顾红霞U2B2 0505.docx

顾红霞U2B2 0505.docx

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顾红霞U2B20505

PracticalCollegeEnglish

LongReadingComprehension

BookTwoUnitTwo

PassageA

ShouldTeachersBeRewarded?

A.Weneverforgettheeducatorswhoopeneddoorsandalteredthecourseofourlives.Itwouldbewonderfulifweknewmoreaboutsuchtalentedteachers.Howdotheycomebytheirskill?

Whatqualitiesandpowerdotheyhave?

Cantheseabilitiesbemeasured?

Perhapsaboveall:

Howshouldgoodteachingberewardedtotheteacherswhoarethemostcompetentandcaring？

Theyarethepeoplewhoremaininajobknownforlowpayandlowstatus.

B.SuchquestionshavebecomedecisivetothefutureofpubliceducationintheUnitedStates,thenationfacesashortageofteachingtalent.About3.2millionpeopleteachinU.S.publicschools,but,accordingtoareportmadebyeconomistWilliamHussar,thenationwillneedtoemploy2.8millionpeopleoverthenexteightyears.Findingandkeepinghigh-qualityteachersarekeytoAmerica’spowerasanation.RecenttestthatresultsshowU.S.10th-gradersrankedjust17thamong30nationsinscience,whileinmaththeyplacedinthebottomfive.Researchsuggeststhatagoodteacheristhesinglekeyfactorinboostingperformance,moreimportantthanclasssize,thedollarsspentperstudentorthequalityoftextbooksandmaterials.

C.Acrossthecountry,hundredsofschooldistrictsareexperimentingwithnewwaystoattractgoodteachers.Manyoftheseeffortsborrowideasfrombusiness.Theyincludesigningbonusesforhard-to-fillteachers’jobsliketeachinghighschoolchemistry,housingcostandcombatpayforteachers.Buttheideagainingthemostmotive—andcontroversy—ismeritpay,whichattemptstomeasurethequalityofteachers’workandpayteachersaccordingly.

D.Traditionally,public-schoolsalariesarebasedonyearsspentonasystemchosenbyunionsbecauseittreatsallteachersequally.Ofcourse,everyoneknowsthefactthatnotallteachersareequal.Justwitnesshowhardparentstrytogettheirkidsintothebestclassrooms.Andyetthereisnouniversallyacceptedwaytomeasureability,muchlessthegreatcharmofatrulybrillianteducator.Initsabsence,policy-makershavefocusedonstudenttestscores.Indistrictsacrossthecountry,organizersareplanningsystemsthattrackstudentscoresbacktotheteachers,thetheorygoes,willincreasetheallqualityofinstruction,retainthosewhogetthejobdoneandattractmorehighlyqualifiedseekerstotheprofession--allwhileliftingthoseall-importanttestscores.

E.Effortshavebeenencouragedbythegovernment.In2006,Bushstartedaprogramthatoffers$99millionayearingrantstodistrictsthatlinkteachercompensationtoraisingstudenttestscores.MeritpayhasalsobecomepartofthedebateinCongressoverhowtoincreasethe2001NoChildLeftBehindAct有教无类法案.Lastsummer,BarackObamasignedformeritpayatthenation’slargestteachers’unionmeeting,solongasthemeasureofmeritisdevelopedwithteachers,notimposedonthemandnotbasedonsometestscore.HillaryClintonsaysshedoesadvocateact-basedpayonaschoolbasis.

F.It’shardtoargueagainstthenotionofrewardingthebestteachersfordoingagoodjob.ButmeritpayhasalonghistoryintheUnitedStates,andnewprogramshavealreadyhadanoppositeeffectinFloridaandHouston.Theprogramistopayteachersaccordingtotestscores.Whatholdsmorehopeisbroadereffortstochangetheprofessionbycombiningmeritpaywithmorechancesforprofessionaltrainingandsupport,thoughtfulassessmentsofhowteachersdotheirjobsandnewcareerpathsfortopteachers.

G.Tobusiness-mindedpeople,there’sarightsolutiontotheproblemsofteacherqualityandteacherturnover.Offeringteachersbetterpaymentforstudents’betterperformanceisasolution.Thechallengeisdecidingwhodeservestheextracash.Merit-paymovementsinthe1920s,’50sand’80sturnedtofailurejustbecauseofthatquestion,astheperceptiongrewthatbonuseswereawardedtoprincipals’pets：

chargesofunfairness,alongwithunreliablefundingandunionopposition.

H.Butinanerawhenstatesaretestingallstudentseachyear,there’sanew,objectivewindowontohowwellateacherdoesherjob.In1982.UniversityofTennesseestatistician统计学家Sandersseizedtheideaofusingstudenttestdatatoassessteacherperformance.Workingwithbasic-schoolresultsinTennessee,hedevisedawaytocalculateanindividualteacher’scontributiontostudentprogress.Mainly,hismethodisthis:

hetakesthreeormoreyearsofstudenttestresults,projectsatrajectory轨迹foreachstudentbasedonpastperformanceandthenlooksatwhether,thestudentsinagiventeacher’sclasstendedtostayoncourse,soarabovestronghopesorfallshort.Sandersusesstatisticalmethodstoadjustforflawsandgapsinthedata.

I.Sandersplannedhismethodasamanagementtoolforadministrators,notnecessarilyasabasisforactionpay.Butincreasingly,tha’swhatitisusedfor.TodayheheadsagroupattheNorthCarolina-basedsoftwarefirmSAS,whichperformsvalue-addedanalysisforNorthCarolina,etc.anddistrictsinabout15otherstates.Mostuseittomeasureschoolperformance,butsomearebeginningtousevalue-addedcalculationstodeterminebonusesforindividualteachers.

Wordcount:

886

Requiredreadingrate:

85words/min

Yourreadingtimeused:

´´´

ReadingComprehension

Directions:

Inthissection,youarerequiredtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletterinthespaceprovided.Thendiscussyouranswerswithyourpartner.

_____1.Thenationwillneedtosignup2.8millionpeopleoverthenexteightyears.

_____2.NewprogramshavealreadyhadaharmfuleffectinFloridaandHouston.

_____3.Withoutit,policy-makershavefocusedonstudenttestscores.

_____4.Sandersseizedtheideaofusingstudenttestdatatocheckteacherperformance.

_____5.Thechallengeisdecidingwhodeservestheextramoney.

_____6.Hundredsofschooldistrictsareexperimentingwithnewwaystoattractgoodteachers.

_____7.Wewillremembertheeducatorswhoopeneddoorsandalteredthecourseofourlives.

_____8.BarackObamasignedformeritpayatthenation’slargestteachers’unionmeeting.

_____9.Obviously,everyoneknowsthefactthatnotallteachersareequal.

_____10.SASperformsvalue-addedanalysisforNorthCarolina,etc.

ReadingSkills

I.VocabularyinContext

Eachoftheitemsbelowincludesawordorphrasethathasthebestmeaningforeachitalicizedword.Choosetheletterofthemeaningoftheitalicizedword.Notethatthefirstfoursentencesaretakenfromthepassage.Thencheckyourchoiceswithyourpartner.

1.Theteacherswhoarethemostcompetentandcaringshouldberewarded.

A.decisiveB.brilliantC.capable

2.Thebestteachersremaininajobknownforlowpayandlowstatus.

A.positionB.powerC.quality

3.Theyincludesigningbonusesforhard-to-filljobsliketeachinghighschoolchemistry.

A.salariesB.rewardsC.payments

4.Agoodteacheristhesinglekeyfactorinboostingperformance.

A.trainingB.liftingC.enhancing

5.Theproposedtaxcutshavecausedconsiderable controversy.

A.assessmentB.disagreementC.calculation

6.Hereceivedoneyear’ssalaryascompensationforlossofoffice.

A.paymentB.solutionC.contribution

7.Thelocalgovernmentdoesnot advocate theuseofviolenceinthisissue.

A.argueB.supportC.measure

8.Some governments help women combine career and family.

A.putforthB.putuponC.puttogether

II.MainIdea

GeneralPointVersusSpecificSupport

ADirections：

Ineachofthefollowinggroups,therearefourstatements.Oneisthegeneralpoint,andtheotherthreearethespecificsupportforthepoint.FirstwriteaPforeachpointandanSforeachstatementofsupport.Theninthespaceprovidedaddoneortwomorespecificsupportproperforthesituationwithyourownwords.Finallydiscussandcheckwithyourpartner.

1）

_____Collegestudentsareunwillingtoacceptlowsalaryjobs.

_____Collegestudentsusuallyaimtoohighforjobs.

_____Collegestudentsfinditreallydifficulttogetajob.

_____Companiesthinksomestudentsarenotfitforthejobs.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2）

_____Theactivitymakesstudentsrelaxed.

_____Thecampusactivitybenefitsstudentsmost.

_____Theactivitymakesstudentsappreciateothers’merits.

_____Theactivitygivesstudentsthechancetomakefriends.

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

BDirections：

Readthefollowingtwoparagraphsandseeifyoucananswerthequestionsaboutspecificsupportandthegeneralpoint.Thencheckwithyourpartneryouranswersandfinallyhaveanoralreadingofwhatyouhavewritten.

1）

Readinghasasignificantnumberofbenefits.Mentalstimulation:

keepingyourbrainactiveandengagedpreventsitfromlosingpower.Vocabularyexpansion:

themoreyouread,themorewordsyougainexposureto,andtheywillinevitablymaketheirwayintoyoureverydayvocabulary.Memoryimprovement:

everynewmemoryyoucreategorgessynapseswhenyouarereading,whichassistsinshort-termmemoryrecallandstabilizingmoods.Strongeranalyticalthinkingskills:

yousolvethemysterynovelbeforefinishingthebook,whichisbecauseyouranalyticalthinkingworks.

Whatarethethreespecificsupportdescribedintheparagr