定的宾补）

⏹Wecouldfindhernowhere.（否定的状语）

3.部分否定

⏹all,both,either,every,everybody,everyday,everywhere,always与not连用时,表示部分否定.

⏹表示全部否定要用no,neither,none,nobody,nothing,never,nowhere等词.

肯定:

Alltheantsgooutforfood.

⏹部分否定:

Notalltheantsgooutforfood.或:

Alltheantsdon’tgooutforfood.

⏹全部否定:

Noneoftheantsgooutforfood.或:

Notanyoftheantsgooutforfood.

4.双重否定

without与not,noone,nobody,never,cannot等否定词连用,意为‘无（没有）…不’,‘每…必’.

Noonecanseethefilmwithoutbeingmovedtotears.人们看了这部电影无不为之感动得流泪.

Theynevermeetwithoutquarrelling.他们每次见面必要吵架.

其他双重否定结构

Heisnotunfitforhisjob.他不是不称职.

ThereisnobobyherewhoisnotaLeaguemember.这里人人都是团员.

Onecan’tlearnaforeignlanguageunlesshestudieshard.除非用功,否则学不好外语.

Hecouldn’thelplaughing.他禁不住大笑起来.

5.强调肯定意义的否定结构

⏹这些结构有cannot…too（over,enough,more）

⏹Youcannotbetoocareful.或Youcannotbeovercareful.Youcannotbecarefulenough.

⏹Wecannotpraisehimtoomuch.

⏹---Howareyoutoday?

---Couldn’tbebetter.

⏹Icouldn’tagreewithyoumore.

6.具有否定意义的肯定结构

⏹Heistooyoungtogotoschool.

⏹Theproblemisfarfrombeingsettled.

⏹ItisthelastthingIwanttodo.

⏹Suchaproblemisbeyond（above）me.

⏹Ifailedtounderstandthemeaningofthesentence.

⏹IthasbeentwomonthssinceIsmoked.

疑问句

⏹一般疑问句

⏹特殊疑问句

⏹选择疑问句

⏹反意疑问句

特殊的反意疑问句结构

1.Onecan’tbetoosure,__________?

2.Tomseldomgoestothecinema,_______?

3.Themanisunfitforhisjob,__________?

4.Everyoneknowsme,____________?

5.Noonewashurtintheaccident,_________?

6.Idon’tthinkhecanspeakJapanese,_________?

7.Youdon’tbelieveshewillcome,___________?

8.Whatyouneedismorepractice,___________?

1.Onecan’tbetoosure,canone/he?

2.Tomseldomgoestothecinema,doeshe?

3.Themanisunfitforhisjob,isn’the?

4.Everyoneknowsme,doesn’the/don’tthey?

5.Noonewashurtintheaccident,werethey?

6.Idon’tthinkhecanspeakJapanese,canhe?

7.Youdon’tbelieveshewillcome,doyou?

8.Whatyouneedismorepractice,isn’tit?

9.Youneedn’tdothatwhenyourmotherishere,__________?

10.Heisadoctorbuthiswifeisateacher,___________?

11.Pleaseopenthewindow,___________?

12.Let’stoforawalk,___________?

13.Letusknowifyoucangowithus,_________?

14.Letmehaveanothertry,__________?

15.Letmehelpyou,_____________?

16.Iwishtogohome,___________?

9.Youneedn’tdothatwhenyourmotherishere,needyou?

10.Heisadoctorbuthiswifeisateacher,isn’tshe?

11.Pleaseopenthewindow,will/wouldyou?

12.Let’sgoforawalk,shallwe?

13.Letusknowifyoucangowithus,willyou?

14.Letmehaveanothertry,willyou?

15.Letmehelpyou,mayI?

16.Iwishtogohome,mayI?

17.Yourfathermustbeadoctor,_______?

18.Youmustgohomerightnow,______?

19.Youmustn’tsmokehere,_________?

20.Youmusthavemetheryesterday,_______?

21.Youmusthaveseenthefilmmanytimes,____________?

陈述部分用SO开头,附加部分