六级考试真题第2套.docx

六级考试真题第2套.docx

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六级考试真题第2套

2013年6月六级考试真题（第二套）

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark“Goodhabitsresultfromresistingtemptation.”Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1–7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8–10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

ANationThat’sLosingItsToolbox

ThesceneinsidetheHomeDepotonWeymanAvenueherewouldgivetheold-timeAmericancraftsmanpause.

InAisle34isprecutplasticflooring,thegluealreadyinplace.InAisle26areprefabricatedwindows.Stackednearthecheckoutcounters,andascolorfulasaFisher-Pricetoy,isanot-so-serious-lookingpowertool:

abattery-operatedsaw-and-drillcombination.Andifyoudon’twanttodoityourself,headtoAisle23orAisle35,whereahelpdeskwillarrangeforaninstaller.

It’sallveryhandystuff,Iguess,aconvenientwaytobeado-it-yourselferwithoutbeingallthatgoodwithtools.ButatatimewhentheAmericanfactoryseemstobeashrinkingpresence,andwhengoodmanufacturingjobshavevanished,perhapsnevertoreturn,thereissomethingdeeplytroublingaboutthisdilutionofAmericancraftsmanship.

Thisisn’talament（伤感）—ornotmerelyalament—forbygonetimes.It’sasocialandculturalissue,aswellasaneconomicone.TheHomeDepotapproachtocraftsmanship—simplifyit,dumbitdown,hireacontractor—isonesignalthatmasteringtoolsandworkingwithone’shandsisrecedinginAmericaasahobby,asavaluedskill,asaculturalinfluencethatshapedthinkingandbehaviorinvastsectionsofthecountry.

Thatshouldbeamatterofconcerninapresidentialelectionyear.YetneitherBarackObamanorMittRomneypromoteshimselfastool-savvy（实用工具很在行的）presidentialtimber,inthemoldofaJimmyCarter,askilledcarpenterandcabinetmaker.

TheObamaadministrationdoesworrypubliclyaboutmanufacturing,afirstcousinofcraftsmanship.WhentheFordMotorCompany,forexample,recentlyannouncedthatitwasbringingsomeproductionhome,theWhiteHousecheered.“WhenyouseethingslikeFordmovingnewproductionfromMexicotoDetroit,insteadoftheotherwayaround,youknowthingsarechanging,”saysGeneSperling,directoroftheNationalEconomicCouncil.

AsktheadministrationortheRepublicansormostacademicswhyAmericaneedsmoremanufacturing,andtheyrespondthatmanufacturinggivesbirthtoinnovation,bringsdownthetradedeficit,strengthensthedollar,generatesjobs,armsthemilitaryandbringsaboutarecoveryfromrecession.Butrarely,ifever,dotheypubliclytaketheargumentastepfurther,assertingthatagrowingmanufacturingsectorencouragescraftsmanshipandthatcraftsmanshipis,ifnotabirthright,thenavitalingredientoftheAmericanself-imageasacan-do,inventive,we-can-make-anythingpeople.

Traditionalvocationaltraininginpublichighschoolsisgraduallydeclining,strandingthousandsofyoungpeoplewhoseektrainingforacraftwithoutgoingtocollege.Colleges,fortheirpart,havesince1985graduatedfewerchemical,mechanical,industrialandmetallurgical（冶金的）engineers,partlyinresponsetothereducedroleofmanufacturing,abigemployerofthem.

Thedeclinestartedinthe1950s,whenmanufacturinggeneratedasturdy28%ofthenationalincome,orgrossdomesticproduct,andemployedone-thirdoftheworkforce.Today,factoryoutputgeneratesjust12%ofG.D.P.andemploysbarely9%ofthenation’sworkers.

Masslayoffsandplantclosingshavedrawnplentyofheadlinesandpublicdebateovertheyears,andtheystilloccasionallydo.Butthedamagetoskillandcraftsmanship—what’sneededtobuildacomplexairlineroratractor,orforaworkertomoveupfromassemblertomachinisttosupervisor—wentlargelyunnoticed.

“Inanearliergeneration,welostourconnectiontotheland,andnowwearelosingourconnectiontothemachinerywedependon,”saysMichaelHout,asociologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.“Peoplewhoworkwiththeirhands,”hewenton,“aredoingthingstodaythatwecallservicejobs,inrestaurantsandlaundries,orinmedicaltechnologyandthelike.”

That’soneexplanationforthedeclineintraditionalcraftsmanship.Lackofinterestisanother.Thebigmoneyisinfieldslikefinance.Startinginthe1980s,skillinfinancegrewinimportance,and,asdepictedinthenewsmediaandthemovies,becameamoreappealingsourceofincome.

Bylastyear,WallStreettraders,ba