英语英语阅读理解提高训练及解析Word格式.docx

英语英语阅读理解提高训练及解析Word格式.docx

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internetofthings"

-notjusttheinternet-enabledfridgethatcanreorderyourmilkforyou,butthenetworkthatwillenabledriverlesscarsanddeliverydrones（无人机）tocommunicatewitheachother.

ProfWilliamWebbhaswarnedthatthetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'

snewclothes.Muchofthespeedincrease,heclaims,couldhavebeenachievedbyputtingmoremoneyinthe4Gnetwork,ratherthananewtechnology. 

OtherdifferentvoiceshavesuggestedthatafocusonrollingoutwiderruralbroadbandaccessandaddressingcurrentnetworkcoveragewouldbemorebeneficialtotheUKasawhole.

Obviously,5Gwillalsobringacosttoconsumers.Itrequiresahandsetforboth5Gand4G,andthefirst5G-enabledsmartphonesareexpectedinthecomingyear.Withtheslowpaceofnetworkrolloutsofar,itislikelythatconsumerswillendupupgradingtoanew5Gphonewellbefore5Gbecomeswidelyavailableinthenextcoupleofyears.

（1）WhydoesProfWilliamWebbsay"

thetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'

snewclothes"

?

A. 

Heisinfavoroftheapplicationofthenewtechnology.

B. 

5Gwillbringacosttoconsumersintheirdailylife.

C. 

5Ghelpspeoplecommunicatebetterwitheachother.

D. 

Heprefersmoremoneytobespenton4Gnetworks.

（2）Theunderlinedword"

addressing"

inthefourthparagraphhastheclosestmeaningto________.

makingaspeechto 

tryingtosolve 

managingtodecrease 

respondingto

（3）Thelastparagraphindicatesthat 

.

it'

lltakeseveralyears.tomake5GaccessibletothepublicintheUK

5Gserviceshowshugedevelopmentpotentialandabroadmarket

customersareeagertouse5Gsmartphonesinsteadof4Gones

sprobablethat5GnetworkrolloutisspeedingupinBritain

（4）Whatdoweknowaboutthetext?

Vodafoneissuccessfulinspreadingthe5Gservice.

StephHoughtonappearedasahologramby4G.

Theapplicationof5Gwillmakelifemucheasier.

5GphonesareavailableinruralareasoftheUK.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

文章讲述的是4G向5G的转变。

5G会给人们带来更多的好处，使人们的生活更加舒适。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第四段中ProfWilliamWebbhaswarnedthatthetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'

snewclothes.Muchofthespeedincrease,heclaims,couldhavebeenachievedbyputtingmoremoneyinthe4Gnetwork,ratherthananewtechnology.可知，ProfWilliamWebb说“这项技术可能是皇帝新衣的一个例子”是因为他更愿意把更多的钱花在4G网络上。

故选D。

（2）词义猜测题。

根据第四段中OtherdifferentvoiceshavesuggestedthatafocusonrollingoutwiderruralbroadbandaccessandaddressingcurrentnetworkcoveragewouldbemorebeneficialtotheUKasawhole.“其他不同的声音表示，集中精力推广更广泛的农村宽带接入，解决目前的网络覆盖问题，将对整个英国更有利。

”由此推知划线词的意思是“试图解决”。

故选B。

（3）推理判断题。

根据最后一段Withtheslowpaceofnetworkrolloutsofar,itislikelythatconsumerswillendupupgradingtoanew5Gphonewellbefore5Gbecomeswidelyavailableinthenextcoupleofyears.可知，最后一段指出，让5G在英国向公众开放需要几年的时间。

故选A。

（4）推理判断题。

根据第二段中5Gwillofferfasterinternetaccess,withOfcom（英国通讯管理局）suggestingthatvideothattakesaminutetodownloadon4Gwillbeavailableinjustasecond.可知，5G的应用将使生活变得更容易。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：

段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

WhatCocktailPartiesTeachUs

You'

reataparty.Musicisplaying.Glassesareclinking.Dozensofconversationsaredrivingupthedecibel（分贝）level.Yetamongallthosedistractions,youcantuneyourattentiontojustonevoicefrommany.Thisabilityiswhatresearcherscallthe“cocktail-partyeffect”.

ScientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscohavefoundwherethatsound-editingprocessoccursinthebrain—intheauditorycortex（听觉皮层）justbehindtheear,notinareasofhigherthought.Theauditorycortexboostssomesoundsandturnsdownotherssothatwhenthesignalreachesthehigherbrain,“it'

sasifonlyonepersonwasspeakingalone,”saysinvestigatorEdwardChang.

Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalNaturelastweek,explainwhypeoplearen'

tverygoodatmultitasking—ourbrainsarewiredfor“selectiveattention”andcanfocusononlyonethingatatime.Thatinbornabilityhashelpedhumanssurviveinaworldbuzzingwithvisualandauditorystimulation（刺激）.Butwekeeptryingtopushthelimitswithmultitasking,sometimeswithtragic（悲剧的）consequences.Driverstalkingoncellphones,forexample,arefourtimesaslikelytogetintotrafficaccidentsasthosewhoaren'

t.

Manyofthoseaccidentsaredueto“inattentionalblindness”,inwhichpeoplecan,ineffect,turnablindeyetothingstheyaren'

tfocusingon.Themoreattentionataskdemands,thelessattentionwecanpaytootherthingsinourfieldofvision.Imageslandonourretinas（视网膜）andareeitherboostedorplayeddowninthevisualcortexbeforebeingpassedtothebrain,justastheauditorycortexfilterssounds,asshownintheNaturestudylastweek.“It'

sapush-pullrelationship—themorewefocusononething,thelesswecanfocusonothers,”saysDianeM.Beck,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinois.

StudiesoverthepastdecadeattheUniversityofUtahshowthatdriverstalkingonhands-freecellphonesarejustasinfluencedasthoseonhands-heldphonesbecauseitistheconversation,notthedevice,thatisdistractingtheirattention.Thosetalkingonanykindofcellphonereactmoreslowlyandmissmoretrafficsignalsthanothermotorists.

Somepeoplecantrainthemselvestopayextraattentiontothingsthatareimportant—likepoliceofficerslearntoscancrowdsforfacesandconductorscanlistenforindividualinstrumentswithintheorchestraasawhole.Manymorethinktheycaneffectivelymultitask,butareactuallyshiftingtheirattentionrapidlybetweentwothingsandnotgettingthefulleffectofeither,expertssay.

（1）WhathavescientistsinUniversityofCaliforniafoundabout“thecocktail-partyeffect”?

Usuallythereisonlyonepersonwhoisspeakingalone. 

Allkindsofannoyingsoundsdriveupthedecibellevel.

Thehigherbrainprocessessoundsandimagesselectively. 

Soundsaresortedoutbeforereachingthehigherbrain.

（2）Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?

Wearebiologicallyincapableofmultitasking. 

Wesurvivedistractionsinlifebymultitasking.

Wecannotmultitaskwithoutextraattention. 

Webenefitfrompushingthelimitwithmultitasking.

（3）Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"

inattentionalblindness"

Acarelessdriverlosthiseyesightafteracaraccident. 

Policescannedthecrowdsandlocatedthecriminal.

Amanagertalkedonahands-freephonewithhisclient. 

Apedestrianhadacaraccidentbecauseofphubbing（低头）.

（4）Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.

compareandcontrast 

informandexplain

argueanddiscuss 

examineandevaluate

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是“鸡尾酒会效应”的启示。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“ScientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscohavefoundwherethatsound-editingprocessoccursinthebrain—intheauditorycortex（听觉皮层）justbehindtheear,notinareasofhigherthought.”现在，加州大学旧金山分校（UniversityofCaliforniainSanFrancisco）的科学家找到了这种声音编辑过程在大脑中发生的位置──在耳朵后面的听觉皮层，而不是大脑的高级思维区域。

可知，在到达更高的大脑之前，声音已经被整理出来了，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalNaturelastweek,explainwhypeoplearen'

tverygoodatmultitasking-ourbrainsarewiredfor‘selectiveattention’andcanfocusononlyonethingatatime.”这些上月发布在《自然》期刊上的研究结果强调了为何人们不是很擅长处理多任务──我们的大脑有“选择性注意”机制，一次只能专注于一件事。

可知，我们在生理上无法同时处理多项任务。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Manyofthoseaccidentsaredueto‘inattentionalblindness’,inwhichpeoplecan,ineffect,turnablindeyetothingstheyaren'

tfocusingon.”可知，D项Apedestrianhadacaraccidentbecauseofphubbing.“一个行人因低头族而发生车祸。

”是一个“inattentionalblindness”的例子。

（4）考查目的意图。

根据最后一段中的“Somepeoplecantrainthemselvestopayextraattentiontothingsthatareimportant—likepoliceofficerslearntoscancrowdsforfacesandconductorscanlistenforindividualinstrumentswithintheorchestraasawhole.Manymorethinktheycaneffectivelymultitask,butareactuallyshiftingtheirattentionrapidlybetweentwothingsandnotgettingthefulleffectofeither,expertssay.”有人可以训练自己对重要的事情付出格外的注意力──就像警察学习扫描人群的面孔，以及乐团指挥可以在整个乐团中听到每件乐器的声音。

专家说，更多的人则是自以为可以有效地处理多任务，但他们其实是在两件事之间迅速转移注意力，而并没有全身心地投入到其中任何一件事中。

可知本文的目的是“检查和评估”，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和目标意图三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行讨论推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Oilisessentialformodernlife.About64percentoftheworld'

soilislocatedintheMiddleEast,buttheheaviestconsumersofoilareEurope,